CLASS 11 – BIOLOGY
Chapter: Animal Kingdom
Topic: Cyclostomes, Chondrichthyes & Osteichthyes
I. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) – NEET PYQs
1. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of cyclostomes?
a) Jaws present, paired fins present
b) Jaws absent, paired fins absent
c) Jaws present, scales present
d) Jaws absent, scales present
[NEET 2018]
2. Which among the following is not a characteristic of Chondrichthyes?
a) Placoid scales
b) Cartilaginous endoskeleton
c) Operculum present
d) Viviparous or oviparous
[NEET 2017]
3. In Osteichthyes, gills are covered by:
a) Placoid scales
b) Operculum
c) Gill slits without operculum
d) Spiracles
[NEET 2020]
4. Myxine belongs to the class:
a) Cyclostomata
b) Chondrichthyes
c) Osteichthyes
d) Amphibia
[NEET 2016]
5. Which one of the following pairs is incorrect?
a) Scoliodon – Viviparous
b) Labeo – Operculum
c) Petromyzon – Jaws present
d) Carcharodon – Placoid scales
[NEET 2014]
II. Assertion–Reason Questions
Instructions: For each question, choose the correct option:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
6. Assertion (A): Cyclostomes are exclusively ectoparasites on some fishes.
Reason (R): They have suctorial mouth and horny teeth to attach to host body.
7. Assertion (A): Chondrichthyes are marine fishes with placoid scales.
Reason (R): Placoid scales help in increasing buoyancy of the fish.
8. Assertion (A): In bony fishes, swim bladder helps in buoyancy regulation.
Reason (R): The swim bladder in bony fishes is homologous to lungs in higher vertebrates.
III. Competency-Based Questions
9. A biology student observed a fish with the following characteristics:
Endoskeleton made entirely of cartilage
Five pairs of gill slits without operculum
Presence of heterocercal tail
Identify:
a) Class of the fish
b) One example
c) Type of scales present
10. A researcher collects a jawless fish from a freshwater stream during breeding season. It
is eel-like, lacks paired fins, and has a circular mouth.
Identify the organism
Mention its class
Explain its mode of feeding and reproduction
IV. Case-Based Study Questions
Case Study 1:
A fisherman caught two fishes – one was Scoliodon and the other was Labeo. On
examination, he found the following:
Feature. Fish A (Scoliodon) Fish B (Labeo)
Endoskeleton Cartilage Bone
Type of Scales. Placoid Cycloid
Gill covering None Operculum present
Tail type Heterocercal Homocercal
Questions:
11. Which fish belongs to Chondrichthyes and which to Osteichthyes? Give two reasons for
each.
12. State one adaptive advantage of the heterocercal tail in Fish A.
13. Which fish is more likely to have a swim bladder and why?
Case Study 2:
During a marine biology expedition, scientists observed that some fishes like Carcharodon
are top predators in the ocean, while others like Catla feed on plankton.
Questions:
14. Explain the difference in dentition between Carcharodon and Catla.
15. Which class does Carcharodon belong to? Mention two of its unique features.
16. Why are bony fishes more successful in freshwater compared to cartilaginous fishes?