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Simple Microscope Overview and Function

The document compares simple and compound microscopes, highlighting their construction and functioning. A simple microscope uses a single lens for magnification, while a compound microscope employs two lenses to form a real, inverted, and enlarged image. Additionally, it discusses the principles of angular magnification and the use of telescopes, including the advantages of reflecting telescopes over refracting ones.

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M. Varesh
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
24 views14 pages

Simple Microscope Overview and Function

The document compares simple and compound microscopes, highlighting their construction and functioning. A simple microscope uses a single lens for magnification, while a compound microscope employs two lenses to form a real, inverted, and enlarged image. Additionally, it discusses the principles of angular magnification and the use of telescopes, including the advantages of reflecting telescopes over refracting ones.

Uploaded by

M. Varesh
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

X Simple Microscope Compóund Microscope >

Eypiece Les

Tbe

Simple
LoerocoP
(circa 18) Revchrg osepiece
Cowse Focus
F e Focu

Obieche Lerees Raca Saog


Staoevn Stage Cips

Bane

Has only one magnifying lens Has two magnifying lenses


No objectives - Oculars / eyepiece
Objectives
Date
Page

Ophcal Instru pments


a
Conveaging (ens o omald ocal lenqthwhich
CIOSLOPe foms viYual
enlavgedimage o object.
(a) when imaqe is at DDV

A' A

Eye tocsed on
neav pont

m = f-U
D 25 Cm

hee 9-D
f -(-D)

M |+ D

cb when image s at infini ky

Fist let's deine angular magnitcahonImagitying

Angle Subtended by final image On eye

Ange Aubtended by actual cbËect


naked eye when obict is kept at LDDV.
D

(b)

m
-f

Eye focussed
at infinity
comparision of Linear dimension
Comparision of Angular
dimenstions
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The lens dose to objet o Called


The lens close to
ohjechve lens
Cale d
eye piea lens
obj,
objachiue eye
(ers
pieca

Dlhechue lens Shold have sm ocal lenath to (to


enswe
imaqe Fomed by obeLhve uns ia vel), aned it
should hawe small
apeutuce | o avoid fomaton of
oihea neasby objelts )
Eye piece has langor focal length Fe. to ensure inage
by eye piece should be irkuar | ancl it haas larqer
apeakuee to ensue
gocd inlensiky of final image

(a' for image at LDDV

leye
obj

The image fotmed by chjeChive lens is Yeal,


inveated and magijed which seves the pupee
age piee lens.
ol ceject(oa wocks ike sim ple microsLope which
Eye piea lens
33

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Home Tools Geo. [Link] NCERT 12 [Link]
200%
36 /254

a compound micrc
Compound Microscope : The lens nearest tt
1. Construction
forms a real, inver
(a) LDDV (b)infinity A
h B Eyepiece object. This serves
2. Ray diagram
3. Working
4. Magnification B'! B h E
lens,the eyepiece,
like asimple micro
Objective A the final image, wl
The first inverted
A'B' is img formed by Obj
within) the focal
lens,which will be obj for distance approprii
Eyepiece lens
its Real ,Inverted and largerat infinity, or a litt
then object AB
at the near point.
¤. inverted with resp
A"B" is Final image ( Virtual, Inverted, Enlarged)
850 y1100 in
FIGIIRE Q 21 Rav diadram for the We now obtair
NCERT9.11 9.12

enlaged and viyL


imege which n
produces linal wrt
objec
inveuted
Fnal imaqe is

magnlicaion in his
Net whee M- net magni7icahon
net
qiven by Mamyme
wagnitying pouex
Mmagnilicabon prolued by cojeciue lny
m lineav
me
maqnilicahon podued by eye pieu

to

obj lens

L
M, L
A
AB f
A'B'= AB
L
fo
A'B L
AB

M
fo
|+ D

fe

Bepauaton btw.
and
Image oarmed by itit is NoT
o compound ricAOALOpe).
* lo obkain igh magnilicahon M One
shoud take
smal vaues
posibla.
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also refer NCERT Do same as case I

k-u-tfo
A
B Eyepiece
m, Do as done in
SM
B
E

Objective A

Angular Mag

át infinity A
fo
FIGURE 9.31 Ray diagram for the
formation of image by a compound
microscope, whon as at infinits
b) whenen final imaqe iAis at infinity

((eye
B

image af oo
L= Sepasaion beken lens Ctotfe)
tube length

M=

angular magriticabion by eyepieca lens

Telesccpe

eleye

at
Image
Wsed to provide angula magni7icahion o!
destant objects so fhey Can ke sln we Aowed
om each othe.
35
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to solve Questions of Comp


Microscope : this is 9.11 (a))
1. ifimage is at infinity : formula
can be used to get ans of magnification
2. Where ever be the img( LDDV
infinity or in between), consider it
like a simple Two lens problem and
work out to the ans easilyto find obj dis etc. et
3. Dont try to use any direct
formula if img is Not at infinite Now

ANSWERS

(b) to find obj distance


y=6.25. I102 is at 8.75 from objective lens.
apply lans formula for obj lens to get X=2.5
for (25
magnihion M= 2 61Sx
WeA
Aom each ohe.
235
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Page

kobjechie lens .has laxges ca tengin (o enswe


magnilicahan) aad its lasqe apAkuc taa beight ane
cdeau imaqe
*Anqulau Maaniljicahon o kelesope in deljinecl as Me B
whue p is angle subtended by hoal final Imaqe on eye
o is ange subtended by coject on
by ciject eed eye oY objeche
on naked'
lehs

.e'

tan
A,

n( A

Total lenqth of
Sepaxabon bekweentelesLope tube will be fotfa
both lemes which i
fa Hinal image
Foarmed to be veuy
kned iy chjeche lauge and a oo,lMa
fous lens should be
eyee piece
piece ens:
Objective k
Eyepiece

B E
B

77
.-
finity A tye
lens
FIGURE 9.32 A refracting telescope.
The diameter of moon is 3.5x 10 km and its distance from earth is 3.8 x 105 km. It is seen
by a telescope having focal lengths of objective and eye piece as 4 mand 1omrespectively.
The diameter of the image of the moon is nearly
2° 20° 40° 50°,
SLamP Spotlight Eraser Format Undo Redo Clear Save
2 Who can see what you share here?
Recording On
are reTTU aiy u Ur Cmumatic aberration and distortions.
For these reasons, modern telescopes use a
concave mirror rat
than a lens for theobjective. Telescopes with mirror objectives are cal
reflecting telescopes. They have several advantages. First, there is
retlechg telerhe chromatic aberration ina mirror. Second, if a parabolic reflecting surf
over refratng is chosen, spherical aberration is also removed. Mechanical support
much less of a problem since a mirror weighs much less than a lens
telose equivalent optical quality, and can
advantage supported over its entire back surface.
Objective just over its rim. One obvious problem wit
mirror a problem with this set up
Secondary
miror

Eyepiece

FIGURE 9.33 Schematic diagram of a reflecting


telescope (Cassegrain).

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