X Simple Microscope Compóund Microscope >
Eypiece Les
Tbe
Simple
LoerocoP
(circa 18) Revchrg osepiece
Cowse Focus
F e Focu
Obieche Lerees Raca Saog
Staoevn Stage Cips
Bane
Has only one magnifying lens Has two magnifying lenses
No objectives - Oculars / eyepiece
Objectives
Date
Page
Ophcal Instru pments
a
Conveaging (ens o omald ocal lenqthwhich
CIOSLOPe foms viYual
enlavgedimage o object.
(a) when imaqe is at DDV
A' A
Eye tocsed on
neav pont
m = f-U
D 25 Cm
hee 9-D
f -(-D)
M |+ D
cb when image s at infini ky
Fist let's deine angular magnitcahonImagitying
Angle Subtended by final image On eye
Ange Aubtended by actual cbËect
naked eye when obict is kept at LDDV.
D
(b)
m
-f
Eye focussed
at infinity
comparision of Linear dimension
Comparision of Angular
dimenstions
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The lens dose to objet o Called
The lens close to
ohjechve lens
Cale d
eye piea lens
obj,
objachiue eye
(ers
pieca
Dlhechue lens Shold have sm ocal lenath to (to
enswe
imaqe Fomed by obeLhve uns ia vel), aned it
should hawe small
apeutuce | o avoid fomaton of
oihea neasby objelts )
Eye piece has langor focal length Fe. to ensure inage
by eye piece should be irkuar | ancl it haas larqer
apeakuee to ensue
gocd inlensiky of final image
(a' for image at LDDV
leye
obj
The image fotmed by chjeChive lens is Yeal,
inveated and magijed which seves the pupee
age piee lens.
ol ceject(oa wocks ike sim ple microsLope which
Eye piea lens
33
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a compound micrc
Compound Microscope : The lens nearest tt
1. Construction
forms a real, inver
(a) LDDV (b)infinity A
h B Eyepiece object. This serves
2. Ray diagram
3. Working
4. Magnification B'! B h E
lens,the eyepiece,
like asimple micro
Objective A the final image, wl
The first inverted
A'B' is img formed by Obj
within) the focal
lens,which will be obj for distance approprii
Eyepiece lens
its Real ,Inverted and largerat infinity, or a litt
then object AB
at the near point.
¤. inverted with resp
A"B" is Final image ( Virtual, Inverted, Enlarged)
850 y1100 in
FIGIIRE Q 21 Rav diadram for the We now obtair
NCERT9.11 9.12
enlaged and viyL
imege which n
produces linal wrt
objec
inveuted
Fnal imaqe is
magnlicaion in his
Net whee M- net magni7icahon
net
qiven by Mamyme
wagnitying pouex
Mmagnilicabon prolued by cojeciue lny
m lineav
me
maqnilicahon podued by eye pieu
to
obj lens
L
M, L
A
AB f
A'B'= AB
L
fo
A'B L
AB
M
fo
|+ D
fe
Bepauaton btw.
and
Image oarmed by itit is NoT
o compound ricAOALOpe).
* lo obkain igh magnilicahon M One
shoud take
smal vaues
posibla.
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also refer NCERT Do same as case I
k-u-tfo
A
B Eyepiece
m, Do as done in
SM
B
E
Objective A
Angular Mag
át infinity A
fo
FIGURE 9.31 Ray diagram for the
formation of image by a compound
microscope, whon as at infinits
b) whenen final imaqe iAis at infinity
((eye
B
image af oo
L= Sepasaion beken lens Ctotfe)
tube length
M=
angular magriticabion by eyepieca lens
Telesccpe
eleye
at
Image
Wsed to provide angula magni7icahion o!
destant objects so fhey Can ke sln we Aowed
om each othe.
35
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to solve Questions of Comp
Microscope : this is 9.11 (a))
1. ifimage is at infinity : formula
can be used to get ans of magnification
2. Where ever be the img( LDDV
infinity or in between), consider it
like a simple Two lens problem and
work out to the ans easilyto find obj dis etc. et
3. Dont try to use any direct
formula if img is Not at infinite Now
ANSWERS
(b) to find obj distance
y=6.25. I102 is at 8.75 from objective lens.
apply lans formula for obj lens to get X=2.5
for (25
magnihion M= 2 61Sx
WeA
Aom each ohe.
235
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Page
kobjechie lens .has laxges ca tengin (o enswe
magnilicahan) aad its lasqe apAkuc taa beight ane
cdeau imaqe
*Anqulau Maaniljicahon o kelesope in deljinecl as Me B
whue p is angle subtended by hoal final Imaqe on eye
o is ange subtended by coject on
by ciject eed eye oY objeche
on naked'
lehs
.e'
tan
A,
n( A
Total lenqth of
Sepaxabon bekweentelesLope tube will be fotfa
both lemes which i
fa Hinal image
Foarmed to be veuy
kned iy chjeche lauge and a oo,lMa
fous lens should be
eyee piece
piece ens:
Objective k
Eyepiece
B E
B
77
.-
finity A tye
lens
FIGURE 9.32 A refracting telescope.
The diameter of moon is 3.5x 10 km and its distance from earth is 3.8 x 105 km. It is seen
by a telescope having focal lengths of objective and eye piece as 4 mand 1omrespectively.
The diameter of the image of the moon is nearly
2° 20° 40° 50°,
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Recording On
are reTTU aiy u Ur Cmumatic aberration and distortions.
For these reasons, modern telescopes use a
concave mirror rat
than a lens for theobjective. Telescopes with mirror objectives are cal
reflecting telescopes. They have several advantages. First, there is
retlechg telerhe chromatic aberration ina mirror. Second, if a parabolic reflecting surf
over refratng is chosen, spherical aberration is also removed. Mechanical support
much less of a problem since a mirror weighs much less than a lens
telose equivalent optical quality, and can
advantage supported over its entire back surface.
Objective just over its rim. One obvious problem wit
mirror a problem with this set up
Secondary
miror
Eyepiece
FIGURE 9.33 Schematic diagram of a reflecting
telescope (Cassegrain).