Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III - Central Luzon
Division of City of San Jose Del Monte Bulacan.
Reviewer
(Covers all topics in the First Periodical Exam)
1. Core Competencies of Entrepreneurs
Decision-making – Choosing the best course of action after evaluating all options.
Example: A café owner studies market demand and finances before deciding to expand.
Risk-taking – Willingness to invest time, money, and effort despite uncertainty.
Example: Launching a new product without knowing if it will succeed.
Innovation – Creating new ideas, products, or processes to improve the business.
Example: Adding new flavors to an existing best-selling snack.
Opportunity-seeking – Finding and acting on business openings.
Example: Selling snacks near schools during exam week.
Problem-solving – Finding effective solutions to business challenges.
Example: Changing fabric suppliers after customer complaints.
Proactive – Preparing for future challenges before they happen.
Example: Stocking extra goods before typhoon season.
Persuasion – Convincing others to support your idea or product.
Example: Convincing investors to fund your expansion.
2. Market Segmentation
Breaking down the market into smaller, similar groups.
Demographic – Based on age, gender, income, education, occupation.
Example: Gym offering student discounts.
Geographic – Based on location (city, region, climate).
Example: Selling winter coats only in cold areas.
Behavioral – Based on buying habits or benefits sought.
Example: Giving loyalty points to frequent buyers.
Psychographic – Based on lifestyle, values, interests.
Example: Offering eco-friendly clothes for environmentally-conscious customers.
3. Sources of Entrepreneurial Opportunities
Technological Discovery – Using new tech to create business.
Example: Using drones for delivery services.
Societal Change – Changes in culture, lifestyle, values.
Example: More demand for organic products.
Environmental Change – Natural or man-made changes.
Example: Typhoon creates demand for roofing materials.
Past Experience – Skills or knowledge from personal background.
Example: Retired teacher opens a tutorial center.
4. Business Strategies
USP (Unique Selling Proposition) – What makes your product unique.
Example: A phone with a camera feature no other brand has.
Value Proposition – Benefit or value the customer gets.
Example: Free home delivery instead of lowering prices.
Price Competition – Attracting customers by lowering prices.
Product Imitation – Copying a competitor’s product (may be improved).
5. Environmental Factors
Physical Environment – Natural surroundings like climate and geography.
Societal Environment – Political, economic, cultural, and demographic forces.
Industry Environment – Competitors, suppliers, and customers affecting business.
6. Porter’s Five Forces Model
1. Buyers’ Bargaining Power – Customers’ ability to influence prices.
2. Suppliers’ Power – Supplier control over prices and product quality.
3. Threat of Substitute Products – Other products that can replace yours.
4. Threat of New Entrants – New competitors entering the market.
5. Rivalry Among Existing Firms – Competition within the industry.
7. Types of Entrepreneurs
Innovative – Creates new ideas and products.
Imitating – Copies existing ideas but may improve them.
Fabian – Skeptical about change; adapts only when necessary.
Drone – Resists change, continues old ways even if outdated.
8. Key Business Terms
Market Size – Total potential customers for your product.
Market Share – Percentage of total sales you hold in the market.
Market Viability – Ability of a market to support a business.
Forward Integration – Selling directly to customers instead of through middlemen.
Backward Integration – Controlling your supply sources to reduce cost.