DIGITAL/ANALOG LABFILE (SOFT COPY)
Experiment 1
Fig. BJT output characteristic graph
Experiment 2
Aim: To study and test Op-Amp using IC741.
Theory: IC741 can be used for making different amplifier circuit. We will study them one by one. An
inverting op-amp circuit amplifies an input voltage while inverting its polarity. The virtual ground
concept ensures In+ and In- have the same potential. The gain is determined by the ratio of feedback
resistor (R2) to input resistor (R1): A = -R2/R1. The op-amp's high gain and infinite input impedance
enable accurate amplification. Feedback from output to In- stabilizes the output. This circuit provides
high gain accuracy, low input bias current, and high input impedance, making it suitable for
amplification, inversion, impedance matching, and filtering application.
Equipment needed:
COMPONENT QUANTITY
DTK-03c trainer kit 1
20Mhz dual trace CRO 1
Digital multimeter 1
1. Inverting Amplifier: In an inverting amplifier, the output voltage changes in opposite
direction to the input voltage.
Circuit Diagram:
Proteus Diagram:
Fig. Inverting Ac Amplifier (OPAMP)
Procedure: 1. Make the connection as shown in above, by selecting R1=1k ohm, R2=10k ohm.
2. Connect 0 to 5V variable supply as shown above.
3. Switch ON the power supply.
4. Adjust the input voltage as per the table below, and observe the OUTPUT voltage.
Observation Table:
INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE
0.147 -1.004
0.512 -4.74
0.572 -5.42
0.640 -6.09
0.784 -7.50
0.825 -7.95
1.030 -9.85
1.054 -9.86
1.072 -9.87
1.178 -9.89
Calculation: Gain = Vout/Vin = -5.42/0.574 = -9.44
Also, Gain = -Rf/Rin = -10k/1k = -10
Conclusion:
• Input voltage is inverted at the Output.
• Gain of the amplifier depends on feedback resistance divided by input resistance in series with the
signal.
• Inverting amplifier changes sign of input and amplitude can be controlled by feedback resistance.
• Circuit can be used as a Multiplier or Divisor by manipulating the ratio Rf/Rin, feedback resistance
by input resistance.