BUILDING MATERIALS
RESEARCH WORK
REINFORCE STEEL
BARS
REIGN LUIS B. ARCE AR. BERLIN GUANLAO
STUDENT INSTRUCTOR
REBARS
(short for reinforcing bar), known when massed
as reinforcing steel or reinforcement steel, is a
steel bar used as a tension device in reinforced
concrete and reinforced masonry structures to
strengthen and aid the concrete under tension.
Concrete is strong under compression, but has
low tensile strength.
It is used in bridges, buildings, skyscrapers,
homes, warehouses, and foundations to increase
the strength of a concrete structure.
REBAR SIZES
Deformed reinforcing steel bar is one kind of reinforcing
steel bars. Commonly, its surface has ribs which has three
kinds of shape: spiral shape, herringbone shape and crescent
shape. Deformed reinforcing steel bar with high strength can
be directly used in the reinforced concrete structure and also
can be used as prestressed reinforcing bar after cold drawing.
Because of its great flexibility, it is widely used in many fields
as construction material.
Pag-asa Steel rebars come in the following commercial
lengths: 6.0m, 7.5m, 9.0m, 10.5m, and 12.0 m. Special
lengths of 13.5 and 15.0 meters may be produced via special
order. The cut length of a rebar should not be shorter than
the specified commercial lengths according to the PNS
49:2020 standards.
REBAR SIZES
Spiral Rebar for concrete, is the first major improvement
in rebar design in nearly 150 years. Spiral Rebar's hi-tech
Helix design improves surface adhesion and reduces the
amount of steel required by 30% to 60% dependent on the
rebar grade.
Herringbone stitch is a versatile stitch used for a
border or as a filling stitch (filling an area within
border lines). Varying the texture of the thread can
make this stitch heavier or lighter in appearance.
Patterns can emerge by varying the position of each
row of stitches
BUILDING MATERIALS
RESEARCH WORK
COMMON DEFECTS ON
WOODS
REIGN LUIS B. ARCE AR. BERLIN GUANLAO
STUDENT INSTRUCTOR
COMMON DEFECTS ON WOODS
Wind cracks in timber refer to wood that's been exposed to
strong wind. This can cause the wood to shrink, creating
cracks in the outer surface which leaves the wood
vulnerable.
Shakes are a defined lengthwise separation of the wood
along the grain, usually occurring between or through the
rings of annual growth.
Ring galls These types of wood defects occur when a tree
branch is incorrectly removed and is characterised by a
growth of layers forming a callous over an injured part of
the tree.
COMMON DEFECTS ON WOODS
Knots are imperfections from branches that cause living
wood grain to grow around them. These imperfections are
just part of what makes wood a beautiful material with
which to work, but can also contribute to possible defects in
structural strength for construction lumber.
Dry rot is the most serious form of fungal decay. It attacks
the timber in buildings, digesting the parts of the timber that
give it its strength. It can spread without any source of
moisture because it is able to generate moisture through the
digestion of timber.
Wood warping is a deviation from flatness in timber as a
result of internal residual stress caused by uneven shrinkage.
Warping primarily occurs due to uneven expansion or
contraction caused by changes in moisture content.