CHAPTER 6
COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS
Q-1 A certain multiplexer can switch one of 32 data inputs to its output. How many
different inputs does this MUX have?
A-1 As 2m = n
Therefore, 2m = 32 where n: inputs; m: selection inputs
or 2m = 32
or m = 5.
Q-2 An 8-to-1 MUX has inputs A, B and C connected to the selection inputs S2, S1
and S0 respectively. The data inputs, D0 through D7, are as follows: D1 = D2 = D7 =
0; D3 = D5 = 1; D0 = D4 = D; D6 = D . Determine the Boolean expression that the
MUX implements.
A-2 Let ABC be the data select inputs of the multiplexer. The implementation of the
table to decide the inputs of the multiplexer is shown in the following table.
The truth table can be constructed from the above table as
D C B A Y
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 0
The logic function can be constructed from the table as
EN
A S0
B S1
S2
C
D0
D
D1 Y = ABCD + ABCD + ABCD
+ABCD + ABCD +ABCD + ABCD
D2
+Vcc D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
Q-3 Implement the following Boolean function with a 4-to-1 MUX and external gates.
Connect inputs A and B to the selection lines. The input requirements of the four
data lines will be a function of variables C and D. These values are obtained by
expressing F as a function of C and D for each of the four cases when AB – 00,
01, 10 and 11. These functions may have to be implemented with external gates.
F(A, B, C, D) = ∑(1, 3, 4, 11, 12, 13, 15)
A-3 The K-map for the above function is
CD
AB 00 01 11 10
00 1 1 0
0
01 0 0 0
1
1
11 1 1 0
10 0 0 1 0
From the above K-map, the values of the functions can be calculated as
When AB = 00, F = D
When AB = 01, F = CD = ( C + D )
When AB = 10, F = CD
When AB = 11, F = 1
The logic function can be constructed using the above K-map as
A S0
B S1
+VCC D3
C
D2
D
4 - to - 1
C MUX Y
D1
D
D D0
Q-4 Implement the logic functions specified in the following table using IC 74151
data selector.
A-4 Let ABC be the data select inputs of the multiplexer. The implementation of the
table to decide the inputs of the multiplexer is shown in the following table.
The implementation of the logic function given in the above table using 74151 IC
is shown in the following figure.
EN
A S0
B S1
C S2 Y = ABCD + ABCD + ABCD +
74151
MUX ABCD + ABCD + ABCD +
D D0
ABCD + ABCD + ABCD
D1
+Vcc D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
Q-5 Show how a 16-input MUX such as IC 74150 is used to generate the function
Y = ABCD + BCD + ABC + ABCD
A-5 Y = ABCD + BCD + ABC + ABCD
( ) (
Y = ABCD + BCD A + A + ABC D + D + ABCD )
= ABCD + ABCD + ABCD + ABCD + ABCD + ABCD
The table for the above logic function is
The implementation of the logic function given in the above table using 74150 IC
is shown in the following figure.
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7
0 (1) 2 3 4 5 6 7
D
D (8) (9) 10 (11) 12 13 (14) (15)
EN EN
A S0 A S0
B S1 B S1
C S2 C S2
D D0 D D8
+Vcc D1 +Vcc D9
D2 D10
D3 D11
D4 D12
D5 D13
D6 D14
D7 D15
Q-6 The circuit of the following figure shows how an 8-bit MUX can be used to
generate a four-variable logic function even though the MUX has only 3 SELECT
inputs. Three of the logic variables A, B and C are connected to the SELECT
inputs.
The fourth variable D and its inverse D are connected to selected data inputs of
the MUX as required by the desired logic function. The other MUX data inputs
are tied to a LOW or a HIGH as required by the function.
(a) Setup a truth table showing the output Y for the 16 possible combinations
of input variables.
(b) Write the sum-of-products expression for Y and simplify it to verify that
Y = CBA + DCBA + DCBA
+5V
EN D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7
A S0
B S1 74151 MUX
C S2
A-6 (a) The truth table for the above circuit is
D C B A Y
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 0
(b) From the above table, the output is HIGH when the value of Y is
ABC D + ABC D + ABC D + ABC D = ABC + ABC D + ABC D
Q-7 If the data-select inputs to the multiplexer in the following figure are sequenced as
shown by the waveforms, determine the output waveform with the following data
inputs: D0 = 0, D1 = 1, D2 = 1, D3 = 0.
S0 S1 D0 D1 D2 D3
MUX Y
S0
S1
A-7 The table for above data inputs is
The truth table for above table is
C B A Y
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0
Thus, the wave forms can be constructed using the above truth table as
S0
S1
Q-8 Determine the logic required to decode the binary number 10112 by producing a
HIGH indication on the output.
A-8 The logic required to decode the binary number 10112 is D C BA.
Q-9 A 3-to-8 decoder can be used for binary-to-octal decoding. When 1012 is on the
inputs, which output line is activated?
A-9 When 1012 is on the inputs, the output 5 is activated.
Q-10 How many IC 74154-4-16 decoders are necessary to decode a six-bit binary
number?
A-10 Four IC 74154-4-16 decoders are necessary to decode a six-bit binary number.
Q-11 Would you select a decoder/driver with active-HIGH or active-LOW outputs to
drive a common anode seven-segment LED display?
A-11 Active-LOW output has to be selected to drive a common anode seven-segment
LED display.
Q-12 Determine which output is LOW for each set of inputs to a IC 74154 decoder.
(a) DCBA = 1100
(b) DCBA = 1000
(c) DCBA = 0010
A-12 (a) 12th output is LOW
(b) 8th output is LOW
(c) 2nd output is LOW
Q-13 IC 74147-decimal-BCD priority encoder has the following input pins LOW: 3, 4,
and 7. the other inputs are HIGH. What BCD code is on the output?
A-13 The truth table, when the input 7 is LOW is
Inputs Outputs
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 A B C D
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
X X X X X X X X 0 0 1 1 0
X X X X X X X 0 1 0 1 1 1
X X X X X X 0 1 1 1 0 0 0
X X X X X 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
X X X X 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
X X X 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
X X 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
X 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
In the above truth table, the levels at X3 and X4 do not matter. Thus, the output
will be 1000, which is the complement of BCD 7.
Q-14 Convert the following BCD into binary
(a) 10010011
(b) 01100111
A-14 (a)
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
(b)
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
Q-15 ABCD-seven segment decoder/driver is connected to an LED display. Which
segments are illuminated for each of the following input codes?
(a) DCBA = 0001
(b) DCBA = 0111
(c) DCBA = 0011(considering D as MSB & A as LSB)
A-15 (a) Segments b and c will be illuminated for 0001 code.
(b) Segments a, b and c will be illuminated for 0111 code.
(c) Segments a, b, c, d and g will be illuminated for 0011 code.
Q-16 Show the logic required to convert a 10-bit binary number to Gray code and use
the logic to convert the following binary code words to Gray code:
(a) 1010101010
(b) 1111100000
(c) 0000001110
(d) 1111111111
A-16 The logic for converting 10-bit binary number to Gray code is shown in the
following figure.
Binary
B0 Gray
G0 (LSB)
B1
G1
B2
G2
B3
G3
B4
G4
B5
G5
B6
G6
B7
G7
B8
G8
B9 G9 (MSB)
The steps to convert the Binary code to gray equivalent are:
1. The MSB is the same as that of the Binary code bit.
2. The second bit of the gray code equals the exclusive-OR of the first and
second binary bits ie, it will be 1 if the binary bits are different and 0 if
they are the same.
3. The third gray bit equals the exclusive-OR of the second and third bits of
the binary number, and so on.
(a) 1010101010
The Gray code equivalent of the binary number using the above logic is shown in
the following figure.
Binary
Gray
0 1 (LSB)
1
1
0
1
1
1
0 1
1 1
0 1
1 1
0 1
1 1 (MSB)
Note: Problems 16(b) and (c) can be solved in the similar manner that is followed in the
solution of problem 16(a).
Q-17 Show the logic required to convert a 10-bit Gray code to binary and use the logic
to convert the following Gray code to binary:
(a) 1010000000
(b) 0011001100
(c) 1111000111
(d) 0000000001
A-17 The logic for converting 10-bit Gray code to binary number is shown in the
following figure.
Gray
G0 Binary
B0 (LSB)
G1
B1
G2 B2
G3 B3
G4
B4
G5
B5
G6 B6
G7
B7
G8
B8
G9 B9 (MSB)
(a) 1010000000
The binary equivalent of the Gray code using the above logic is shown in the
following figure.
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
1
0
0
1
1 1
Note: Problems 17(b) and (c) can be solved in the similar manner that is followed in
problem 17(a).
Q-18 Convert the following decimal numbers first to BCD. Using the logical operation
of the BCD-to-binary converter, convert the BCD to binary. Verify the resulting
each case.
(a) 2
(b) 8
(c) 13
(d) 26
(e) 33
A-18 (a) The BCD equivalent of 2 is 0010.
The binary equivalent of 0010 is
Note: Problems 18(b), (c), (d) and (e) can be solved in the similar manner that is
followed in problem 18(a).
Q-19 Use IC 7485 comparators to form a twelve-bit comparator. Illustrate with a
diagram.
A-19 The twelve-bit comparator using IC 7485 is
+5V
A11A10A9A8 B11B10 B9 B8 A7 A6 A5 A4 B7 B6 B5 B4 A3 A2 A1 A0 B3 B2 B1 B0
< < >
7485(3) = 7485(2) = 7485(1) =
> > <
A<B A=B A>B A<B A=B A>B
A<B A=B A>B
Q-20 IC 7485-4-bit magnitude comparator has A = 1011 and B = 1001.
(a) Determine the outputs.
(b) Show how to connect <, =, and > inputs if this is to be the least significant
stage.
A-20 (a) The output of the comparison of the two numbers is shown in the following
table.
(b) <, =, and > can be connected as shown in the following figure