SL TIME OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHER’S LEANER’S AV EVALUATION

ACTIVITY ACTIVITY AIDS

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
1. 5 min Enumerate the
SYSTEM
anatomy and Explaining Listening Instruc
 The female reproductive system
physiology of tional
comprises internal and external
female progra
organs that facilitate
reproductive mme
menstruation and procreation.
system.
 This organ system is responsible
for producing gametes (termed
eggs or ova), regulating sex
hormones, and maintaining
fertilized eggs as they develop
into mature fetuses ready for
delivery.

VAGINA
 It is a muscular tube that leads
from the cervix to the outside of
the woman’s body
 FUNCTIONS:
•To allow discharge of the
menstrual flow.
 As the female organs of coitus.
•To allow passage of the foetus
from the uterus(called birth
canal)

UTERUS

The hollow, pear-shaped organ in a

woman’s pelvis. The uterus is where a
foetus (unborn baby) develops and
grows.
Functions:
•Menstruation
•Implantation of the embryo
•Gestation, or development of the
embryo and later the foetus
FALLOPIAN TUBE
Fallopian tubes are a pair of hollow,
muscular ducts located between ovaries
and uterus
FUNCTIONS:
•Receive the ovulated egg.
• Fimbriae guides the ovulated egg into
the tube.
•Area where fertilization generally
occurs.
•Carry egg to the uterus.
OVARIES
One of a pair of female glands in which
the eggs form and the female hormones
oestrogen and progesterone are made.

FUNCTIONS OF OVARIES:
•Produces egg cells
•Produces estrogen and progesterone
•Estrogen is secreted to thicken the
walls of the uterus, and it also activates
the development of other female sex
characteristics
•Progesterone maintains the uterine
lining during pregnancy
 POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN
DISEASE (PCOD)

INTRODUCTION
2. 3 min Introduce the
•Polycystic ovarian disease is a hormonal
topic
abnormality with a metabolic and endocrine
disorder .This disease was described and
named by Stein and Leventhel
•The disorder affects women of reproductive
age groups between 12-45 years .The disease
may occur in any age groups after menarche
to menopause
3. 2 min Define DEFINITION OF PCOD
Polycystic
ovarian disease  PCOD or polycystic ovarian
(PCOD) Explaining Note taking Instruc What is the
disease is a heterogeneous,
multisystem endocrine disorder in tional meaning of
women of reproductive age with progra PCOD?
ovarian expression of various mme
metabolic disturbances

4. 2 min Enumerate the INCIDENCE

incidence rate of
PCOD Explaining Listening Instruc What is the
 Incidence varies between 0.5 -4 tional incidence rate of
% more common amongst in progra PCOD?
fertile women mme
 It is prevalent in young
reproductive age group mainly
16-20 years of age
 The estimated prevalence of
PCOD in India ranges from 3.7 –
22.5 %

5. 3 min Explain the Explaining Instruc

ETIOLOGY
etiology of Listening tional What is the
PCOD progra etiology of PCOD?
 PCOD is a multi factorial and
mme
polygenic condition
  The causes of PCOD are:-
• dysregulation of cytochrome P gene
•upregulation of enzymes in androgen
•congenital adrenal hyperplasia
•thyroid dysfunction

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Explaining

6. 5 min Enlist the signs Listening Instruc What are the signs
and symptoms of tional and symptoms of
 Increased obesity
PCOD progra PCOD?
 Hirsutism: excessive hair growth
mme
usually on face ,chest or back
 Dysfunctional uterine bleeding: It
is defined as abnormal uterine
 bleeding that results from ovarian
endocrinopathy
 Infertility: Not being able to get
pregnant after one year of
unprotected sex
 Acanthosis nigricans: Thickened
grey – brown pigmented skin
over neck ,inner thigh, groin and
axilla
 Oligomenorrhea: It is a condition
in which have infrequent
menstrual periods
 Amenorrhea: It is defined as the
absence of menstruation during
the reproductive years of a
women’s life
7. 3 min Mention the DIAGNOSIS Explaining Listening Instruc What is the
diagnostic tional diagnostic
evaluation of  Transvaginal sonography. progra evaluation of
PCOD.  Laparoscopy. mme PCOD?
 Thyroid function test.
 Pelvic examination .
 Blood test
 Hormonal study

 Transvaginal sonography : It is a
imaging procedure used to
diagnose conditions affecting
reproductive organs
 Laparoscopy : It is used to examine
a women’s pelvic organs using a
thin lighted tube called laparoscope

 Pelvic examination : It is a
manual examination of
reproductive organs for
abnormalities
 Thyroid function test: used to
diagnose and monitor treatment
of common thyroid gland
disorders
8. 4 min Explain the MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Listening Instruc What are the
management of Explaining tional management of
PCOD •Progesterone required to induce progra PCOD?
menstruation mme
•Oral contraceptive pills
•Eflorinthin cream topically prevents
hair growth
•For managing infertility clomiphene is
first line treatment
•Metformin rectified endocrine and
metabolic disorders
•Anti androgens to control level of
androgens
Assisted reproductive technology

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

Laparoscopic ovarian drilling : This

surgery comprises laparoscopic drilling
of or puncture of not more than 4 cysts
in each ovary either by laser or by
unipolar electrocautery
HOME MANAGEMENT
 Weight reduction
 Limit carbohydrates and sugar
 Exercises includes walking HIIT
workouts ,cardio ,aerobic exercises
,plank jacks
 Maintain a healthy diet .Add leafy
greens ,pulses and flax seeds.

DIETARY MANAGEMENT
 People with PCOS should avoid these
foods that can ramp up inflammation :
•Fried foods (French fries, potato chips, corn
chips and fried chicken or fish)
•Saturated fats such as butter or margarine
•Red meats
•Processed snacks: cakes, cookies, candy and
 pies
•Sugary beverages such as sodas, teas and
sports drinks
•Alcoholic beverages
•Refined flour, white bread, rolls, pizza crust
and pasta
•White rice

9. 5 min Explain the Explaining Listening Instruc What is the

prevention of PREVENTION tional prevention of
PCOD progra PCOD?
• Exercises like walking, bicycling, dancing mme
•Exercises like lunges, bicep curls, crunches,
squats, wall sits, Leg raises etc.
 •Daily walking on a treadmill or outside for
atleast 30-45 minutes a day.

YOGA
The major poses or asanas to prevent PCOD
are; [Link] or garland pose:

[Link] bandhasana or bridge pose:

 Dhanurasana or bow pose

 Baddhakonasana or butterfly pose

 Chakki chalasana or Mill churning pose

 DIET
•Green leafy vegetables such as cauliflower
,spinach, cabbage
•Fruits such as avocado, pomegranate, citrus
fruits
 Get enough sleep for atleast 6-8hours
 Avoid consumption of alcohol
 Avoid junk foods
 Avoid oily and fatty foods
10. 3 min Discuss the Explaining Listening Instruc What are the
complications of COMPLICATIONS tional complications of
PCOD progra PCOD?
 Infertility: Not being able to get pregnant mme
after one year of unprotected sex
 Gestational Diabetes: A condition
characterized by an elevated level of
glucose in the blood during pregnancy
 Endometrial cancer: It is a type of cancer
that begins in the lining of the uterus
 Depression: Elevation or lowering of a
person’s mood or loss of interest in
activities
 Abnormal uterine bleeding: bleeding from
uterus that is longer than usual or at
irregular time
11.

CONCLUSION

Polycystic ovarian disease is one of the most

important endocrine disorder that affects
females in the reproductive age and may lead
to serious [Link] maintaining
a healthy and active lifestyle may decrease the
chance of developing this condition and its
associated infertiliy.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Hiralal konar. DC Dutta’s Textbook of
Gynaecology. 7th edition. Newdelhi:
Jaypee Brothers medical
publishers(P)Ltd ;2016.P.378-381
 Mayoclinic. Polycystic ovary
syndrome(PCOS).The institute;2022-
Available from:
[Link]
conditions/pcos/symptoms-causes/syc-
20353439
 World Health Organization. Polycystic
Ovary Syndrome. The institute;2023-
Available from:
[Link]
sheeets/details/polycystic-ovary
syndrome