1. All the numbers are complex numbers.
Examples :
2. What is i ?
How it came into existence ?
Properties of i
Leonhard Euler
Leonhard Euler was a Swiss mathematician,
physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician
and engineer who made important and
influential discoveries in many branches of
mathematics. He was first to introduce the
concept of i (iota).
Don’t contain i , after Must contain i , even after
simplifying the expression simplifying the expression
Examples : Examples :
Fallacy : 1
NO , it is a wrong statement.
Its correct explanation is given as…
Fallacy : 2
NO , these are wrong statements.
Their correct explanation is given as…
Integers
An integer is defined as a real number that can be written without a fractional
component.
0
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ,…… −1 , − 2 , − 3 , − 4 ,……
Natural Numbers
Whole Numbers or (non-negative integers)
Absolute value of a real number
The absolute value or modulus of a real number x, denoted |x|, is the
non-negative value of x without regard to its sign.
Examples :
Remember :
Standard Formulas
Factorials
▪ Factorials are very simple things. They're just products, indicated by
an exclamation mark.
▪ For instance, four factorial is written as 4! and means 1×2×3×4 = 24.
▪ In general, n! means the product of all the positive integers from 1 to
n ; that is , n! .
More Examples :
1!=1 Remember : 0 ! = 1
2 ! =1.2 = 2
3 ! =1.2.3 = 6
4 ! =[Link] = 24
…
If (3)!(5)!(7)! = N! , compute the value of N.
Types of Integers
1. Even Integers
Those integers which are divisible by 2, are called Even Integers.
Examples : { … − 6 , − 4 , − 2 , 0 , 2 , 4 , 6 … }
2. Odd Integers
Those integers which are not divisible by 2, are called Odd Integers.
Examples : { … − 5 , − 3 , − 1 , 1 , 3 , 5 … }
3. Palindromes
Those positive integers which remains the same when digits are
reversed are called palindromes.
Examples :
121 1441 4774 156651
4. Prime Numbers
Those positive integers ( ≥ 2) which are divisible by 1 or by itself only
are called prime numbers.
Examples : { 2 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 17, … }
▪ The smallest prime number is 2.
▪ Only 2 is the even prime number.
▪ 1 is not a prime number.
5. Composite Numbers
Those positive integers ( ≥ 4) which can always be factored are called
composite numbers.
Examples : { 4 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 14, … }
▪ The smallest composite number is 4.
▪ 1 is not a composite number.
Those real numbers which Those real numbers which
can be expressed as ratio are not rational are called
of two integers are called irrational numbers.
rational numbers. Examples :
Examples : 2 , , 3 7 , e , ,sin10 , log 2 7,...
1 22 5 0 3
, − , , , − ,...
2 7 1 1 1
Non-terminating
but Rational
Repeating Numbers
Rational Neither-terminating
Numbers nor
Repeating
Irrational
Numbers
Fallacy : 3
NO , it is a wrong statement.
Its correct explanation is given as…
Fallacy : 4
NO , it is a wrong statement.
Its correct explanation is given as…
Fact Files
The T2K-Tsukuba System,
a supercomputer at the
University of Tsukuba of
Tokyo, has calculated
the value of pi to more
than 2.5 trillion decimal
places, a record.
e The Euler’s Number
Theorem
Same
Irrational number
Standard symbols of numbers