Khawaja Nazim ud Din Ghulam Muhammad Iskandar Mirza
Liaquat Ali Khan
Constitution making- Objective Constitution making- 2nd Draft of Constitution of 1956
resolution- framework to form the constitution Federal system was
new constitution, laws will be Head of state must be adopted
made according to principles of Muslim and minorities 2/3 rd of the members
Quran and Sunnah, safeguard will have representation were required to make
the rights of minorities and in assemblies changes in the
basic human rights L2 Decision of language constitution
Made easier to form the new will be taken by the Equal no of seats for
constitution of 1956, 1962, assembly east and west Pakistan
1973, federal form of Ulemas advisory in national assembly
government, judiciary council, President will be
Equal no of seats for muslim
east and west Pakistan Country was declared as
Islamic republic of
Failure: Why 2nd draft/1952 of Pakistan
Minorities criticized constitution was criticized? (7) Urdu and Bengali were
adopted national
language
President will have
greater power
Pak was successful in framing
the first constitution
Introduced parliamentary form
of government , promised
democracy
Economy- State bank of Economy- 5 Year Plan Economy- transportations and
Pakistan 1949 Agriculture, mining, transport, telecommunication, railways,
Encouraged the Muslims power, telecommunication airlines
countries to invest in Pakistan Jute mill was established
Crucial role in stabilizing the Sui gas was discovered
economy of paksitan Energy crisis were resolved
Jobs were produced
Brought satisfaction for east
Pakistan
PRODA ACT- Public Event Ghulam Muhammad Why 1956 constitution were
representative officer dismissed Khawaja Nazim ud criticized??
disqualification act - to din as PM One unit scheme was criticized
eliminate corruption, to some WHY Khawaja Nazim ud din was by the government , as
extent it was positive, but later dismissed as PM? (7) provinces were not happy with
on it was misused by the 1) Food criris, famine, the constitution ,
governors economic instability, no
major action Greater power were given to
2) Khatma e nabuwat the president, so opposing
movement/ Anti parties disagreed .
ahmedi movement
/Anti Qadyani Conflict on equal no of seats
Protest to remove
ahmadis from higher
seats and declare them Why there were many
as non muslim governments changed from
3) Unable to fix the 1947-1958?
constitutional issues ,
Bengalis were 1) Political instability
protesting against the 1956-1958 4 PM Were
1st and 2nd draft changed, because
iskandar wanted a
Khawaja Nazim ud din was puppet government,
replaced by Muhammad Ali hussain shuawardy he
bogra united with the
government of Punjab
Muhammad Ali bogra and Bengal and started
presented a formula called protesting against him.
Bogra formula for the
development of constitution 2) Lack of experienced
politicians led to the
Parliament will be bicameral change in differenct
( two houses National assembly government ,
and senate) 3) Constitutional crisis
Senate equal seats for each
province (10 seats for east pak, Why martial law was
10 for punjab, 10 sindh, 10 imposed in 1958? (7)
balochistan, 10 NWFP) Why Ayub Khan came
National Assembly (135 seats into power in 1958?
for west Pakistan and 165 seats
for east Pakistan) Political instability
National assembly session will 1956-1958 4 PM Were
be held in both states changed, because
Assembly was dismissed by iskandar wanted a
governor general puppet government,
WHY?? hussain shuawardy he
Because of clash between united with the
ghulam muhaamad and bogra government of Punjab
formula on the power of and Bengal and started
Governor general protesting against him.
Bogra wanted to limit the
power of Governor general, Economic instability
When Ghulam muhamma got to After the death of
know about it, he dismissed the Jinnah and Liaqaut
assembly there was no leader
who could uplift the
Chaudhary Muhammad Ali was economy of Pakistan,
the next PM
Ghulam Muhammad resigned Security threat- from
because he was ill India,
Iskandar mirza
Rejected
Power clash between
Muhmmad Ali bogra and
Ghulam Muhammad
O
1st DRAFT of constitution 1950 :
Equal no of seats for
east and west Pakistan
Powers will be held in
the hand of the
presidents
Head of the state will
appoint PM
Each province will have
their own assembly
Urdu was declared as
national language
Why 1st draft of
constitution was
criticized? (7)
1) Bengali criticized
because they
demanded more no
of seats based on
their population
(56%) + and didn’t
accept Urdu as the
official language
2) Ulemas criticized
because draft was
not on Islamic basis
3) Political parties
opposed it because
president was given
greater power
Why martial law was imposed in 1958? (7)
1) Political instability, 4 PMs were changed in 2 years, lust of power, IM wanted puppet
government , Hussain Shuarwardy was removed from the office, HS coiliated with the politicians
of Punjab and Bengal, started protesting, law and order situation become worse
2) Economic instability: economy was declining, no major progress was made after death of LAK
and Quaid, famine, food crisis
3) Clash between east and west Pakistan/ constitutional crisis,
Ayub Khan 1958-69 Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Zia Ul Haq
Significant figure in the history Constitution- 1973
of Pakistan Two houses, senate and
nd
Serverd as the 2 president of National assembly
pakistan Leader of the majority
Aligarh university will become the PM
Commissioned into the british Pakistan was an Islamic
indian army in 1928 republic
Chief martial law administrator President and PM will
Constitution: 1962 Constitution be muslims
Democracy with discipline Each provinces will have
President cant be have their own
removed from office assembly
unless impeached All human rights will be
President will nominate granted
the cabinet Accepted by all shades of the
President will nominate society
head of judiciary and Marital law was removed
governors of the Democracy restored
provinces
National assembly cant
pass any law without
the approval of
president
Urdu and bengali both
national language
National assembly
session both in Dhaka
and Islamabad
President will be from
West than Speaker of
assembly will be from
East or vise versa
Althought the ban on
political parties were
removed and Pak was
moving towards
democracy
It was increasing the
power of ruling elite
Basic Democratic system
4 tier structure
Ordinary ppll elected union
council members, they will elect
the ppl of district and divisional
member. (80,000 basic
democrats) , they will elect
members of provincial and
central assemblies
But it failed in Pakistan,
democrats were illiterate ,
Economic – Agriculture Industrial _ Nationalization
Limit of land 12.5 acre-500 acre
irrigated
1000acres unirrigated
Productivity increased, Agriculture- reduced the size of
Landlords were influential, land further
bribing . landlords, 250 acres irrigated
500 acres unirrigated
Green revolution
Modernization, tubewells, dams
hyv SEED, fertilizers, education
given to farmers
Economic – Industrial Educational reforms
Industrialization, Lahore, Literary rate 25%
Faisalabad, sialkot, Primary education free
RCD joined , Overcrowded
Mineral development
cooperation Only 13% of educational budget
Oil refinery
Incentives to the industrialist Impact 1% literary rate
7% economic growth rate increased
Wealth was in hands of elite
only
22 families , west Pakistan
Social reforms Health reforms
New schools new cirrculum, Basic health units
training to the teachers and Were made
doctor nurse,
Refugees crisis, 75000 homes
were built
Family laws, 2nd marriage not
allowed without permission of
first wife
Early marrigaes were banned
Family planning, awareness,
control population growth
These criticized were ulemas
New Capital
Why?
Islamabad was a planned city
Climate
Secure
Near to GHQ
Democratic Action committee-
an alliance against ayub rule