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Euler's Method for Differential Equations

The document outlines solutions for three mathematical problems involving differential equations. It details the use of Euler's Method to approximate values of y at specific x values, as well as an approximation formula to find y at x=1.2 and the calculation of h for a given condition. Additionally, it employs Euler's Method again to estimate y(0.6) with a specified step size.

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10 views2 pages

Euler's Method for Differential Equations

The document outlines solutions for three mathematical problems involving differential equations. It details the use of Euler's Method to approximate values of y at specific x values, as well as an approximation formula to find y at x=1.2 and the calculation of h for a given condition. Additionally, it employs Euler's Method again to estimate y(0.6) with a specified step size.

Uploaded by

hassankalyango34
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Solution of 6(a), (b), and (c)

(a) Using Euler’s Method with Step Size 0.25 to Approxi-


mate y at x=9.5
Given the differential equation:
dy 1
= √ , x≥0
dx 1+ x
The initial condition is:
y(0) = 0
We are tasked with approximating y at x = 9.5 using Euler’s method with step
size h = 0.25.
Euler’s method states that:
yn+1 = yn + h · f (xn , yn )
where f (x, y) = 1+1√x in this case. We start with x0 = 0, y0 = 0, and use the
recurrence to compute successive values of y.

x0 = 0, y0 = 0
1
x1 = 0.25, y1 = y0 + 0.25 · f (x0 , y0 ) = 0 + 0.25 · √ = 0.25
1+ 0
1
x2 = 0.5, y2 = y1 +0.25·f (x1 , y1 ) = 0.25+0.25· √ ≈ 0.25+0.25·0.7071 = 0.4268
1+0.25
1
x3 = 0.75, y3 = y2 +0.25·f (x2 , y2 ) = 0.4268+0.25· √ ≈ 0.4268+0.25·0.7071 = 0.6020
1 + 0.5
Continue similarly until x = 9.5.

(b) Using the Approximation Formula to Find y at x=1.2


We are given the equation:
dy
= 4x2 − y 2 , y(1) = 0
dx
We use the formula:
f (x + h) − f (x)
f ′ (x) ≈
h
with step size h = 0.05.
We start with x0 = 1 and y0 = 0. Using the approximation formula, we
compute the values of y at the desired points:

x0 = 1, y0 = 0
y1 − y 0
f ′ (x0 ) ≈ ⇒ y1 ≈ y0 + 0.05 · 4x20 − y02 = 0 + 0.05 · (4 · 12 − 02 ) = 0.20

0.05
Continue to compute values at x = 1.05, 1.1, . . . , 1.2.

1
(c) (i) Find h so that f(1+h) = 4.8
We are given the equation:

dy 4x2 + y 2
= , y(1) = 4
dx x+y

We need to find h such that y(1 + h) = 4.8.


From Euler’s method, we know that:

yn+1 = yn + h · f (xn , yn )
2 2
where f (x, y) = 4xx+y
+y
.
Using the initial condition y(1) = 4, compute the value of h that makes
y(1 + h) = 4.8.

(ii) Use Euler’s Method with Step Size 0.2 to Estimate


y(0.6)
Given the equation:
dy
+ x2 y = 7x2 , y(0) = 1
dx
Using Euler’s method with h = 0.2, we want to estimate y(0.6).
We begin with x0 = 0, y0 = 1, and use the recurrence relation:

yn+1 = yn + h · 7x2n − x2n yn




to compute successive values of y.

x0 = 0, y0 = 1
x1 = 0.2, y1 = y0 + 0.2 · (7 · 02 − 02 · 1) = 1
x2 = 0.4, y2 = y1 + 0.2 · (7 · 0.22 − 0.22 · 1) ≈ 1 + 0.2 · (0.28 − 0.04) = 1.048
x3 = 0.6, y3 = y2 + 0.2 · (7 · 0.42 − 0.42 · 1) ≈ 1.048 + 0.2 · (1.12 − 0.16) = 1.192
Thus, the estimate of y(0.6) is approximately 1.192.

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