Module 5

The Filipino Moral Agents in the New

Normal Setting

Overview :

This module confirms the societal roots and principles, including the consequences f
Filipino moral behaviours. This also conveys how to behave normally in this difficult life, while
reflecting on pandemic-related culture shock and why Filipinos are following subjects pertinent
to the Bahamian Act . It tackles the Filipino cultural foundations which mentioned some
Filipinos’ most common traits and basis of Filipino moral behaviours

This also leads to the discussion of how Filipinos behave amid the pandemic and the
good points of manifesting the same bayanihan spirits even when negativity of critiques abound.
Finally, it illustrates the of those Filipino values implications to the new lifestyles resembling the
concept of “culture shock ,”being unaware of the untimely attack of covid 19, worldwide. The seven
dimensions of culture in understanding ethical behaviours somehow give tips on how Filipinos
could evade from this tormenting challenges in life. As evident, the matrix shoes there are three
topics to be discussed within the three weeks with allocated number of hours per week.

Topics Weeks Allocated no of

Hours

Lesson 1. Cultural Foundations and

Basis of Filipino Moral
Behaviours: Implications to Week 10 3 hours
the New Lifestyles

Lesson 2. Culture Shock Due to

Pandemic and Why Week 11 3 hours
Filipinos Abide

Lesson 3. Seven Dimensions of Culture

in understanding Ethical Week 12 3 hours
Behaviours

Total No. of Hours 3 weeks 9 hours

 Lesson 1: Cultural Foundations and Basis of Filipino Moral Behaviours:
Implications to the New Lifestyles

Introduction

It’s a notion that diverse cultures among communities adhere to different

set of rules to abide as to guide people in their day to day life opportunities.
Cultures serve as rules of conduct and can be important guidelines for how
individuals should or ought to behave. We may pose for some important queries,
such as : How does culture shape moral behaviour? Why should culture not be
the ultimate determinant of values?

The above questions are an introduction to the understanding about the

roots of ethics across the many cultures., including the Philippines. Fundamental
cultural values are transmitted to a culture's members by the so called “parenting
approach,” including socialization, education, and religion. There are also minor
factors that have found to affect ethical behaviours of people. Some of this
secondary factors may include differences in the structures and systems of laws
across communities of people. In fact, other factors may have something to do
with human resource management systems, organizational culture, and
professional cultures, including codes of conduct. In ending, we may include the
questions : Why should culture not be the ultimate determinant of values?

Objectives

At the end of this topic, the students should be able to:

1. Appreciate and understand why culture is the foundation of and basis of Filipino
moral /ethical behaviours.
1. Elaborate and evaluate the essence of Culture Shock Due to Pandemic and Why
Filipinos Abide
3. Critique on the six dimensions of culture in understanding ethical behaviours

Pre-lecture
1. Culture and Its Role in Moral Behavior Today

Culture does play a very significant “would-be” role in shaping moral behavior and
encompasses even further to social norms. Thus, defining moral behavior based on ethical
standards might influence and change our definitions of what ought to be
 deemed morally acceptable by consistent contact to it. Whether between or within nations and
societies, cultures vary substantially in their promotion and transmission of a multitude of moral
judgments and behaviors.

a) Nature of Culture and Its Ethical Definition Now

Culture refers to as mores, ethical standards which the majority of the community of
peoples agree as good, Other thing in consideration is the way they behave without enforced
rules and regulations. Hence, ethical standards are the morals of values which people adhere and
remain acceptable to most of them.

b) How to act normally in this challenging Life

Nobody knows that a pandemic will come and ruins’
the lives of humanity. It just happened in a blink of an eye and
nobody knows when it will end. Thus, no one ever undertook
that life would be unfair and miserable today that it was used to
be. In fact, life is intolerable, that people are judgmental and
demanding. However, your capability to appreciate and accept
that life isn’t meant to be fair and may go a long way when it
seems to face a very frustrating situations in life.

The Filipinos as a people who have been constantly under the rule of numerous
powerful countries has over time, developed a sense of resourcefulness or the ability to survive
with whatever they have. And in what situations they may be. They have the extraordinary
ability to make something out of almost nothing. If a Filipino was given just a screwdriver,
plastic bags, and some tape, he would still be able to build a bird tree, especially for the sake of
survival, and provided that he be allowed to hunt for some needed surrounding material.[9]

2. What is Cultural Relativism today?

Even, in the Philippines, although

generally, we speak of a Filipino “The Filipino
culture brought about by a greater degree of
embraces civilization
uniformity throughout the country but
yet, there are still sub-cultural differences that and lives and thrives
certainly affect the meaning of the behavior. in every clime, in

Cultural relativism refers to not judging a culture to our own

standards of what is right or wrong, strange or normal. Instead,
we should try to understand cultural practices of other groups in
its own cultural context. It upholds, that man's opinion within a
given culture defines what is right and wrong. Cultural
relativism is the faulty idea that there are no objective standards
by which our society can be judged because each culture is
entitled to its own beliefs and accepted practices, and the respect
for religion is strictly manifested.
 (Additional Information)

The Filipino values are considered the most remarkable unique Asian
race. Filipino values or value system discusses the set of ethical
principles/standards that a majority of the Filipinos have acquired based on
historical accounts since the Philippines were colonized by five heritages and
remain important in Filipino lives. This Philippine values system includes their
own unique collection of consistent concepts or ideologies, norms, moral
codes, ethical practices, and included etiquettes which were practiced and
preserved both cultural and personal values that are promoted by their society.
As with any society though, the values that an individual holds sacred can
differ on the basis of religion, upbringing and other factors.

Some Strengths of Filipino Values in the Utilitarian Ethical Principle

Filipino values are, for the most part, centered at maintaining social harmony, motivated
primarily by the desire to be accepted within a group. Some of the strengths known to Filipino
values as adopted from the utilitarian principles are the following:

: 1. Pakikipagkapwa tao

Filipino are open to others and feel one with others. Regard others with dignity and
respect. Filipino deal with them as fellow human being. This is Filipino’s basic sense of justice and
fairness, and their ability to relate to with others. It is established in the Filipino’s ability to
empathize with others, in helpfulness and generosity in times of need (pakikiramay) which were
manifested in today’s pandemic setting.

In fact, there were times

Pakikipagkapwa-tao marks that
in in
thetheessence
spirit ofofbayanihan or mutual
camaraderie assistance
and a feeling of closeness to
and
one in the famous
another. Filipino
It is the hospitality,
groundwork even
for unity as the
wellpoor
as ofones were of
the sense able to show
social their
justice.
concern in this regard.
2. Closed-Family Ties Orientation

Filipinos possess a genuine and deep love for

family which is well stipulated in Article II of the
Philippine Constitution, section 12: The state ensures
the sanctity of the Filipino family. Thus, the sense of
family results in a feeling of belongingness and
rootedness in a basic sense of security.

“ Filipinos preserve
their families and
manifest the so called
“closed-family ties.”
 2. Resiliency (Joy and Humor), Filipinos have a cheerful and fun loving approach to life and
its ups and down. They have a positive view in life’s circumstances. This famous trait is
the ability of Filipinos to find humor in everything. It sheds light on the optimism and
positivity of Filipinos in whatever situation they are in. You have witnessed that even
during calamities, Filipinos are seen smiling, so as to remain strong-minded in going
through struggles or challenges in life. It serves as a coping technique, the same way a
child who has fallen laughs at himself/herself to hide his/her embarrassment

4. Flexibillity, Adaptability and Creativity,

Filipinos can easily adjust and adopt to circumstances
and the surrounding environment, both physical and
social. Filipinos possess tolerance for ambiguity that
enables us to remain unfazed by uncertainly or lack of
information. Filipinos are creative, resourceful, quick
learners; can improvise and make use of whatever is at
hand in order to create and

5. Faith and religiosity.

Filipinos innate religiosity enables them to comprehend and genuinely accept reality in the
context of God’s will and plan. In line with the Moral Renewal Program which refers to values
formation and ethical behavior for government officers and employees, as well as the
strengthening of people’s values to achieve zero tolerance for corruption

REFERENCES

Books/Articles :

Chmielewski, C., (2004).The Importance of Values and Culture in Ethical Decision

Making.

Talisayon, Serafin. Filipino Values Archived April 17, 2016, at the Wayback Machine,
Chapeter XIII, Teaching Values in the Natural and Physical Sc54654 iences in the
Philippines, [Link]

Video clip/s:

(Retrieved 7-13-2020)-insert today's date- from NACADA Clearinghouse of

site: [Link]
[Link]

Filipino values and cultural traits

[Link]
 Lesson 2: Culture Shock Due to Pandemic and
Why Filipinos Abide

Introduction

It’s a notion that diverse cultures among communities adhere to different

set of rules to guide people in their daily routinely activities. As
the pandemic swings across the world, the term you’ve probably heard a lot
is “social distancing.” In the Philippines social distancing is a culture shock that
is believed to a way to flatten the epidemic curve by asking Filipinos to stay
home and limit their socialization or gathering, even in churches and religious
practices. Travelling is banned and lockdown is implemented strictly. While
social distancing is our best means for slowing the spread of this virus, it’s also
probable to make people act negatively in a fragmented society. It’s very sad for
Filipino families to be isolated for longer period if infected with the virus and
behaviors seemed very hard to control for those vulnerable like the old ones and
sickly individuals.
To lessen the effects of individualism, we’ll need to go back to the
importance of “social solidarity.” Ethics of Care will be manifested again to
safeguard our own respective personal security. The “bayanihan spirit” of
helping one another, specifically the intentions of frontlines, call friends and
loved ones, volunteer to deliver food to militiamen and health workers who left
their own families for our security and health protocols brought panic to all
people around [Link] speaks, our Filipino culture will make this kind of
collective effort difficult. We live in a intensely individualistic society, and that
way of thinking is a culture shock scarring us all to abide by the laws, thus,
cooperate. Yet despite all that, we still believe that there are many things we can
do individually to make a significant difference to this new normal abnormal way
of appreciating life.

Objectives

At the end of this topic, the students should be able to:

1. Illustrate the actual scenario of the challenging times were Filipinos by all means unite.

2. Elaborate on the Philippine scenario and its challenges amidst the pandemic

3. Assess on how the Philippine government enforce laws and how Filipinos abide

Pre-lecture
 1. What is culture shock?

Culture shock is the feeling of confusion, uncertainty mixed with anxiety that
the community of people experience in an unpredictable scenario that is different from
their own normal lifestyles. It exists from an individual's unusualness with local laws,
customs, language, and cannot determine whether or not behavior is acceptable.

Culture shock is manifested in an

extreme homesickness by which due to
unavoidable circumstances an individual
is away from his love ones. Thus, the
feelings of helplessness/dependency
occur unexpectedly. Consequently, a
disorientation and isolation. An
unexpected feature of culture shock is
the disorientation one experiences
on returning to one's culture of origin—a
phenomenon which has been designated
‘reverse culture shock’ (Hertz 1977).

Consequently, there are many people who feel even more difficulty in readjusting to
their own culture after returning from abroad than they did adjusting to the foreign culture or
cultures they have lived in, therefore a feeling of depression and sadness is evident for those
considered hyper-irritability, may include inappropriate anger and hostility which may cause
insomnia and eating disturbances (too little or too much).Such person or group of people may
also experience excessive critical reactions to host culture/stereotyping, specifically in today’s
difficult time of pandemic. is strictly manifested. Common problems among Filipinos
include: information overload, language barrier, generation gap, technology gap, skill
interdependence, formulation dependency, homesickness (cultural), boredom (job dependency),
response ability (cultural skill set).[2] There is no true way to entirely prevent culture shock, as
individuals in any society are personally affected by cultural contrasts differently.

Additional Information

2. The Philippine Scenario and Its Challenges Amidst the Pandemic

The world was attacked by an unpredictable pandemic beyond human

control. Thus, the Philippines immediate response to this difficult reality of
“culture shock” that astonished us terribly up to now. We Heal As One Centers
refers to temporary health facilities or emergency patient care centers (PCCs)
established by the Philippine government to accommodate COVID-19 patients as
 part of efforts to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic in the [Link]
popular concepts attached to this are the following :

a) The Bayanihan Act (Utilitarianism Approach)

“Filipinos should choose the option that “maximizes utility,

that action or government policy that produces the largest amount of good.”
The Bayanihan to Heal as One Act, also known as the Bayanihan Act, and officially
designated as Republic Act No. 11469, is a law in the Philippines that was enacted in March 2020
granting the President additional authority to combat the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines.

We Heal As One Centers refers to

temporary health facilities or emergency patient
care centers (PCCs) established by the Philippine
government to be able to accommodate COVID-
19 patients as part of efforts to deal with
the pandemic in the country.[1] Some facilities are
also serving as quarantine sites for Filipino
repatriates from other countries. The establishment
of such facilities are led by the Department of
Public Works and Highways (DPWH) coordinating
with the Bases Conversion and Development
Authority (BCDA) and other private and
government entities by refurbishing pre-existing
structures or setting up makeshift tents.

“We heal as
The very first We Heal as One Center was
the facility at the Ninoy Aquino Stadium, an indoor
arena within the Rizal Memorial Sports
Complex in Manila which was refurbished as a
health facility on April 6 and admitted its first
patient on April 14.[2] At least seven other facilities
became operational at a later date. The government
is planning to open more facilities in Cebu.

b) Philippine Health Care System (Utilitarianism Approach)

“Filipinos should choose the option that “maximizes utility,

that action or government policy that produces the largest amount of good.”
The topic of health has become more and more more significant over the past few
decades in the Philippine history as to respond to both natural and man-made calamities. The
country has employed several remarkable reforms to strengthen its health system. In fact,
Philippines adopted a regionalized health governance in 1991, introduced a social health
insurance programme – PhilHealth – in 1995, and has actively pursued universal health
coverage since 2010.

As a consequence of its emphasis on the health sector and general socio-economic

development, our country has accomplished significant improvements in life expectancy and
immunization coverage, as well as a twofold reduction in infant and under-5 mortality.
However, caught by today’s brutal and dangerous pandemic, there are still many concerns in
the health sector that need to be tackled. Although, admittedly, we lack health facilities to
combat covid19 but the government through DOH continuously respond to help Filipinos.
Thus this idea embraces the concept of Utilitarianism at some point.

c) The Real Role of Frontlines (Ethics of Care)

“ Filipinos must foster the skills of attention, response, respect, and

completion, and maintain just and caring relationships.”

Doctors, nurses, health-care personnel,

paramedics and militiamen around the world,
including the Philippines, are fronting an
extraordinary workload in overstressed /over-
reached health facilities, and with no end in
sight. They are working in stressful and
frightening work situation, not just because the
virus is deadly but because in most settings they
are under-protected, overworked and themselves
susceptible to infection as frontlines. while many
Filipino

and closing ceremonies of the SEA

The Director Behind “We Heal As
Games this year have initiated a video
One” Shares A Few Inspiring
of hope and healing. They’ve
Words In This Time of COVID-19
Powerhouse! National Artist Ryan tapped Maestro Ryan
Cayabyab, writer and director Floy Cayabyab and Direk Floy Quintos to
Quintos, with artists Lea Salonga, Sarah provide the music and lyrics to “We
Geronimo, Ogie Alcasid, and more, have Heal As One,” and Eloisa Matias as
come together to sing this song of music producer. The music video,
inspiration and healing directed and edited by long-time Metro
collaborator Frank Lloyd Mamaril of
FLM Productions, was released last

Doctors, nurses, PNP,

militiamen and other
frontlines have died already,
others still strengthened their
force to serve more and save
many lives.
 d) Survival of the Fittest and the Elimination of the Unfit (The Fairness
or Justice Approach)

“In today’s difficult situation, Filipinos should be treated equally regardless of their
station in life, that is, they should not be subject to discrimination.”

The corona virus never stopped, even what kind of quarantine is implemented there was
no flattening of the curve and the Philippines has the highest in number of covid cases. Even the
IATF has issue health protocol guidelines, yet, just to survive, the poorest of the poor need to go
out for a living. The situation today proves that Charles Darwin’s theory and Karl Marx “survival
of the fittest and the elimination of the unfit remains to be true.

e) The Elitism ,Middleclass and Working Class (The Right Theory approach)

“Regardless of socio-economic status, region, cultural ideology, everyone

has the right to exists with due respect and adherence to human rights.

We can’t erase the fact that the rich become richer while the poorest of the poor tend to
fight for their lives and do illegal acts just to survive the pandemic. The elite who got wealth and
power cannot feel this pandemic but the poorest of the poor who got nothing to eat and no house
to stay safe.
f) Realism on Peace and Harmony ( Common Good Approach)

“Give up being right. Instead radiate peace and harmony, love

and laughter from your heart.”

Within the UN Culture of Peace framework, peace embraces far more than an absence of conflict.
It includes tolerance, disarmament, sustainable economic and social development, democratic participation,
gender equality, freedom of expression and respect for human rights. The transition from a culture of war to a
culture of peace entails the conversion of individual behaviour as well as institutional [Link] to
live in peace and harmony is a long-term process, and starts with the development of innermost peace, and
fostering attitudes that stimulate the development and incorporation of peaceful principles. Education and
awareness-raising play a key roles in this process. That’s why CHED has included peace education in the
curriculum.
REFERENCES

[Link]/Articles :

Barna, LaRay M. "HOW CULTURE SHOCK AFFECTS COMMUNICATION."

Communication 5.1 (n.d.): 1-18. SocINDEX with Full Text. EBSCO.29
[Link]

Bautista, Philipp. "Acts - The LawPhil Project". [Link]. Retrieved 2015-07-

03.

Macionis, John, and Linda Gerber. "Chapter 3 - Culture." Sociology. 7th edition ed.
Toronto, ON: Pearson Canada Inc., 2010. 54. Print.

[Link] clip/s:

How CULTURE drives behaviours

[Link]

1. [Link]
2. ^ [Link]
doi=[Link].5459&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Rich Dad Poor Dad Summary (Animated)

[Link]

[Link] :

Culture shock cartoon ARTIST ALLAN CAVANAGH [Link]

Lesson 3: Seven Dimensions of Culture in Understanding

of Ethical Behaviours

Introduction

It is valid in many ways that when a person's conduct is negative,

irrespective of his / her motives, as compared to others who have behaved
 positively in a given situation, he / she might have an average likelihood ranking,
then that term is called “awa” or a feeling of "simpatiya."

The original dimensions of culture been refined. The original theory

suggested four dimensions, at first, in which cultural values could be analysed:
individualism-collectivism; avoidance of uncertainty; distance of power (strength
of social hierarchy) and femininity-masculinity (task-orientation vs person-
orientation) in the Philippines. However, in general, there is a generic structure
behind the most apparent and important facts about cultural dimensions and
relativity. All cultures are very many. Distinct responses to exactly the same
human biology questions and Which are the generalities of the human condition.

Consequently, living habits in any culture circumstances such as the

presence of two sexes should have accepted and licensed ways of addressing such
universality; childhood helplessness; have to satisfy basic biological needs such as
food, warmth and sex; presence of people of various races and cultures, including
the very “in demand” technical, and other skills possessed by men that sometimes
trigger their respective behaviours in the wrong way.

Objectives

At the end of this topic, the students should be able to:

1. List and address the seven cultural dimensions and be able

to know the consequences of those.
2. Apply and evaluate the guides in working with different
cultures by understanding and appreciating their influence.

3. Compose / write an original song using any of the seven

dimensions of culture for self-expression.

Pre-lecture
The 7 Dimensions of Culture

The 7 Dimensions of Culture Model (Trompenaars Cultural Dimensions

Model) works by differentiating cultures based on Filipino setting and
preferences. The following 7 dimensions are

1. Universalism vs. particularism.

[Link] matters more, rules or relationships?

Cultures based on universalism try to treat all cases the same, even if they involve friends or loved
ones. The focus is more on the rules than the relationship. Universalist cultures include Canada, the U.S.,
the U.K., and [Link] based on particularism will find relationships more important than rules.
You can bend the rules for family members, close friends, or important people. Each case has to
1. Individualism vs. communitarianism.

Q2. Do we work as a team or as individuals? Do people desire recognition for their individual
achievements, or do they want to be part of a group?

Individualistic cultures believe that your outcomes in life are the result of your choices.
In these cultures, decision makers make decisions and they don’t need to consult to do so. Thus,
decision makers can make decisions at speed. It is your responsibility to look after your
happiness and fulfillment. Individualistic cultures include Canada, the U.S., the U.K., and
[Link] based on communitarianism believe your quality of life is better when we help
each other. Thus, these cultures organize themselves around groups. There is a strong sense of
loyalty within the group. As a result of this group tendency, decision making is slower as
everyone gives input. Job turnover will be lower due to high group loyalty.

2. Specific vs. diffuse.

Q3 How separate is our personal and professional life?

In a diffusive culture, people tend to see their personal and work life as interconnected.
These cultures believe that objectives can be better achieved when relationships are strong. As
such, in these cultures work colleagues socialize with each other outside of work more. These
cultures are courteous and respect age, status, and background more. Examples of diffusive
cultures include China, India, Argentina, and Spain.

3. Neutral vs. affective.

Q4. Do we show our emotions?

In a neutral culture, people tend not to share their emotions. Emotions are of course felt
by the individual, but they are kept in check and controlled. Observing these people you would
consider them cool and rational. Neutral cultures include Germany, Netherlands, and the [Link]
an affective culture, people tend to share their emotions, even in the workplace. In an affective
culture, it considered normal that people share their emotions. Examples of affective cultures
include Italy, Spain, and Latin America.
 4. Achievement vs. ascription.

[Link] we prove ourselves to get status or is it given to us?

In an achievement culture, you earn status through knowledge or skill. Job titles are earned
and reflect
In anthis knowledge
ascription and you
culture, [Link]
Anyone
given can challenge
status based ona decision
who youif are.
theyThis
havecould
a logical
be
argument. Examples of achievement cultures include the U.S., the U.K., Germany,
because of your social status, your education, or your age. You earn respect in these cultures and
Scandinavia.
because of your commitment to the organization, not your abilities. A decision will only be
challenged by someone with higher authority. Examples of ascription cultures include Japan,
Italy, and

2. 6. Sequential time vs. synchronous time.

[Link] things get done one at a time or do many things get done at once?\

In In a synchronous
a sequential time culture,
time culture, time ispeople see the past,
very important. present,
People like and future
projects to as
be interwoven.
Because of this people do several things at once, as time is interchangeable.
completed in stages. Time is money, and so it is important that each stage is finished This results in plans
onand
[Link]
It is rudebeing flexible.
to be late It also explains
for meetings why punctuality
in these cultures. Examplesisofless important.
sequential timeExamples of
synchronous time cultures include Japan,
cultures include the U.S., the U.K., and Germany. India, and Mexico.

5. Internal direction vs. external direction.

Q7. Do we control our environment or are we controlled by it?

In an external direction culture, people believe that they must work with their
environment to achieve their goals. In these cultures winning isn’t as important as maintaining a
strong relationship. They focus on environmental factors e.g. relationships to achieve their goals.
Examples of external direction cultures include China, Russia, and Saudi Arabia. People assume
that they should track their world in an inner culture of direction to achieve their goals. The
emphasis is on egoism (one's self, family, and organization). Winning is important in these
societies and therefore violent attitudes are prevalent. Global advice societies include the USA,
the United Kingdom and Australia.

What you need to do for the world around you not to be controlled:
[Link] and eliminate the triggers / cues of wrong behavior, if possible.
2. Experiment with adding new stimuli to the environment to start positive behavior
[Link] at what works and be able to love it by concentrating on its pros and cons..

Over-thinking can take a

number of different forms:
increasingly careful decision-
making, attempting to read minds,
predicting the future, reading the
smallest of information, etc.
Those who continually
 Overthinking is because you were terribly
hurt by no cause
( Additional Information)

Guides on the Application of the seven social dimensions

of Culture in the Philippines

The Filipino values are considered the most remarkable unique Asian
race. Filipino values or value system discusses the set of ethical
principles/standards that a majority of the guides for working with the different
cultures in consonance with the seven dimensions are discussed below

Guides on the Application of the Seven Dimensions of Cultures (for working wit
the various cultural bearings
Universalist cultures Particularist cultures
[Link] on with your promises. [Link] in developing partnerships so you can
consider other people's individual needs.
[Link] clear. [Link] those needs in the decision-making as
much as possible.
[Link] the reasoning behind why you took a [Link] point out important basic laws that must be
specific decision. followed.
Individualistic cultures Communitarian cultures
1. Award and offer praise based on individual 1. Honour the party for performing
success of a person. exceptionally.
2. Encourage people to take their own initiative. 2. Publicly praise the community, but privately
3. Align the need of the client with that of the thank individuals for their feedback.
organization. 3. Publicly praise the community, but privately
thank individuals for their feedback.
Neutral cultures Affective cultures
1 . Keep your feelings in check, both what you are 1. Using emotions to express what you want and
thinking and what your face is thinking. what you want to achieve.
2. Know people have less chance of voicing their 2. Share how you feel about improving
true emotions. So try reading between the lines relationships within the workplace.
of what people are doing.
3. Keep up on subject in meetings after initial chit- 3. Study some ways to mitigate circumstances
chat. where feelings are str
Specific cultures Diffusive cultures
[Link] the meeting agendas. [Link] your partnership before setting goals.
[Link] invites from colleagues to more social
[Link] as best you can to your agenda. occasions. Commit to assisting.
 [Link] to explore on-the-job business in
[Link] on reaching people first. Your friendship later comes
socialup.
and personal circums
Achievement cultures Ascription cultures
1 . Give gratitude in front of one 's peers. [Link] the headings to refer to peers. When you
[Link] not use names want to contest a superior 's judgment, treat
[Link] individual success bonuses this with delicacy.
[Link] special care in showing your supervisors
respect.
3. Using the Merit Program
Sequential time cultures Synchronous time cultures
1. Adhere to deadlines and responsibilities. [Link] some flexibility to citizens within the
timeframe.
[Link] not to remove yourself from the set [Link] people time to arrive at meetings late.
schedule. 3. Be clear, point out any deadlines that are not
flexible and need to be met.
3. Wake yourself up on time.
Internal direction External cultures:
1. Offer feedback instead of setting targets so that
people can change their course on the way.
1. Allowing individuals to set their own
professional growth plans (within reason). [Link] people time to arrive at meetings late.

3. Allowing flexibility for people to use their

2. Space for a certain amount of constructive relationships to produce results.
criticism

3. Set specific priorities and objectives.