CAMBRIDGE PRIMARY SCIENCE 6 Unit 1: The Human Body – Answer Key
Worksheet 1.1 – Compare heartbeats
1a. Hummingbird
1b. Blue whale
2a. Blue whale
2b. Mouse
3a. Order by heartbeat from lowest to highest:
- Blue whale (10)
- Elephant (30)
- Human (70)
- Cat (150)
- Mouse (500)
- Hummingbird (1300)
3b. Pattern: Smaller animals have faster heartbeats, while larger animals have slower
heartbeats.
4. Conclusion: Animal heartbeat is inversely related to body size. Small animals need faster
heartbeats to supply enough energy, while large animals have slower heartbeats.
5a. Horse: about 40 beats per minute
Shrew: about 1000 beats per minute
5b. Research results:
- Horse: ~38–44 beats per minute (prediction correct)
- Shrew: ~1000 beats per minute (prediction correct)
6. When bats hibernate, their heart rate drops to about 20 beats per minute to save energy
because they are inactive and do not need much oxygen or food.
Worksheet 1.2 – The respiratory system
1. Parts to label: Nose, Mouth, Windpipe (trachea), Lungs, Diaphragm.
Part Breathing in Breathing out
Diaphragm Contracts, moves down Relaxes, moves up
Ribs Move up and out Move down and in
Chest size Becomes larger Becomes smaller
Movement of air Air goes into the lungs Air goes out of the lungs
2b. We need to breathe to take in oxygen for cellular respiration and to remove carbon
dioxide from the body.
3a. The smaller air tubes are called bronchi.
3b. The spongy air sacs are called alveoli.
4. People living at high altitudes (Andes, Himalayas) adapt by having larger lungs or more
red blood cells to absorb and transport oxygen more efficiently.
Worksheet 1.4 – Model the spread of a disease
1a. In round 1, fewer people are infected. In round 2, many more are infected because there
are more “spreaders.”
1b. In round 3, fewer people are infected because some spreaders are taken out of the game
(like quarantine or vaccination).
2a. Flu is caused by a virus.
2b. Flu spreads through droplets when people cough, sneeze, or talk, and also by touching
contaminated surfaces and then touching the eyes, nose, or mouth.
2c. The other colored sticker represents people who are protected (e.g., vaccinated,
recovered, or isolated).
3. Another way to prevent the spread of flu: wash hands frequently, wear a mask, cover
mouth and nose when coughing/sneezing, and stay home when sick.
4. In the game, some players could wear “masks” (e.g., cloth over the face) to show how
masks reduce the spread. Those players would not get infected or would be harder to infect.