UNIT II
LESSON 3: HEAT
TRANSFER
PHYSICS FOR
ENGINEERS
Submitted by:
Ma. Carmel C. Lace
Alysa Faye D. Odivelas
Submitted to:
Ms. Ivon Lavilla
Guiuan 6809
Eastern Samar, Philippines
inf0@[Link]
https//[Link]
PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS
LESSON: 6 DYNAMICS OF ROTATION
Reporters: Mark-Jhon Diangzon Section: BSCE 1-A
Seth Cyril Bantilan
Torque is a measure of the force that can cause an object to rotate about an axis. Just as force
is what causes an object to accelerate in linear kinematics, torque is what causes an object to
acquire angular acceleration. Torque is a vector quantity.
τ=r×F
where:
τ : is the torque,
r : is the lever arm (the distance from the pivot point to the point where the force is applied),
F : is the magnitude of the applied force,
Sample Problem
1. Calculate the torque produced by a 75N perpendicular force at the end of a 0.2m long wrench
Given: Required: Solution:
r = 0.2m τ=? τ=r×F
F = 75N τ = (0.2m)(75N)
τ = 15Nm
2. Calculate the torque by the same 75N force when a pipe extends the length of the wrench to
0.5m
Given: Required: Solution:
r = 0.5m τ=? τ=r×F
F = 75N τ = (0.5m)(75N)
τ = 37.5Nm
3. A bolt connecting the main and rear frame of a mountain bike requires a torque of 15N ⋅m to
tighten. If you are capable of applying 40N of force to a wrench in any given direction, what is
the minimum length of the wrench that will result in the required torque?
Given: Required: Solution:
τ = 15Nm r=? τ=r×F
F = 40N r = ( τ / F)
τ = (15Nm / 40N)
τ = 0.375m
Guiuan 6809
Eastern Samar, Philippines
inf0@[Link]
https//[Link]
Static Equilibrium
Static equilibrium is the state of an object or system that is at rest and not moving. It occurs
when all the forces acting on the object are balanced, and the sum of all the forces is zero.
Work Done by a Torque
1st Law of Rotational Motion:
A body in motion at constant angular velocity will maintain that motion unless acted upon by an
unbalanced external torque.
2nd Law of Rotational Motion:
When an unbalanced external torque acts on a body with moment of inertia, 1, it gives that body
an angular acceleration a, which is directly proportional to the torque and inversely proportional
to the moment of Inertia.
3d Law of Rotational Motion:
If body A and body B have the same axis of rotation, and if body A exerts a torque on body B,
then body B exerts an equal but opposite torque on body A.
Rotational Work
Rotational work is the work done on a rigid body when a torque is applied over an angle. It’s
equal to the torque multiplied by the angle.
A solid disk with a mass of 10 kg and a radius of 0.5 m is rotating about its central axis. A
constant torque of 20 N·m is applied to the disk for 5 seconds. If the disk starts from rest,
determine:
a) The angular acceleration of the disk.
b) The final angular velocity after 5 seconds.
c) The total work done on the disk.
Angular Momentum
Angular momentum is the property of any rotating object given by moment of inertia times
angular velocity
A 2 kg solid sphere of radius 0.3 m is spinning at 10 rad/s about its central axis.
a) Determine the angular momentum of the sphere.
b) If an external torque of 3 N·m is applied in the opposite direction of rotation, how long will it
take to bring the sphere to rest?
Guiuan 6809
Eastern Samar, Philippines
inf0@[Link]
https//[Link]