Unit - 5

Psychometric Assessment in
Forensic Science

Dr. Muhammad Kamal Uddin

Professor and Chairman,
(PhD, Kyushu University, Japan)
Department of Psychology,
University of Dhaka
E-mail: kamaluddin67@[Link]
 Ψ Forensic Criminological Assessments
Ψ Psychometric Tools for Forensic Assessments
§ TAT, RIT, 16PF, MMPI, STAI Inventory
§ PTSD Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
Content § Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R)
§ Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI)
§ General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)
§ Jail Screening Assessment Tool (JSAT)
§ MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Criminal Adjudication
§ Competence Assessment for Standing Trial for Defendants with
Mental Retardation
 Forensic Criminological Assessments

§ Forensic psychologists perform criminological assessments for the purpose of

addressing investigative and legal questions.

§ Forensic assessment is a part of the broader category of psychological assessment.

§ The assessment may include traditional psychological assessments and specially

designed forensic measures.

The APA Dictionary of Psychology (2007) defines psychological assessment as

“the gathering and integration of data in order to make a psychological evaluation,
decision, or recommendation”.
 3 Categories of Forensic Assessments

Tests and assessment techniques that were developed for the

Non
assessment, diagnosis, and treatment planning of non-forensic
forensic
populations.

Non Tests that were not specifically developed for addressing

forensic but legal issues but are considered to be forensically relevant in
relevant that they address clinical constructs.

These tests are directly relevant to the assessment of

Pure psycholegal capacities, abilities, or knowledge. Such
forensic
instruments can enhance the quality of a forensic assessment by
providing relatively standardized assessment procedures.
 3 Categories of Forensic Assessments (explanation)

Although, conventional psychological tests have limited use in forensic contexts, they are
Non used to make a link between the test and the legal issues to actually assess the criminal as
forensic an individual. Example: Tests to measure achievement, (Woodcock Johnson Tests of
Achievement), personality (Personality Assessment Inventory), or intellectual ability
(Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III).
Non The most popular of forensically relevant instruments are measures that assess a suspect’s
forensic criminal’s response style, personality type, presence of psychological disorder,
but specifically evaluating minimization or feigning of problems (Minnesota Multiphasic
relevant Personality Inventory-II or Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms). Other such
tests may help in child custody assessments (Parenting Stress Index) or measures of
psychopathy (Hare Psychopathy Checklist).

Forensic assessment instruments designed to address specific legal issues. Forensic

Pure assessment instruments range from simple interview guides that help structure interviews
forensic around the appropriate legal issues to instruments that are constructed and validated with a
solid research base. (detail in the next slide)
 Use of pure
✔ Civil settings include measures of parenting capacity, daily decision making, and forensic
competency to consent to research or manage health care decisions (MacArthur assessment
Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment).
instruments
✔ Quasi-criminal settings use forensic assessment instruments are primarily juvenile
justice proceedings (Juvenile Adjudicative Competence Interview).
✔ Criminal settings use forensic assessment instruments that are designed for adults
(Competence Assessment for Standing Trial for Defendants with Mental
Retardation).
✔ Adult criminal court settings and are especially prevalent in the area of competency
to stand trial (Fitness Interview Test-Revised, MacArthur Competence Assessment
Tool-Criminal Adjudication, and Evaluation of Competence to Stand Trial-Revised).

✔ The Inwald Personality Inventory was developed to assess police officer

candidates for behavior and maladjustments that might negatively affect their
Special performance as police officers.
application
✔ The Jail Screening Assessment Tool was developed to identify inmates during
intake who may require a more formal mental health assessment.
 Difference Between Forensic & Therapeutic Assessment

When a client seeks the services of a psychologist to obtain relief from a mental
health problem such as depression, schizophrenia or a personality disorder, the
Therapeutic
psychologist will begin by conducting a therapeutic assessment. The
Assessment psychologist's role in this assessment is to find out with empathy what problems
the client needs help with and determine what course of treatment is likely to
benefit the client.

A forensic assessment is conducted either at the request of an attorney or by

court order. Either way, the purpose of a forensic assessment is to determine the
facts under question in a legal matter such as a lawsuit or a criminal case, notes
Forensic the American Psychological Association. The psychologist may be asked to
Assessment assess whether or not the client was legally insane when he committed a
criminal act, or whether she is mentally competent to stand trial.
Psychometric Tools for Non
forensic
Forensic Assessment but
relevant
Non
forensic Pure
forensic
Non Forensic
 Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Ψ The Thematic Apperception Test is a type of projective test that involves describing
ambiguous scenes to learn more about a person's emotions, motivations, and
personality.

Ψ Popularly known as the "picture interpretation technique," it was developed by

American psychologists Henry A. Murray and Christina D. Morgan at Harvard
University in the 1930s.

Ψ The TAT is one of the most widely researched and clinically used personality tests.
The test that focuses on the subconscious dynamics of a person's personality.
 How it Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
works?

Ψ Utilizes open-ended questions to reveal aspects

of a person's personality.
Ψ Utilizes images to gather information regarding a
person's feelings, conflicts and desires.
Ψ Black and white images include ambiguous
characters and illustrations including men,
women, and children in various scenes and
situations.
Example: A boy looking at a violin, or a man holding
his hat with his face down, while a woman next to
him stares out the window.
 How to Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
score?

§ The subject is instructed to tell a story, as dramatic as possible, including a beginning, a middle,
and an end. For each of the picture cards, he is asked to answer the following four questions:
‾ What is happening in the picture?
‾ What led up to the event?
‾ What are the characters thinking and feeling?
‾ What is the outcome of the story?
§ To score, examiner will analyze each of the subject's stories based on the following aspects:
– Content of the story — This may reveal a person's attitudes, beliefs, expectations, inner
conflicts, and views on the world.
– Emotional tone of the story — Emotions such as sadness, fear, anger, happiness, or anxiety
can provide the examiner with insight.
– Subject's behavior while telling the story — Changes in voice, poor eye contact, fidgeting,
pausing, and hesitancy.
 Rorschach Inkblot Test (RIT)
Ψ In the Rorschach (roshak) inkblot test, the person is asked to
describe what they see in ambiguous inkblot images.
Ψ The therapist then interprets the person's answers.
Ψ This projective test is a way of revealing a person’s
unconscious thoughts, motives, or desires.
Ψ A person's interpretation of an ambiguous scene might
reveal hidden aspects of that individual's personality.
Ψ Swiss psychologist named Hermann Rorschach developed the
test in 1921 using inkblots as an assessment tool.
Ψ Rorschach noticed that patients with schizophrenia
responded to the blots differently from patients with other
diagnoses. He began wondering if inkblots could be used to
create profiles for different mental disorders.
 Rorschach Inkblot Test (RIT)
Some common contents in the test include:
The way of working:

Cards are presented before

the patients or suspects

Then examiner asks what they

are thinking about the pics

Responses are recorded,

interpreted and scored
 Rorschach Inkblot Test (RIT)
Example of interpretation
Almost all the blots have some features that can invite sexual interpretations. Some psychologists
believe that sexual feelings and interpretations are unconsciously present all the time.
For example a red blot can resemble the female genitals. But if someone responds it resembling a
butterfly or a crab, then it is interpreted as positive. Again, butterfly is more positive than a crab! Which
indicates less sexual desire.

If the test person has too few sexual responses, it may indicate sexual frustration. A not positive
response to such potentially sexual motives, (that means responding the blot as sexual organs or
orientations) may indicate some problems with the relationship with the opposite sex.

A large number of sexual responses (not positive) will indicate schizophrenia. However, a total
absence of sexual interpretations will also be unusual, at least if the applicant is a man. It is said that
normal men think about sex more than 50 times every day!
What is the difference between TAT and RIT?

Subconscious mind TAT

RIT
 16 Personality Factors (16PF)
Ψ Psychologist Raymond Cattell created a taxonomy of 16 different personality traits
that could be used to describe and explain individual differences between people's
personalities.
Ψ According to Trait Theory, human personality is composed of a number of broad traits
or dispositions. 16 personality dimensions described by Cattell—
 16 Personality Factors (16PF)

The 16PF Personality Questionnaire

The test is composed of

The test is used for different Each personality factor is
forced-choice questions in
purposes, including clinical scored on a 10-point scale.
which the respondent must
reports, career development A score below four is
choose one of three different
reports, leadership reports, and considered low, and a score
alternatives.
personality interpretations. above seven is considered
Personality traits are then high.
It is used in forensic settings in
represented by a range and the
order to detect the personality type Remember, here high score
individual's score falls
of the offender, as personality doesn't correspond to "good"
somewhere on the continuum
type is an indication of criminal and low score doesn't
between highest and lowest
behaviour. correspond to "bad."
extremes.
10 point scale
Non forensic
but relevant
 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Ψ The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is the most widely used and
researched clinical assessment tool utilized by mental health professionals to help
diagnose mental health disorders.
Ψ It was developed in 1937 by clinical psychologist Starke R. Hathaway and
neuropsychiatrist J. Charnley McKinley at the University of Minnesota.

✔ Objective tool for assessing different psychiatric conditions and

their severity.
✔ Utilized in psychology clinics, hospitals, correctional settings, and
Applications pre-employment screenings.
✔ In forensic settings, it is used to assess the mental conditions of
the suspects during criminal defense and custody
disputes—whether they are normal or suffering from any disorder.
 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
MMPI consists of 10 clinical scales that are used to indicate different psychological conditions.
 State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)

Ψ STAI is a commonly used measure of trait anxiety and state anxiety for adults.
Ψ It can be used in clinical settings to diagnose anxiety and to distinguish it from depressive syndromes.
Ψ It also is often used in research as an indicator of caregiver distress.

• Total 40 items
This test is split into the • 4 point rating
S-Anxiety scale and the • Higher scores indicate greater anxiety and vice versa
T-Anxiety scale, each having 20
• Temporary condition—state anxiety
items.
• More general & long-standing condition—trait anxiety
 State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)

S T
 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Inventory

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that may occur in

people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event, series of events or
PTSD set of circumstances. An individual may experience this as emotionally or
physically harmful or life-threatening and may affect mental, physical, social or
spiritual well-being.

Natural disasters, serious accidents, terrorist acts, war or combat, rape or

Examples sexual assault, historical trauma, intimate partner violence and bullying.

PTSD Ψ This 30-item structured interview was developed by staff at the U.S.
Inventory Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD.
Ψ It can be used to make a diagnosis, determine lifetime diagnosis, or
assess PTSD symptoms over the previous week.
 Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
• The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is a classic stress assessment
About the scale instrument.
• It helps understand how different situations affect our feelings and
our perceived stress.
• In each case, you will be asked to indicate how often you felt or
thought a certain way.

The Perceived Stress Scale is interesting and important because your

perception of what is happening in your life is most important. Consider
Significance the idea that two individuals could have the exact same events and
experiences in their lives for the past month.

Depending on their perception, total score could put one of those

individuals in the low stress category and the total score could put the
second person in the high stress category.
 Scoring and
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
interpretation

• First, reverse your scores for questions 4, 5, 7, and

8. On these 4 questions, change the scores like
this: 0 = 4, 1 = 3, 2 = 2, 3 = 1, 4 = 0

• Now add up your scores for each item to get a

total. Individual scores on the PSS can range from
0 to 40 with higher scores indicating higher
perceived stress.

Scores ranging from 0-13 would

be considered low stress.
Scores ranging from 14-26 would be
considered moderate stress.
Scores ranging from 27-40 would be
considered high perceived stress.
 Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (HPC-R)
Hare Psychopathy Checklist is a diagnostic tool used to rate a person’s psychopathic/antisocial tendencies.

The HPCR includes 2 factors

F-1: Measure of Emotional Detachment F-2: Measure of Antisocial Behavior

‾ superficial charm ‾ deviance from an early age

‾ selfish ‾ aggression
‾ manipulativeness ‾ impulsivity
‾ shallow affectivity ‾ irresponsibility
‾ absence of guilt or empathy ‾ proneness to boredom
 Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R)

§ The PC-R is a construct rating scale designed to assess the

personality traits and behaviors related to the construct of
psychopathy among adults.

Assessment § The PCR consists of 20 items that are rated on a three-point scale
(from 0 to 2) based on the degree to which the personality or
behavior of the subject matches the description of the item.
Coding and
Scoring § To diagnose adult males in prisons, criminal psychiatric hospitals,
and awaiting psychiatric evaluations or trial in other correctional
and detention facilities.
Applications § To identify the degree of a person’s psychopathic tendencies.
§ To use in forensic settings as a factor in deciding the length and
type of prison sentences.
 Item’s Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R)
content
During the evaluation, the clinician scores 20 items that measure
central elements of the psychopathic character. The items cover
the nature of the subject’s interpersonal relationships; his or her
affective or emotional involvement; responses to other people
and to situations; evidence of social deviance and lifestyle.

Interpretation
A prototypical psychopath would receive a maximum score of
40, while someone with absolutely no psychopathic traits
would receive a score of zero. A score of 30 or above
qualifies a person for a diagnosis of psychopathy. People with
no criminal backgrounds normally score around 5. Many
non-psychopathic criminal offenders score around 22.
 Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI)
✔ Suicidal ideation is one of the symptoms of both major depression and depression found
in bipolar disorder, but it may also occur in people with other mental illnesses or no
mental illness at all.

✔ It means wanting to take your own life or thinking about suicide. However, there are
two kinds of suicidal ideation: active and passive.

Passive suicidal ideation

Active suicidal ideation is not
occurs when you wish you were
only thinking about it but having
dead or that you could die, but
the intent to commit suicide,
you don’t actually have any
including planning how to do it.
plans to commit suicide.
 Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI)
Suicidal ideation is a broad term that includes various thoughts and behavior that are
self-injurious, whether suicidal or not. There might be 4 categories of suicide ideation:

Non-suicidal
Suicidal Suicidal threat: Suicide attempt: self-injury:
thoughts: Thoughts of Behavior that is Directly and
Thoughts killing oneself that intended to kill intentionally
of killing are verbalized to oneself but doesn’t hurting oneself
oneself others result in death without the
intention of suicide
 Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI)
Ψ A suicidal ideation scale is a clinical tool used to assess a person’s
risk of committing suicide.

Ψ By helping healthcare providers recognize signs that someone is

likely to self-injure, the scale aids in timely intervention and
treatment.
Suicidal
ideation Ψ Suicidal ideation scales include questions about a person’s thoughts,
scale attitudes, and desire to commit suicide.

Examples of SSI:
– Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI)
– Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)
– Suicide Assessment Five-Step Evaluation and Triage (SAFE-T)
– Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9)
 Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI) is a
Beck Scale for widely used instrument to assess suicidality.
Suicide Ideation
(BSSI) Here are 19 items of German Beck Scale for
Suicide Ideation developed in 2017.

Purpose of use: Suicidal ideation has been identified as one of the major
predictors of attempted or actual suicide. Routinely screening individuals
for endorsing suicidal thoughts could save lives and protect many from
severe psychological consequences following the suicide of loved ones.

Forensic purpose: Often, offenders after being caught, tried to take their
own lives avoiding proper investigation or misleading the legal procedures.
 General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)
Ψ Self-administered questionnaire for identifying non-psychotic and minor psychiatric
disorders.
Ψ GHQ is a proven, accurate and sensitive assessment tool to pick up signs of distress
among respondents.

GHQ-12: A quick and reliable short form screener for

survey use
Four questionnaires available GHQ-28: Provides four scores measuring somatic
symptoms, anxiety, insomnia, social dysfunction, and
severe depression
The measure is used to identify GHQ-30: A screener with ‘physical’ element items
the presence of symptoms removed
compared to what is normal for
the individual. GHQ-60: Main version of the GHQ, used to identify cases
for more intensive examination
 General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)
The General Health Questionnaire – 28 is self-report screening
measure used to detect possible psychological disorder. The
GHQ-28 identifies:

(1) the inability to carry out normal functions

(2) the appearance of new and distressing phenomena

(3) whether an individual’s current mental state differs

from his/her typical state
 General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)
Scoring and Interpretation
There is a high correlation between the anxiety subscale and the total score,
showing that anxiety is a common symptom of psychiatric disorders.

Scoring method adopts a

The individual is asked to rate Likert-type scale of 0 to 3,
how he/she feels in relation to resulting in a total possible
each question, according to the score range of 0 to 84.
following criteria:
Higher scores indicate a
• Better than usual greater possibility of
• Same as usual psychological distress. A
• Worse than usual score of ≥5 indicates probable
• Much worse than usual cases of psychiatric disorder.
Pure Forensic
 Jail Screening Assessment Tool (JSAT)

The Jail Screening Assessment

Tool (JSAT) is a screening tool
Incontrovertible evidence now
developed for the purpose of
exists to show that the prevalence
Administration of the JSAT
identifying mentally disordered
of mental disorder among those involves a brief interview with
offenders in jails and prisons.
in the criminal justice system the prisoner and consideration of
The JSAT is administered by a
(prisoners, offenders, and
relevant history. Although the
mental health professional during
accused on remand) is
interview is brief, the JSAT is
a brief interview.
significantly greater than isdesigned to elicit sufficient
found in the general population. information to make initial
decisions about the mental health
needs of incoming inmates.
 Jail Screening Assessment Tool (JSAT)
Minimize
falsification
To minimize the number of “false negatives”
Treat (failing to identify an actually mentally disordered
Aims of JSAT

disorder
person), at the expense of making “false positives”
(those identified as possibly being mentally
disordered who are not).

Identify To identify seriously mentally disordered offenders

disorder and provide the necessary treatment, prevent
Prevent violent and disruptive incidents.
violent
behaviour
 Jail Screening Assessment Tool (JSAT)
How to do?

Ψ Mental health screening should normally be

completed within the first day of admission
to jail.
Ψ The screening procedure includes 1) demographic information and social background,
completion of a brief semi structured mental 2) legal status,
status interview and a revised version of the 3) mental health assessment and treatment,
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. 4) suicide and self-harm risk,
5) violence issues,
6) criminal history,
The interview covers 10 7) recent social adjustment,
content areas: 8) recent mental status,
9) substance use and abuse history
10) mental health history.
 MacArthur Competence Assessment
The MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool–Criminal Adjudication is
(MacCAT-CA) a 22-item structured interview for the pretrial assessment of adjudicative
competence.

This approach was designed to introduce legal issues in a way that

distances the defendant from the specifics of his or her own case.

Uses a vignette format and objectively scored questions to standardize

Procedure the measurement of three competence-related abilities:

✔ understanding
✔ reasoning
✔ appreciation
 MacArthur Competence Assessment

These items are based on a brief

Understanding (8 Items) vignette that describes a
hypothetical crime; the 16 items
query about prosecution of the
MacCAT-CA Reasoning (8 Items) hypothetical defendant.

These items query defendants about

their attitudes and beliefs
Appreciation (6 Items) concerning the legal process as it
surrounds their own cases.
 MacArthur Competence Assessment
Understanding—the ability to understand general information related to the law and
adjudicatory proceedings.
Reasoning—the ability to discern the potential legal relevance of information, and capacity to
reason about specific choices that confront a defendant in the course of adjudication.
Appreciation—rational awareness of the meaning and consequences of the proceedings in one's
own case.

Scoring System:
o Items are scored on a 0-2 scale, with higher scores indicative of higher levels of capacity.
o Score ranges for three levels of impairment-
• none or minimal
• mild
• clinically significant
 Competence Assessment for Standing Trial

The Competence Assessment for Standing

Trial for Defendants with Mental Retardation What is competence in trial?
(CAST*MR) consists of 50 questions and was
designed to—
• assess defendants’ understanding of
basic legal concepts

• ability to assist their attorneys

• ability to relate important information

regarding their own legal
circumstances
The purpose is to assist forensic evaluators in determining
competency in defendants with mental retardation.
 Competence Assessment for Standing Trial
CAST*MR

1st section 2nd section 3rd section

Basic Legal Skills to Assist in Understanding Case

Concepts Defense Events

25 multiple choice 15 multiple choice 10 open ended

questions questions questions
 Competence Assessment for Standing Trial

The evaluator should explore with the defendant his factual understanding of
Basic Legal the proceedings. This section contains 25 multiple-choice items and
Concepts addresses understanding of the roles of key players in the process—for
example, judge, attorney, prosecutor, witness—and important procedures
such as a plea bargain and trial.

Skills to Assist It indicates the defender’s ability to defend himself during the trial. The
in Defense defendants are presented with 15 scenarios in MCQ format that involve the
choices they must make about their case or when working with their
attorneys.

Understanding The last portion contains 10 questions. The defendants must answer a series
Case Events of open ended key questions about the circumstances of their arrest and the
charges.
 Competence Assessment for Standing Trial
Sample Questions:

What does a judge do?

(a) defends you (b) decides on the case (c) works for your attorney

What if the police ask you to sign something and you don’t understand. What should you do?

(a) refuse to talk to them (b) sign it anyway (c) ask to see your lawyer

Scoring Guidelines

For each MCQ asked, a 3 point rating scale is used— 0 point, 1/2 point and 1 point.
Competence Assessment for Standing Trial
 Competence Assessment for Standing Trial
Why is it needed?

Ψ Application of the doctrine of competence to stand trial to defendants with mental retardation
requires special consideration because of the unique nature of the disability.

Ψ According to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

“mental retardation is a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual
functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive
skills. This disability originates before age 18”.

Ψ Because of the high risk that intellectual and adaptive behavior limitations may negatively affect
the necessary elements of competence to stand trial, particular care must be taken to conduct
an authentic assessment in order to preserve fairness.

Ψ It was developed to assist forensic evaluators in determining competency in defendants with

mental retardation.
 Competence Assessment for Standing Trial
Case Example
“John,” a 35-year-old man with a history of schizoaffective Explanation
disorder, is arrested; he has been treatment nonadherent for several
months. Once detained, he is restarted on treatment. By the time In the following scenario, the defendant was
the evaluators saw him in jail, John was no longer disorganized during the time of arrest, but by the
thought-disordered because his condition had improved with time the CST evaluation was ordered, he was
treatment. He, therefore, had an understanding of his charges and back on medications and was overall functioning
potential consequences. However, given his history of mental well. Therefore, he was first recommended as
illness and his bizarre behavior at the time of the arrest, a CST. However, once he stopped taking his
Competence for Standing Trial evaluation was ordered. medications in jail, he became psychotic, refused
to work collaboratively with his attorney, and
John was recommended as Competent to Stand Trial (CST), which believed the legal system was conspiring against
was accepted by the court. However, as months passed, the him. At that point, if a second evaluation were
defendant started having difficulty sleeping and became ordered, he would likely be found Incompetent to
increasingly paranoid. He ultimately stopped taking his medicines. Stand Trial (IST) and remanded for Competence
When his defense attorney tried to meet with him, John began Restoration services.
muttering under his breath that the lawyer was conspiring with the
judge and the police.
Competence Assessment for Standing Trial
 Summary of the Chapter

TAT
Non Forensic RIT
16PF
MMPI
STAI Inventory
Non forensic PTSD Inventory
but relevant Perceived Stress Scale
Psychopathy Checklist
Scale for Suicidal Ideation
General Health Questionnaire
Jail Screening Assessment Tool
Pure Forensic MacArthur Competence Assessment
Competence Assessment for Standing Trial
 Summary of the Chapter
Tools Application in Forensic Psychology
TAT……………………………….
Assesses the subconscious dynamics of a person's personality
RIT………………………………..
Investigates unconscious thoughts, motives or desires
16PF……………………………… Detects the personality type of the offender
MMPI………………………………. Diagnoses mental health disorders
STA Inventory……………………. Measures trait anxiety and state anxiety of adults
PTSD Inventory…………………… Assesses psychiatric disorder
Perceived Stress Scale …………… Measures situational effect on feelings and perceived stress
Psychopathy Checklist……………. Rates a person’s psychopathic or antisocial tendencies
Scale for Suicidal Ideation ………….. Assesses a person’s risk of committing suicide
General Health Questionnaire ………. Identifies non-psychotic and minor psychiatric disorders
Jail Screening Assessment Tool……… Identifies mentally disordered offenders in jails and prisons
MacArthur Competence Assessment…. Measures defendant's competence related abilities
Competence Assessment for Standing Trial..... Evaluates competency in defendants with mental retardation
Thank You