Name: Starter quiz

Acids and bases

1 What should you never do in order to see if a liquid is acidic? Tick 1 correct answer
Taste it to see if it is sour
Use an indicator solution
Use indicator paper
Carry out a reaction with a known substance

2 Which part of our body releases hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria on our food? Tick 1
correct answer
stomach
mouth
large intestine
liver

3 Vinegar is an acid. When it is added to bicarbonate of soda, a chemical reaction

occurs. The mixture fizzed showing a was being released. Fill in
the blank

4 Naturally occurring acids are often found in fruit making them taste sour. Which fruit
contains the least acid? Tick 1 correct answer
Lime
Lemon
Banana
Apple

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Acids and bases Starter quiz

5 What happens to the atoms in an acid during a chemical reaction? Tick 1 correct
answer
The atoms rearrange themselves to form new substances
Nothing happens to the atoms
The atoms disappear because the acid has reacted
The atoms change their shape

6 Which of the following are not chemical properties? Tick 2 correct answers
pH
melting point
how a substance reacts with oxygen
solubility

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Name: Worksheet

Acids and bases

Task A: Acids, bases and alkalis

1) Help the students to complete the sentences by selecting the correct word(s) from the
brackets.

Edible acids have a (sour / sweet) taste.

These acids are (dangerous / safe) to eat and can
be found in sweets and drinks. Laboratory acids
(should / should never) be consumed.

Sofia

Some acids and alkalis are (corrosive / flammable) and can cause chemical
burns. A (danger symbol / hazard symbol) is added to products to warn that
the substance is corrosive.

Sam

2) Help the students to complete the sentences by selecting the correct word(s) from the
brackets.

Bases will (react / not react) with an acid to form

(a salt / an alkali).

Sofia

Alkalis are (insoluble / soluble) bases, that (will / will not) form
(acidic / alkaline) solutions.

Sam

1
Acids and bases Worksheet

Task B: Red and blue litmus paper

1) You will be given six solutions to test with red and blue litmus paper. You will then use
the results to see if the solution is an acid or alkali.

Results table:

colour of red litmus colour of blue litmus

name of solution acid / alkali
paper after test paper after test

Equipment:
pipette
solution solution 4.
1. 2. 3.

spotting tile red litmus blue litmus

test tube rack
test tube well paper paper

Method:

1. Collect test tubes containing household solutions.

2. Use a pipette to place 3 - 4 drops of solution in the spotting tile well.
3. Place the end of a piece of red and blue litmus paper in the solution.
4. Observe your results and record them in your results table.

v2.3
 Acids and bases Worksheet

2) Andeep tested some household solutions using red and blue litmus paper to see if they
were acidic or alkaline.

a) He found out that a cleaning solution was alkaline. Describe what he

would observe.

b) Some fizzy drink was tested, red litmus paper remained red. Describe
what you would expect to see for the blue litmus paper and what
conclusion Andeep could write.

c) Andeep said that lemons, limes and oranges are all acidic. Write a
method for an experiment that he could carry out to prove he is correct.
Draw a results table for him to fill in.
Andeep

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v2.3
Name: Starter quiz

pH scale and universal indicator solution

1 Match the keyword to the correct statement Write the correct letter in each box

a acid A solution with a pH of less than 7.

b alkali A soluble base with a pH greater than 7.

c base A substance which reacts with an acid to

form a salt and water.

2 Which of these statements about chemical reactions are true? Tick 2 correct answers
New products are made when a chemical reaction occurs.
New reactants are made when a chemical reaction occurs.
The total mass of reactants is the same as the total mass of the products.
No new substances are formed when a chemical reaction occurs.

3 What is the result if blue litmus paper is dipped into lemon juice? Tick 1 correct answer
It stays blue.
It turns red.
It turns green.
It turns yellow.

4 What is the result if red litmus paper is dipped into soapy water? Tick 1 correct answer
It turns blue.
It stays red.
It turns green.
It turns yellow.

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pH scale and universal indicator solution Starter quiz

5 True or false? Vinegar can be used to neutralise sodium hydroxide. Tick 1 correct
answer
true
false

6 Which containers of liquid may require a corrosive hazard label? Tick 2 correct
answers
water
milk
sulfuric acid
sodium hydroxide (an alkali)

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Name: Worksheet

pH scale and universal indicator solution

Task A: pH scale

1) State if the solution is acidic, neutral or alkaline.

a) A solution has a pH of 5.
b) A cleaning solution has a pH of 8.
c) Water has a pH of exactly 7.
d) Milk has a pH of 6.5.
e) Vinegar has a pH of 3.
f) A drain unblocker solution has a pH of 10.
g) A facial cleanser has a pH of 7.5.

2) Are Jacob and Alex’s statements true or false?

A solution with a pH of 2 is
more acidic than a solution
with a pH of 7. Solution A has a pH of 3,
solution B is 100 times more
acidic. So solution B has a pH
of 2.

Alex

The pH scale goes

from 1-20.
pH stands for ‘potential of helium’.

Jacob

1
pH scale and universal indicator solution Worksheet

Task A: pH scale

3) Correct the false statements to make them scientifically correct.

A solution with a pH of 2 is
Solution A has a pH of 3, solution B is
more acidic than a solution
100 times more acidic. So solution B
with a pH of 7. true
has a pH of 2.
false

Alex pH stands for ‘potential of helium’.

The pH scale goes false
from 1-20.
false

Jacob

4) Write the pH of the following solutions:

a) Solution A has a pH of 3, solution B is 10 times more acidic. What is the pH of

solution B?

b) Solution C is neutral. What is the pH of solution C?

c) Solution D has a pH of 8, solution E is 1000 times more alkaline. What is the pH of

solution E?

d) Solution F has a pH of 7, solution G is 100 times more acidic. What is the pH of

solution G?

2
 pH scale and universal indicator solution Worksheet

Task B: Universal indicator

1) Draw a results table for the experiment described below.

2) Test a series of solutions to determine their pH using either universal indicator

solution or paper.

Method

● Using a pipette place 3-4 drops of the test solutions in a well of a spotting tile.
● Either add 1-2 drops of universal indicator solution or place the end of universal
indicator paper into each well of the spotting tile.
● Using a pH scale chart observe and note down the colour and pH of the solution in
your results table.

3) Write a conclusion for your experiment by completing these sentence starters:

The most acidic solution I tested was __________, I know this because …

The most alkaline solution I tested was __________, I know this because …

I (did/did not) test a neutral solution, I know this because …

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v2.3
Name: Starter quiz

Practical: red cabbage indicator solution

1 Match the following keywords to the correct description. Write the correct letter in
each box

a neutral a solution with a pH of 3

b acidic a solution with a pH of 7

c alkaline a solution with a pH of 14

2 Which of the following statements about solvents is correct? Tick 1 correct answer
A liquid in which a substance dissolves.
The mixture formed when a solid dissolves in a liquid.
The ability of a substance to dissolve in a liquid.
A liquid in which a substance will not dissolve.

3 Which two of the following keywords can be used to describe a substance that can
dissolve in a liquid? Tick 2 correct answers
solute
soluble
solution
solvent

4 Some pH scales have a range from 0 to 14. Which of the following would describe a
substance with a pH of 0? Tick 1 correct answer
very strong acid
very strong alkali
neutral

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Practical: red cabbage indicator solution Starter quiz

5 The pH range most commonly used is from 1 to 14. What does the term 'range' mean?
Tick 1 correct answer
The largest value in an experiment.
The smallest value in an experiment.
The sum of the maximum and minimum values.
The difference between the maximum and minimum values.

6 The lower the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, the

the pH of the solution. Fill in the blank

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Name: Worksheet

Practical: red cabbage indicator solution

Task A: Making an indicator

1) Match the equipment to the image and description.

funnel where the filter paper is placed for
filtration
pestle
the ‘bowl’ where the red cabbage is
conical crushed to make smaller pieces
flask
used to stir the red cabbage and water
mixture
mortar
used to crush the red cabbage to
stirring release the colourant
rod used to separate the crushed cabbage
from the coloured solution
filter
this is where the coloured solution is
paper
collected

1
 Practical: red cabbage indicator solution Worksheet

2) Write a 5-step method for making an indicator.

Use the images to help you.

a. b. e.

c. d.

keep

3) Carry out the practical to prepare your own indicator solution.

a) Use a mortar and pestle to crush the red cabbage for 2-3 minutes.
b) Place the crushed cabbage into a beaker.
c) Cover the crushed cabbage with hot water.
d) Stir the crushed cabbage and water mixture for 2 minutes.
e) Filter the cabbage mixture and keep the coloured solution.

v2.3
 Practical: red cabbage indicator solution Worksheet

Task B: Testing indicators

1) Carry out the practical following instructions from your teacher to

compare different indicators.

indicator colour of indicator when placed in solution

pH2 pH4 pH7 pH9 pH11

red litmus

blue litmus

universal
indicator

red cabbage

2) Write a conclusion for your indicator experiment.

Which indicator(s) did you think gave the best results in this
experiment and which one(s) was / were the least effective?

The best indicator(s) was / were __________. The advantages of using it

/ them are ...

The least effective indicator(s) was / were __________. The

disadvantages of using it / them are …

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Name: Starter quiz

Chemical reactions: acid and metal

1 Match the following key terms to the correct description. (Write the correct letter in
each box)

pestle and A solution with a pH of less than 7.

a
mortar
A substance which reacts with an acid to
b pH scale form a salt and water.

c acid A soluble substance with a pH greater

than 7.
d base
A scale from 1 - 14 which measures
e solution acidity or alkalinity of solutions.

f alkali Tools used to crush and grind substances.

This forms when a substance dissolves in

a liquid.

2 Which of the following describes what universal indicator is? (Tick 2 correct answers)
Paper that turns different colours depending on the pH of the solution.
A solution that turns different colours depending on the pH of the solution.
Paper that turns red or blue to indicate if a solution is acid or alkaline.
A solution that turns cloudy when carbon dioxide is present.

3 Where are metals found in the periodic table? (Tick 1 correct answer)
on the left hand side
on the right hand side
at the bottom
at the top
all over

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Chemical reactions: acid and metal Starter quiz

4 Match the chemical symbols to the correct metal. (Write the correct letter in each box)

a zinc Zn

b magnesium Ca

c copper Mg

d calcium Pb

e lead Fe

f iron Cu

5 Which types of atom are found in nitric acid (HNO₃)? (Tick 3 correct answers)
hydrogen
chlorine
nitrogen
oxygen

6 Which types of atom are found in sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)? (Tick 3 correct answers)
sulfur
hydrogen
oxygen
sulfur dioxide

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Name: Worksheet

Chemical reactions: acid and metal

Task A: Acid and metal reactions

1) Order the different metals reacting with acid, from most reactive to least reactive.

metal A metal B metal C metal D

2) Explain how you decided the order of reactivity.

3) Name the gas produced.

4) What else could you do to assess the reactivity of the metals?

5) Complete the missing words in the name of acid name of metal salt
following word equations. Use the table ending
of information to help you. hydrochloric chloride
sulfuric sulfate
nitric nitrate

a) zinc + sulfuric acid → __________ sulfate + hydrogen

b) magnesium + nitric acid → __________ __________ + hydrogen

c) __________ + __________ acid → lead sulfate + __________

c) zinc + hydrochloric acid → zinc chloride + __________

d) iron + __________ acid → __________ chloride + __________

1
Chemical reactions: acid and metal Worksheet

6) Complete the symbol equations for your answers from part 5 (shown below).

a) zinc + sulfuric acid → zinc sulfate + hydrogen

Zn + → ZnSO4 + H2

b) magnesium + nitric acid → magnesium nitrate + hydrogen

__________ + 2HNO3 → Mg(NO3)2 + __________

c) lead + sulfuric acid acid → lead sulfate + hydrogen

Pb + __________ → PbSO4 + __________

d) zinc + hydrochloric acid → zinc chloride + hydrogen

Zn + 2__________→ ZnCl2 + __________

e) iron + hydrochloric acid → iron chloride + hydrogen

__________ + 2__________ → FeCl2 + H2

v2.3
 Chemical reactions: acid and metal Worksheet

Task B: Testing for hydrogen

1) React hydrochloric acid with different metals and record your observations.

Complete your results table.

Method:

1. Add metal to acid.

2. Hold empty test tube over the reaction mixture.
3. Test gas collected with a lit splint.
4. Listen for a squeaky pop.
5. Feel the test tube for temperature increases.

name of observations positive hydrogen order of reactivity

metal gas test 1 = most reactive

copper

magnesium

iron

zinc

2) Order reactivity based on observations. 1

= most reactive, 4 = least reactive.

3) Write the word and symbol equations for each reaction that takes place.

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Name: Starter quiz

Metal oxides and non-metal oxides

1 Match the following key terms to their definition. Write the correct letter in each box

a effervescence The release of gas bubbles from a liquid,

often heard as fizzing.
b corrosion
When a metal is worn away due to a
c acid chemical reaction.

d metal salt A solution with a pH of less than 7.

A compound made from a metal and

non–metal element(s).

2 Where are non–metal elements found in the periodic table? Tick 1 correct answer
on the left hand side
on the right hand side
throughout the table
at the bottom
at the top

3 Which of these are non-metals? Tick 2 correct answers

chlorine
sulfur
calcium
copper

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Metal oxides and non-metal oxides Starter quiz

4 What does the keyword 'insoluble' mean? Tick 1 correct answer

a substance that does not dissolve in a solvent
a substance that does not dissolve in water
a substance that dissolves easily
an alkaline solution

5 The process of evaporating water from a solution to form crystals is called ... Fill in the
blank

6 What name is given to a substance that reacts with acids and neutralises them? Tick 1
correct answer
a base
water
universal indicator solution
a metal

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Name: Worksheet

Metal oxides and non-metal oxides

Task A: Metal oxides

1) Carry out the practical to make copper sulfate crystals from copper oxide and sulfuric
acid.

Step 1: Neutralise the acid with a metal oxide base.

2. Add 1 spatula of 4. Add another spatula
copper oxide. of copper oxide.

6. Repeat steps 4 and 5

1. Gently warm until no more bubbles
sulfuric acid until are seen and black
3. Stir until the
you start to see 5. Stir until the fizzing copper oxide remains.
fizzing stops and
bubbles, then turn stops and you cannot The copper oxide has
you cannot see
off the heat. see copper oxide. been added in excess.
black copper oxide.

Step 2: Filter to remove excess copper oxide.

1. Filter the reaction mixture to remove the excess copper oxide.

2. Dispose of the excess copper oxide safely.

3. Keep the copper sulfate solution for the next step.

Step 3: Evaporate the water from copper sulfate solution to form copper sulfate crystals.

2. Place the copper sulfate 3. Your copper sulfate

solution in a warm room. Leave crystals should form in the
until the water evaporates, this evaporating basin.
may take a few days.
1. Pour the copper
sulfate solution into an
evaporating basin.
copper sulfate crystals

1
 Metal oxides and non-metal oxides Worksheet

2) Write the word equation for the reaction of copper oxide and sulfuric acid to make
copper sulfate and water.

3) Complete the missing reactants and products.

a) lead oxide + hydrochloric acid → __________ chloride + water

b) lead oxide + sulfuric acid → lead __________+ water

c) zinc oxide + __________ acid → zinc chloride + __________

d) __________ oxide + __________ acid → zinc nitrate + water

e) silver __________ + nitric acid → __________ nitrate + water

Task B: Non-metal oxides

1) Use universal indicator to test the pH of three non-metal oxides that have been placed
in water. You will be using:
● ‘nitrogen oxide in water’
● ‘phosphorus oxide in water’
● ‘sulfur dioxide in water’

2) Complete the results table.

name of non-metal colour of universal

acid / neutral / alkali
oxide in water indicator

nitrogen oxide

phosphorus oxide

sulfur dioxide

3) Write a conclusion about the pH of the non-metal oxides in water using results from
your experiment. You may use the sentence starter below.

(Some / all / none) of the non-metal oxides in water turned universal indicator …
because ...

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v2.3
Name: Starter quiz

Chemical reactions: neutralisation

1 What colour does universal indicator turn when a solution is neutral? Tick 1 correct
answer
green
yellow
blue
orange
red

2 Match the following key terms to their definitions. Write the correct letter in each box

a metal oxide non–metal atoms bonded to oxygen

atoms
b non–metal oxide
metal atoms bonded to oxygen atoms
c adding in excess
reactant is present in greater amounts
d insoluble than needed to completely react

will not dissolve in a solvent

3 The reaction between a metal oxide and an acid is known as a

reaction. Fill in the blank

4 Match the following chemical names to their symbols. Write the correct letter in each
box

a sodium SO₂

b sulfur HCl

c hydrochloric acid S

d metal oxide Na

e non–metal oxide CuO

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Chemical reactions: neutralisation Starter quiz

5 Which of the following is the name of the metal salt that is formed when sodium
hydroxide reacts with nitric acid? Tick 1 correct answer
sodium nitrate
sodium nitrogen
nitric hydroxide
nitrogen oxide
sodium nitride

6 Which of the following statements about bases and alkalis are correct? Tick 2 correct
answers
An alkali is a base that is soluble in water.
A base is a substance that can react with acid and neutralise it.
A base is always insoluble.
An alkali has a pH of less than 7.

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Name: Worksheet

Chemical reactions: neutralisation

Task A: Neutralisation
1) You will be given an acid and will use an alkali to neutralise it.

universal Step 2: add 1 drop

indicator of alkali to the
solution acid.

alkali
acid

Step 1: add 2-3 drops of

universal indicator
solution to the acid.

alkali

Note: add
drops of acid if
your solution
becomes
alkaline.

Step 4: repeat
Step 3: mix the steps 2 and 3
solution by until you reach acid
shaking the pH 7, a neutral
test tube from green solution.
side to side.

1
Chemical reactions: neutralisation Worksheet

2) What would you add to the solution to neutralise it?

Choose either acid or alkali.

a) A solution that is blue litmus paper

universal indicator paper
red in colour f)
when universal
indicator is c) d) e)
added.
red

yellow red purple

g)
b) A solution that
turns universal
A solution where blue
indicator paper litmus paper stays
blue. blue when added to it.

Task B: Neutralisation equations equations

1) Match up the state with the substance correctly represented in that
state.

example
state
CuO(s) CaCO3 (s) LiCl2(s)
aqueous
Hg(L) HCl(aq) KOH(AQ)
gas
(g)
liquid H2(g) Ar g 2 He

solid H2SO4 (aq) NaOH (Aq) H2O(l)

v2.3
 Chemical reactions: neutralisation Worksheet

2) Correct these statements

In a (combustion / When using hydrochloric acid,

neutralisation) reaction, the metal salts called metal
(acid / salt) formed is sulphates are formed.
named after the metal in the
base and acid used.

zinc oxide reacts with

Jacob nitric acid to form a
salt called magnesium
Aisha nitrate.

Lucas
3) Name the metal salt formed when metal hydroxides and metal oxides
react with acids.
name of acid name of metal salt ending
hydrochloric chloride
sulfuric sulfate
nitric nitrate
a) magnesium oxide and nitric acid
b) potassium hydroxide and sulfuric acid
c) zinc oxide and hydrochloric acid
d) lead hydroxide and hydrochloric acid
e) lithium hydroxide and sulfuric acid

4) Complete the equations including missing state symbols using the

correct chemical symbols. Use the information in the tables to help you.

a) HCl(aq) + KOH(s) → KCl(aq) + __________

b) 2__________ + Ca(OH)2(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

c) __________ + ZnO(s) → ZnSO4(aq)+ __________

d) 2HCl(aq) + __________O(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + __________

e) __________ + Zn(OH)2(s)→ ZnSO4(aq) + 2__________

f) 2__________ + __________O(s) → Zn(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l)

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Name: Starter quiz

Chemical reactions: acid and metal carbonate

1 Match the following chemical symbols/formulae to their name. Write the correct letter
in each box

a C calcium

b Ca carbon dioxide

c O₂ carbon

d CO₂ oxygen

2 Match the following key terms to their definitions. Write the correct letter in each box

aqueous solution a compound formed when an acid reacts

a
(aq) with a base

b solvent formed when a substance is dissolved in

water
c metal salt
when an acid and a base react to
d neutralisation produce a neutral solution

a liquid in which a solute dissolves

3 The word used to describe the release of gas from a chemical reaction in a solution is
. Fill in the blank

4 When sodium hydroxide is added to hydrochloric acid, what happens to the pH of the
solution? Tick 1 correct answer
it increases
it decreases
it stays the same
it becomes pH7

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Chemical reactions: acid and metal carbonate Starter quiz

5 Which of the following equations is the general equation for a neutralisation reaction?
Tick 1 correct answer
acid + base → metal salt + water
acid + base → metal salt + hydrogen
acid + base → metal + water
acid + base → salt + water

6 A pupil investigates the neutralisation of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide. They
add two drops of universal indicator to the solution, which turned blue. What does this
tell them? Tick 2 correct answers
The pupil has added too much sodium hydroxide.
The solution is alkaline.
The pupil has added too much hydrochloric acid.
The pupil has used the wrong indicator.

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Name: Worksheet

Chemical reactions: acid and metal carbonate

Task A: Metal carbonates

1) Complete the reactants or products for the following word equations
that show the reaction between different carbonates and acids. Use
the information in the table to help you.
name of acid name of metal salt ending
hydrochloric chloride
sulfuric sulfate
nitric nitrate

a) tin carbonate + sulfuric acid →

b) → lead sulfate + water + carbon dioxide

c) lead carbonate + nitric acid →

2) Use the information in the table to help you complete the equations
when lead carbonate (PbCO3(s)) reacts with different acids. Include
state symbols for reactants and products.

name of salt chemical symbol for salt

lead sulphate PbSO4
lead chloride PbCl2
lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2

a) PbCO3 + 2HCl → __________ + H2O + CO2

b) PbCO3 + 2HNO3 → __________ + H2O + CO2

c) PbCO3 + H2SO4 → __________ + H2O + CO2

1
Chemical reactions: acid and metal carbonate Worksheet

Task B: Chemical test for carbon dioxide

1) Carry out an experiment as shown below, adding

calcium carbonate to hydrochloric acid and test for carbon dioxide
gas. Write down your observations.
delivery tube
bung

hydrochloric acid
calcium limewater
carbonate (colourless)

2) Izzy has been doing an experiment to test the gas

produced by three different reaction mixtures.

She knows that carbon dioxide gas is produced from reaction A and
C but not from reaction mixture B. Complete her results table to
describe what she should expect to see.

Reaction mixture limewater colour limewater colour

before bubbling after bubbling gas
gas through it through it

A colourless

C cloudy / milky white

3) Describe the gas test for carbon dioxide.

Include details for:

● a positive test where carbon dioxide is present

● a negative test if the gas produced is not carbon dioxide

v2.3
 Chemical reactions: acid and metal carbonate Worksheet

Task C: Acid Rain

Acid rain
1) Lucas has been on holiday and he wants to know
what happened to the stone that has ‘disappeared’
from the statues in the photograph. He said that the
tour guide told him
the statues are made of limestone, but had more
defined features many years ago.

Explain to Lucas what has happened to the statues.

2) Laura has planned an experiment to see if a piece of marble

she has found is affected by acid rain and will become
weathered.
Laura’s experimental plan:
1) Collect some rainwater.
2) Fill a beaker with the rainwater.
3) Place the marble in the rainwater.
4) Leave for a week.
5) Observe the marble to see if it has reduced in size and look for bubbles
forming.

Do you think that Laura’s experiment will work?

Evaluate Laura’s experiment.

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