1. Who led the Adal invasion against Christian Ethiopia in the 16th century?

C) 1575

A) Imam Ahmad "Gragn" D) 1600

B) Ras Mikael Sehul Answer: B

C) Emperor Fasilides 5. Which battle marked the defeat of Adal Sultanate’s dominance?

D) Kassa Hailu A) Battle of Woina Dega

Answer: A B) Battle of Deresge

2. One reason for Imam Ahmad’s success was: C) Battle of Ayshal

A) European firearms D) Battle of Gur Amba

B) Support from Oromo clans Answer: A

C) Jesuit missionaries 6. What was a long-term effect of Imam Ahmad’s campaigns?

D) Weak Christian leadership A) More Portuguese influence

Answer: B B) Power rise of Gondar

3. Imam Ahmad united which groups under his jihad? C) Oromo population movement

A) Oromo and Amhara D) Decline of Christian Empire

B) Harari, Somali, Afar, and others Answer: C

C) Portuguese and Turks 7. The Gadaa system belonged to:

D) Oromo Gada factions A) Hararis

Answer: B B) Somali sultanate

4. The war ended around the year: C) Oromo people

A) 1529 D) Christian nobility

B) 1543 Answer: C
8. Imam Ahmad’s jihad caused: C) Ottoman invasion

A) Ottoman colonization D) Jesuit conversion

B) Reversal of Portuguese help Answer: B

C) Massive destruction and societal breakdown 12. Oromo expansion resulted in:

D) Stability in trade routes A) Church dominance

Answer: C B) Cultural mixing and intermarriage

9. Christian–Muslim wars led to: C) Oromo abandoning Gadaa

A) Cultural syncretism D) End of Gondar

B) Isolation of Ethiopia Answer: B

C) Permanent Portuguese rule 13. Northern Christian states responded by:

D) Oromo exodus A) Isolating

Answer: A B) Inviting Jesuits

10. After 1543, the Ethiopian Empire shifted its capital to: C) Seeking Portuguese aid

A) Lalibela D) Migrating

B) Gondar Answer: C

C) Shewa 14. Which system governed Oromo age classes?

D) Axum A) Solomonic

Answer: B B) Gadaa

11. One cause of Oromo expansion was: C) Rasbitwad

A) Trade with Europe D) Yejju

B) Population and climate pressure Answer: B

A) Unity of the empire D) Limmu-Enarya

B) Political fragmentation Answer: C

C) Abolition of monarchy 19. Oromo social structure was:

D) European peace treaties A) Feudal

Answer: B B) Islamic

16. The Gibe monarchies emerged due to: C) Democratic through Gadaa

A) Jesuit influence D) Militaristic monarchy

B) Trade and Oromo movement Answer: C

C) Ottoman trade 20. European missionaries in Unit 7 were mostly:

D) Portuguese enforcements A) Protestant

Answer: B B) Jesuit (Catholic)

17. Oromo migrations impacted: C) Orthodox

A) Isolation of regions D) Methodist

B) Cultural homogenization Answer: B

C) New southern polities 21. Who founded Gondar as the Ethiopian capital?

D) Destruction of Gondar A) Emperor Fasilides

Answer: C B) Susenyos

18. Which Oromo state is NOT a Gibe kingdom? C) Tekle Giyorgis

A) Gomma D) Iyoas

B) Gumma Answer: A
22. Best-known architectural work in Gondar is: C) Democratic leaders

A) Lalibela churches D) Self‑appointed Ras

B) Fasil Ghebbi Answer: B

C) Harar city walls 26. "Mesafint" translates to:

D) Aksum obelisks A) Judges

Answer: B B) Princes

23. Gondarine era ended when: C) Warlords

A) Oromo migrations increased D) Teachers

B) Ras Mikael Sehul killed Iyoas I Answer: B

C) Emperor Tewodros took power 27. Which warlord family dominated?

D) Portuguese intervened A) Solomonic

Answer: B B) Yejju (Were Sheikh)

24. Start of Zemene Mesafint coincides with: C) Oromo Gibe

A) 1543 D) Portuguese

B) 1769 Answer: B

C) 1855 28. Yejju ruling period lasted:

D) 1700 A) 1786–1853

Answer: B B) 1636–1769

25. During Zemene Mesafint, emperors were: C) 1855–1900

A) Absolute rulers D) 1543–1769

B) Figureheads controlled by warlords Answer: A

A) Centralized authority D) Jesuit takeover

B) Warlords’ dominance Answer: B

C) European colonization 33. Key Yejju leader c. 1786:

D) Peace treaties A) Ras Mikael Sehul

Answer: B B) Ali I (Ali Gwangul)

30. Another characteristic was: C) Kassa Hailu

A) Economic boom D) Ras Gugsa

B) Lawlessness and disorder Answer: B

C) Complete isolation 34. Yejju reached peak under:

D) Monarchical expansion A) Ras Mikael

Answer: B B) Ras Gugsa

31. Which position held real power? C) Tewodros II

A) Emperor D) Ras Ali II

B) Rasbitweded (king-maker) Answer: B

C) Jesuit bishop 35. Which region was NOT part of their dominance?**

D) Oromo Gadaa elder A) Tigray

Answer: B B) Semien

32. What weakened Church's unifying role? C) Harar

A) Ottoman conquest D) Shewa

B) Religious disputes Answer: C

A) Enjoyed prosperity D) Dejazmach Wube

B) Paid heavy tribute and endured war Answer: A

C) Were mostly bandits 40. Series of defeats by Kassa included:

D) Emigrated to Europe A) Battle of Ayshal

Answer: B B) Battle of Deresge

37. Trade in this era was: C) Gur Amba

A) Thriving D) All of the above

B) Stagnant due to conflict & taxation Answer: D

C) Export-only based 41. Match leader to region:

D) Centralized via Gondar A. Ras Mikael Sehul → Tigray

Answer: B B. Ras Ali II → Yejju/Wollo

38. The era ended when: C. Dejazmach Wube → Semien/Tigray

A) Oromo ceased migration D. Sahle Selassie → Shewa

B) Tewodros II reunified Ethiopia (1855) Answer: A-Tigray, B-Wollo, C-Semien, D-Shewa

C) Italians colonized 42. Start of Zemene Mesafint marked by:

D) Gondar collapsed A) Oromo migration

Answer: B B) First Yejju regent’s ascent

39. Emperor Tewodros II was formerly: C) Assassination of Iyoas I in 1769

A) Kassa Hailu D) Portuguese withdrawal

B) Ras Mikael Answer: C

A) Ras Ali II died B) False

B) Tewodros II became emperor Answer: B

C) Gondar was destroyed 48. True or False: Trade increased during Zemene Mesafint.

D) Italians invaded A) True

Answer: B B) False

44. Similarity in Units 6 & 7: Answer: B

A) European colonization 49. True or False: Yejju dynasty had Oromo-Muslim origins.

B) Centralized rule A) True

C) Warfare and conflict B) False

D) Economic isolation Answer: A

Answer: C 50. True or False: Tewodros II’s reign began in 1855.

45. True or False: Imam Ahmad coordinated Oromo in his jihad. A) True

A) True B) False

B) False Answer: A

Answer: A

46. True or False: The Gadaa system was egalitarian.

A) True

B) False

Answer: A

47. True or False: Zemene Mesafint brought stable governance.