FLUID MECHANICS

01 Proper ties of F
operties luid
Fluid

2σ 6σ
(c) ΔP = (d) ΔP =
d d

1. Viscosity has the following dimensions: 7. Which of the following instrument is used to
(a) MLT–2 (b) ML–1T–2 measure the specific gravity of liquid?
–2
(c) ML T –2 (d) ML–1T–1 (a) Hydrometer
(b) Densitometer
2. Unit of Kinematic viscosity is
(c) Differential manometer
(a) m/sec2 (b) m2/sec
(d) Hygrometer
(c) m/sec (d) m2/sec3
8. Select the correct statement
3. Newton’s law of viscosity states that
(a) Viscosity of gas increases with temperature
(a) Shear stress is directly proportional to
(b) Density of gas increase with temperature
velocity
(c) Surface tension of liquid increases with
(b) Shear stress is directly proportional to
temperature
velocity gradient
(d) Bulk modulus is independent of temperature
(c) Shear stress is directly proportional to shear
strain 9. A liquid compressed in cylinder has a volume of
(d) Shear stress is directly proportional to 0.04 m3 at 50 kg/cm2 and a volume of 0.039 m3
viscosity at 150 kg/cm2. The bulk modulus of elasticity of
liquid is
4. Dimension of surface tension is
(a) 400 kg/cm2
(a) MT2T–2 (b) MT–2
–1 –2 (b) 40 × 106 kg/cm2
(c) ML T (d) MT–1
(c) 40 × 105 kg/cm2
5. Kinematic viscosity of air at 20°C is given to be (d) 4000 kg/cm2
1.6 × 10–5 m2/s. Its kinematic viscosity at 70°C
10. Which of the following is unitless?
will be approximately
(a) Kinematic viscosity
(a) 2.2 × 10–5 m2/s (b) 1.6 × 10–5 m2/s
–5
(c) 1.2 × 10 m /s2 (d) 3.2 × 10–5 m2/s (b) Bulk modulus
(c) Surface tension
6. The pressure difference between the inside and (d) Strain
outside of a liquid droplet of diameter ‘d’ due to
surface tension (σ) is given by the relation 11. If the diameter of a capillary tube is doubled,
4σ 8σ the capillary rise will become
(a) ΔP = (b) ΔP = (a) 2 times less (b) double
d d
(c) half (d) 2 times more

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12. In CGS unit, dynamic viscosity is expressed as: 19. A liquid has a specific gravity of 1.9 and a
(a) Poise (b) Pa-s kinematic viscosity of 6 stokes. What is the
(c) Stoke (d) None of the above dynamic viscosity?
(a) 1.14 Ns/m2 (b) 2.44 Ns/m2
13. The shear developed in lubricating oil, of (c) 3.40 Ns/m2 (d) 11.40 Ns/m2
viscosity 9.81 poise, filled between two parallel
plates 1 cm apart and moving with relative Answer Key
velocity of 2 m/s is
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (b)
(a) 196.2 N/m2 (b) 20 N/m2
(c) 40 N/m2 (d) 29.62 N/m2 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (a)

14. The capillary rise at 20°C in a clean glass tube of 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (d)
1 mm bore containing water is approximately: 10. (d) 11. (c) 12. (a)
(a) 5 mm (b) 10 mm
13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (c)
(c) 20 mm (d) 30 mm
16. (a) 17. (b) 18. (c)
15. The printer’s link is an example of
(a) Newtonian fluid (b) Ideal fluid 19. (a)
(c) Thixotropic fluid (d) Plastic fluid

16. Compressibility is equal to

dV / V dp
(a) − (b) 1. The surface tension at the soap-air interface is
dp −(dV / V )
0.1 N/m. The internal pressure in the soap
dp dp bubbles of 32 mm diameter is ____ N/m2.
(c) (d) (a) 12.5 (b) 25
dp dp
(c) 37.5 (d) 50
17. Oil in a hydraulic cylinder is compressed from
2. Two large horizontal surfaces are 2 cm apart.
an initial volume 2 m3 to 1.96 m3 and the pressure
The space between the surface is filled with the
increase is from 40 MPa to 80 MPa. The bulk
fluid of dynamic viscosity of 8 poise. What will
modulus of elasticity of oil is
be the force required to large a very thin plate of
(a) 1000 MPa (b) 2000 MPa surface area 1 m2 between the two large plane
(c) 4000 MPa (d) 8000 MPa surface with the speed of 0.5 m/s. The thin plate
18
18.. A Newtonian fluid is one for which is equidistance of 1 cm from each large plane
m
surface. Buoyancy and gravitational effect are
⎛ ∂u ⎞ considered. To the negligible.
(a) τ = μ ⎜ ⎟ · m ≠ 1
⎝ ∂y ⎠ (a) 0.8 N (b) 8 N
∂u (c) 80 N (d) 800 N
(b) τ = τc + μ
∂y
3. A plate weighing 150 N and measuring
∂u 0.8 × 0.8 m2 just slides down an inclined plane
(c) τ = μ
∂y over an oil film of 1.2 mm thickness for an
m
⎛ ∂u ⎞ inclination of 30° and velocity of 0.2 m/s. Then
(d) τ = τc + μ ⎜ ⎟ ·m ≠ 1 the viscosity of the oil used is
⎝ ∂y ⎠
(a) 0.3 Ns/m2 (b) 0.4 Ns/m2
(c) 0.5 Ns/m2 (d) 0.7 Ns/m2

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4. If the bulk modulus of elasticity of the water is 4σ 6σ

2.2 × 106 kN/m2, the speed of pressure wave is (c) h = (d) h =
ρgd ρgd
given by
8. The excess pressure in a droplet of 0.002 m
(a) 22000 m/s (b) 1483.2 m/s
diameter a fluid with surface tension of 0.01 N/m
(c) 3561.2 m/s (d) 500.3 m/s
is
5. A cubical wooden block of edge 100 mm and (a) 10 (b) 20
weight 1 kN sliding down on an inclined plane (c) 4π (d) 0.0004π
of inclination 30° with the horizontal. A Newtonian
9. A Spherical water drop of 1 mm in diameter
fluid with a viscosity of 0.2 Ns/m2 is layered on
splits up in air in to 64 smaller drops of equal
the incline plane. If the thickness of the fluid
size. The surface tension coefficient of water in
layer is 0.02 mm, then terminal velocity of the
air is 0.073 N/m. The work required in splitting
block in m/s is
up the drop is
(a) 0.25 (b) 2.5
(c) 5 (d) 0.5 (a) 0.96 × 10–6 J (b) 0.69 × 10–6 J
(c) 0.32 × 10–6 J (d) 0.23 × 10–6 J
6. Figure shows a plot of shear stress (τ) versus
velocity gradient (du/dy). Name the type of fluids 10. How much pressure is required to cause 1%
corresponding to A, B and C change in the density of water?
(a) 21 MPa (b) 2.1 MPa
(c) 210 MPa (d) 2100 MPa
A
11. Match List I and List II and select the correct
B
answer using the codes given below the lists:
C
List-I (Description)
τ
P. Property which explains the spherical shape
of the drop of a liquid.
Q. Property which explains cavitation in fluid
Velocity gradient (du/dy)
flow.
(a) A = ideal plastic fluid, B = Newtonian fluid
R. Property which explains rise of sap in free.
and C = Non-Newtonian fluid
(b) A = ideal plastic fluid, B = Non-Newtonian S. Property which explains flow of oil jet.
fluid and C = Newtonian fluid List-II (Property of fluid)
(c) A = ideal fluid, B = Non-Newtonian fluid and 1. Viscosity
C = Newtonian fluid 2. Surface tension
(d) A = ideal fluid, B = Newtonian fluid and 3. Compressibility
C = Non-Newtonian fluid 4. Vapour pressure
7. If σ refers to the surface, tension of the water, ρ 5. Capillarity
refers to mass density, g refers to gravitational Codes:
accelerations, d refers to the diameter of the P Q R S
glass tube, then the capillary rise of water in (a) 1 2 4 5
the glass tube h is given by (b) 2 4 5 1
2σ 3σ (c) 3 4 5 1
(a) h = (b) h =
ρgd ρgd (d) 1 2 3 4

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12. The relation for shear stress (τ) for a Non- (a) A-3, B-5, C-6, D-1
Newtonian fluid is given by the relation (b) A-3, B-5, C-1, D-6
1/ n n
⎛ dv ⎞ ⎛ dv ⎞ (c) A-5, B-3, C-4, D-2
(a) τ = ⎜ ⎟ (b) τ = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ dy ⎠ ⎝ dy ⎠ (d) A-5, B-4, C-3, D-2
1/ n (e) A-2, B-6, C-5, D-3
dv ⎛ dv ⎞
(c) τ = μ (d) τ = μ ⎜ ⎟
dy ⎝ dy ⎠ 16. There is a pin hole of diameter 0.1 mm at the
bottom of a glass vessel containing mercury.
13. What is the mass of air contained in a room of
dimensions 4 × 6 × 3 m if the specific volume of What depth of mercury can be put in the vessel
the air is 0.83 m3/kg? without any leakage occurring?
(a) 85.3 (b) 92.4 Take σ = 0.55 N/m.
(c) 86.7 (d) 74.8 (a) h = 0.165 cosθ m (b) h = 0.23 cosθ m
(c) h = 0 m (d) h = 10.3 m
14. The velocity distribution flow over a flat plate is
Answer Key
⎛ 3⎞
given by U = ⎜ ⎟ y − y 2 in which u is the
⎝ 4⎠ 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d)
velocity in m/s at a distance y meter above the
plate. If the dynamic viscosity of the fluid is 10 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (b)

poise, then the shear stress at 0.2 m is 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (b)

(a) 0.45 N/m2 (b) 0.35 N/m2
10. (a) 11. (b) 12. (b)
(c) 0.55 N/m2 (d) 0.25 N/m2
13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (b)
15. Match List I and List II and select the correct
answer 16. (a)
List-I
A. Ideal fluid 
B. Newtonian fluid
C. Non-Newtonian fluid
D. Bingham plastic
List-II
1. Shear stress does not vary linearly with the
rate of strain
2. Tensile stress varies linearly with the rate of
strain
3. Shear stress is zero
4. Viscosity decreases with increase in
temperature
5. Shear stress varies linearly with the rate of
strain
6. Fluid behave like a solid until a minimum
yield stress beyond which it exhibits a linear
relationship between shear stress and the
rate of strain

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 FLUID MECHANICS

02 Pressur
essuree & IIts
ts Measur
Measurement
easurement

δgZ 2
(a) (b) –ρg
δ2
ρg
1. Atmospheric pressure held in terms of water (c) –ρgZ (d)
Z
column is
(a) 7.50 m (b) 9.30 m 7. As per Pascal’s law:
(c) 10.30 m (d) 11.30 m (a) Intensity of pressure at a point in a moving
fluid is equal in the direction of applied force.
2. Absolute pressure is measured as
(b) Intensity of pressure at a point in a static
(a) Gauge pressure – Atmospheric pressure
fluid is equal in the direction of applied force.
(b) Gauge pressure + Atmospheric pressure
(c) Intensity of pressure at a point in a static
(c) Gauge pressure/ Atmospheric pressure
fluid is equal in all directions.
(d) None of the above
(d) Intensity of pressure at a point in a moving
3. Barometer is used to measure fluid is equal in all directions.
(a) atmospheric pressure
8. If a hydraulic pressure has a ram of 12.5 cm
(b) very low pressure
diameter and plunger of 1.25 cm diameter, what
(c) difference of pressure between two points
force would be required on the plunger to raise a
(d) pressure in pipes, channels etc.
mass of 1 tonne on the ram?
4. Pascal law is applicable when (a) 981 N (b) 98.1 N
(a) fluid is at rest (c) 9.81 N (d) 0.98 N
(b) fluid is in motion
9. Three immiscible liquids of specific densities p,
(c) fluid is compressible
2p and 3p are kept in a jar. The height of the
(d) fluid is incompressible
liquids in the jar and at the piezometer fitted to
5. The reading of the pressure gauge fitted on a the bottom of the jar is as shown in the given
vessel is 25 bar. The atmospheric pressure is figure. The ratio H/h is
1.03 bar and the value of ‘g ’ is 9.81 m/s2. The
absolute pressure in the vessel in bar.
(a) 23.97 (b) 25.0 3h p
(c) 34.84 (d) 26.03

6. If ‘Z ’ is vertically upwards, ‘ρ’ is the density and

2p H
δP 1.5 h
‘g ’ is gravitational acceleration then pressure
δz 3p
h
in fluid at rest due to gravity is given by:

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2 AE/JE 2025 • Mechanical Engineering

(a) 4 (b) 3.5 17. A vacuum gauge fixed on a steam condenser

(c) 3 (d) 2.5 reads 80 kPa. The barometer indicates 1.013 bar.
The absolute pressure in terms of mercury head
10. If a mercury-oil differential manometer shows a
20 cm difference of mercury level, the difference
(a) 160 mm of Hg (b) 190 mm of Hg
in the pressure head is (consider the specific
(c) 380 mm of Hg (d) 760 mm of Hg
gravity of oil = 0.8)
(a) 2.0 m of oil (b) 2.5 m of oil 18. A container contains water and oil of specific
(c) 3.2 m of oil (d) 4.2 m of oil gravity 0.9. Oil is at the top with a depth of 1 m
and water at the bottom with a height 2 m.
11. The pressure at a point is equal in all directions
Assuming g = 9.81 m/s2, the pressure intensity
(a) only when the fluid is inviscid
at the bottom of the container in kPa is will be
(b) when the fluid is incompressible
(a) 28.45 (b) 13.2
(c) when the fluid is at rest
(c) 21.54 (d) 15.6
(d) in a laminar flow
19. An oil of specific gravity 0.9 is contained in a
12. Assertion (A) : Pressure is equal in all direction
vessel. At a point the height of oil is 40 m. Find
at a point in an ideal fluid flow.
the corresponding height of water at the point.
Reason (R) : Pascal’s law is valid for all cases (a) 900 m (b) 36 m
where shear stresses are zero. (c) 10.33 m (d) 18 m
(a) A is true; R is true, and is and it explains A
20. The pressure gauges G1 and G2 installed on the
(b) A is true; R is true, but it does not explain A
system show pressure of PG1 = 6 bar and PG2 =
(c) A is true; R is false
2 bar. Atmospheric pressure is 1.01 bar.
(d) A is false; R is true
G2
13. What is the approximate height of mountain if
barometer pressure at sea level and at mountain
is respectively 760 mm and 724 mm of Mercury
considering air density as 1.2 kg/m3? P G1
(a) 36 m (b) 41 m
(c) 360 m (d) 410 m What is the value of the unknown pressure P ?
14. Which of the following can withstand large (a) 4.99 bar (b) 6 bar
pressure differences? (c) 7.01 bar (d) 8.01 bar
(a) Trapezoidal duct (b) Triangular duct (e) 9.01 bar
(c) Circular pipes (d) Rectangular duct 21. Positive gauge pressure is
15. The value of one bar (in SI units) is equal to (a) Pressure less than atmospheric pressure
(a) 100 N/m2 (b) 1000 N/m2 (b) Pressure equal to atmospheric pressure
(c) 1 × 104 N/m (d) 1 × 105 N/m2 (c) Absolute zero pressure
(d) Pressure greater than atmospheric pressure
16. A hydraulic press has a ram of 30 cm diameter
and plunger of 3 cm diameter. Find the weight 22. The absolute pressure in the condenser of a steam
lifted by the hydraulic pressure when the force power plant is 2668 Pa and line barometer
applied at the plunger is 500 N. reading is 760 mm of mercury, then the vacuum
(a) 30 kN (b) 50 kN recorded in the condenser is
(c) 20 kN (d) 40 kN (a) 74 cm of mercury (b) 72 cm of mercury
(c) 75 cm of mercury (d) None of these

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23. In a differential manometer, a head of 1.8 m of

fluid A in limb 1 is found to balance a head of
0.9 m of fluid B in limb 2. The ratio of specific
gravities of A to B is 1. Two pipe lines at a different pressures, pA and
(a) 2 (b) 0.5 pB, each carrying the same liquid of specific
(c) 3 (d) 0.18 gravity of S1 are connected to a U tube with a
(e) 0.33 liquid of specific gravity of S2 resulting in the
level differences h1, h2 and h3 as shown in the
24. What will be the depth of a point below water
figure. The difference is pressure head between
surface in sea, where pressure intensity is
points A and B in terms of head of water is
1.006 MN/m2? (Specific gravity of sea water
= 1.025) S1
(a) 10 m (b) 100 m B
+
(c) 1000 m (d) 1 m h3

h2
Answer Key

1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) h1

A S2
+
4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (b)
S1
7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (c)

10. (c) 11. (c) 12. (d) (a) h1S2 + h2S1 + h3S1
(b) h1S1 + h2S2 – h3S1
13. (d) 14. (c) 15. (d)
(c) h1S1 – h2S2 – h3S1
16. (b) 17. (a) 18. (a)
(d) h1S1 + h2S2 + h3S1
19. (b) 20. (e) 21. (d)
2. What is the force needed to apply to a piston of
22. (a) 23. (b) 24. (b) 2 cm radius in order to result a force of 6000 N
at the working piston of radius 6 cm?
(a) 1334 N (b) 333 N
(c) 1050 N (d) 667 N

3. The below figure shows multi-tube manometer

using water and mercury that is used to
measure the pressure of air in a vessel. It is
given that h1 = 0.4 m, h2 = 0.5 m, h3 = 0.3 m,
h 4 = 0.7 m, h 5 = 0.1 m and h 6 = 0.5 m.
Assuming the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3
and the density of mercury to be 13600 kg/m3,
for the given values of heights, the gauge
pressure in kN/m2 will be

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4 AE/JE 2025 • Mechanical Engineering

Water
Patm = 96 kPa

Air
h4

h = 55 cm
h1 h2 h h6 P=?
3
O O

Mercury h5

(a) 90 (b) 1900

SG = 0.85
(c) 19 (d) 190
(a) 4.6 kPa (b) 98.6 kPa
4. A U tube manometer shown in figure used to (c) 100.6 kPa (d) 200 kPa
measure the gauge pressure of water density
6. A hydraulic jack is used to compress a spring
ρ1 = 1000 kg/m3. If the density of manometer
as shown in fig. stiffness of spring is 105 N/m,
liquid ρ 2 is 12000 kg/m 3 , h 1 = 0.5 and
by applying a pressure ‘p’ in the hydraulic, the
h2 = 0.1 m, gauge pressure at ‘A’, the centre of
spring gets compressed by 10 mm. The cross-
tube is [Take g = 10 m/s2]
sectional area of the piston is 25 cm2. The
applied pressure ‘p’ is
Water, Manometer liquid,
3 3
Density = 1000 kg/m density = 12000 kg/m

h2
A
h1
Spring

Piston
(a) 125 kPa (b) 115 kPa
(c) 60 kPa (d) 5 kPa

5. A manometer is used to measure the pressure Pr P

of a gas in a tank. The fluid used has a specific
gravity of 0.85 and the manometer column height
is 55 cm, as shown in figure. If the local
atmospheric pressure is 96 kPa, what is the
(a) 4 × 105 Pascals (b) 40 Pascals
absolute pressure in the tank?
(c) 250 Pascals (d) 25 Pascals

7. An open tank contains water to a depth of 2 m

and oil over it to a depth of 1 m. If the specific
gravity of oil is 0.8, then the pressure intensity
at the interface of the two fluid layer will be
(a) 9750 N/m2 (b) 8720 N/m2
(c) 9347 N/m2 (d) 7848 N/m2

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8. For an inclined manometer as shown in the figure, 10. In the given figure pressure p, in kPa, is
the pressure difference PA – PB will be P
Water
.8 PA
=0

30 cm
l, R D
oho
Alc PB
Hgl (S = 13.6)
mm
20
(a) 37 (b) 48.0
(c) 45.2 (d) 51.3
30°
Answer Key
(a) 50 N/m2 (b) 78 N/m2
1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (d)
(c) 128 N/m2 (d) 156 N/m2
4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (a)
9. A hydraulic press has a ram of 15 cm diameter
and plunger of 1.5 cm. It is required to lift a 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (d)
mass of 1000 kg. The force required on plunger
10. (a)
is nearly equal to
(a) 100 N (b) 1000 N 
(c) 10000 N (d) 10 N

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 FLUID MECHANICS

03 Hydrostatic F
drostatic or
For
on SSur
ur
ces
orces
faces
urfaces

5. The depth of centre of pressure in a rectangular

lamina immersed vertically in water up to height
h is given by
1. In an inclined plane submerged in water, the h 2h
centre of pressure is located (a) (b)
4 3
(a) at the centroid 3h h
(b) below the centroid (c) (d)
4 2
(c) above the centroid
6. A rectangular water tank, full to the top, has its
(d) anywhere in the plane
length, breadth and height in the ratio of 2 : 1 : 2.
2. The location of the center of pressure over a The ratio of hydrostatic forces at the bottom to
surface immersed in a liquid is that at any larger vertical surface is
(a) always above the centroid 1
(b) will be at the centroid (a) (b) 1
2
(c) will be below the centroid (c) 4 (d) 2
(d) depends upon the density of fluid
7. A circular annular plate bounded by two
3. The vertical component of the hydrostatic force concentric circles of diameter 1.2 m and 0.8 m
on a submerged curved surface is is immersed in water with its plane making an
(a) The force on a vertical projection of the angle of 45° with the horizontal. The centre of the
surface circle is 1.625 m below the free surface. What
(b) The product of pressure at centroid and the will be the total pressure force on the face of the
surface area plate?
(c) The mass of the liquid vertically above it (a) 10.00 kN (b) 7.07 kN
(d) The weight of the liquid vertically above it (c) 14.141 kN (d) 18.00 kN
4. Which of the following forces act on a fluid at 8. The total force on a rectangular plane surface
rest? 4 m wide and 6 m deep which lies in vertical
1. Gravity force plane of water when its upper edge is horizontal
2. Hydrostatic force and coinciding with water surface.
3. Surface tension (a) 1412640 N (b) 470880 N
4. Viscous force (c) 941760 N (d) 706320 N
Select the correct answer using the codes given 9. Total pressure on a lamina of area A is way,
below, where W = specific weight and y = depth of the
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 3 and 4 centroid of the lamina below the free surface.
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 2 and 4 (a) only when the lamina is horizontal

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2 AE/JE 2025 • Mechanical Engineering

(b) only when the lamina is at 45° with the 15. The position of centre of pressure on a plane
horizontal surface immersed vertically in a static mass of
(c) whether the lamina is horizontal, vertical or liquid is given by (where A is the total area of the
inclined surface, IG is the moment of inertia of the area
(d) only when the laminar is veritcal about an axis passing through the centroid of
the area and parallel to the free liquid surface,
10. Which of the following statements is false, in case
of centre of pressure of a submerged vertical and x is the vertical depth of centroid of surface
circular plate from free surface of the liquid? below the free surface of liquid).
(a) Position of the centre of pressure is directly IG IG
(a) x + (b) x −
proportional to the density of the liquid. Ax Ax
(b) Position of the centre of pressure is Ax Ax
calculated by using the principle of moments. (c) x + (d) x −
IG IG
(c) Position of the centre of pressure is directly
proportional to h from free surface of the 16. The centre of pressure for a vertically immersed
liquid surface lies at following distance from c.g.
(d) Position of the centre of pressure lies below
IG IG
the centre of gravity of vertical surface (a) below (b) above
AhG AhG
11. An isosceles triangular plate of base 3 m and
altitude of 3 m is immersed vertically in an oil of AhG
(c) 0 (d) below
specific gravity 0.8. The base of the plate IG
coincide with the free surface of the oil. The total
pressure on the plate is ______. (Assume g = Answer Key
10 m/s2)
(a) 18 kN (b) 48 kN 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d)
(c) 36 kN (d) 72 kN 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (b)
12. A rectangular plate 3 m long and 1 m wide is 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (c)
immersed verticallyt in water in such a way that
its 3 m side is parallel to the water surface and 10. (a) 11. (c) 12. (b)
the plate is 1 m below it. The total pressure on 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (a)
the plate is ______.
(a) 88.28 kN (b) 44.14 kN 16. (a)
(c) 66.21 kN (d) 22.07 kN

13. A circular plate of diameter 1.6 m is placed

vertically in water in such a way that the centre
of the plate is 2.5 m below the free surface of the
water. The location of the centre of pressure is
(a) 2.564 m (b) 2.5 m
(c) 2.864 m (d) 2.654 m

14. A beaker contains water upto h height. The

location of centre of pressure is
(a) h/3 from top (b) h/2 from top
(c) 2h/3 from top (d) 3h/4 from top

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4. An inclined plate 2 m long and 1 m wide lies

with its length inclined at 45° to the surface of
water and its nearest edge is 1 m below it. If
1. A hemispherical shape of diameter 1.5 m is specific weight of water is 1000 kg/m3, then total
provided in the bottom of a tank. If the depth of pressure force on the plate (in kg) is
water above the horizontal floor of tank is 5 m. approximately
What is the magnitude of resultant force of (a) 2150 (b) 2510
hemisphere? (c) 3220 (d) 3420
(a) 78 kN (b) 74 kN
5. The ratio of pressures between two points X and
(c) 76 kN (d) 75 kN
Y located respectively at depths of 0.5 m and
2. For a vertical semi-circular plate, submerged in 8 m below water level in a tank is
a homogeneous liquid with its diameter ‘d ’ at (a) 1: 2 (b) 1 : 2
the free surface, the depth of centre of pressure
(c) 1 : 8 (d) 1 : 16
from the free surface is
3 πd 3 πd 6. A water tank has a gate in its vertical wall 5 m
(a) (b)
32 12 high and 3 m wide. The top edge of the gate is
3 πd πd 2 m below the water surface. The hydrostatic
(c) (d) force on the gate surface is
16 32
(a) 147 kN (b) 367 kN
3. A vertical rectangular plane surface is (c) 490 kN (d) 662 kN
submerged in water such that its top and bottom
surface area 1.5 m and 6.0 m respectively below Answer Key
the free surface. The position of centre of
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (c)
pressure below the free surface will be at a
distance of 4. (d) 5. (d) 6. (d)
(a) 3.8 m (b) 4.0 m

(c) 4.2 m (d) 4.5 m
(e) 4.8 m

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 FLUID MECHANICS

04 Buoyancy and Floatation

List-I (Condition)
A. G is above M
B. G and M coincide
1. A floating body is in stable equilibrium when C. G is below M
(a) the metacentric height is zero D. FB > W
(b) the metacentric is below its centre of gravity
(c) centre of gravity is below the centre of List-I (Condition)
buoyancy 1. Stable equilibrium
(d) the metacentre is above its centre of gravity 2. Unstable equilibrium
3. Floating body
2. For the stability of a floating body, under the 4. Neutral equilibrium
influence of gravity alone, which of the following
Codes :
is true?
A B C D
(a) Metacentre should be below the centre of
(a) 1 3 2 4
gravity
(b) 3 1 4 2
(b) Metacentre should be above the centre of
(c) 2 3 4 1
gravity
(d) 2 4 1 5
(c) Metacentre and centre of gravity must lie on
(e) None of the above
the same horizontal line
(d) Metacentre and centre of gravity must lie on 5. A body floating in a liquid is said to be in neutral
the same vertical line equilibrium, if its metacenter
(a) Coincides with its center of gravity
3. The metacentric height of a flaoting body is
(b) Lies above its center of gravity
(a) the distance between metacentre and centre
(c) Lies below its center of gravity
of buoyancy
(d) Lies between the center of buoyancy and
(b) the distance between teh centre of buoyancy
center of gravity
and centre of gravity
(c) the distance between metacentre and centre 6. The necessary and sufficient condition for bodies
of gravity in floatation to be in stable equilibrium is that the
(d) none of these centre of gravity is located below the
4. The following terms relate to floating bodies : (a) metacentre
Centre of gravity-G. Metacentre - M, weight of (b) Centre of buoyancy
the floating body - W. Buoyancy force - Fn. Match (c) Epicenter
(d) Centroid
List-I and List-II and select the correct answer:

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2 AE/JE 2025 • Mechanical Engineering

7. A stone weights 392.4 N in air and 196.2 N in (a) 8 (b) 6

water. Find the weight of water displaced. (c) 4 (d) 2
(a) 392.4 N (b) 196.2 N
13. An icerberg floats in sea water. If the specific
(c) 3.924 N (d) 1.962 N
gravity of iceberg and sea water are 0.9 and 1.03
8. An odd shaped container weight 2 N when empty. respectively. The percentage of total volume of
If it is full of water it weights 4907 N. Container’s the iceberg below the sea water surface is
volume is ______. [Take density of water as (a) 87.38% (b) 8.738%
1000 kg/m3 and gravitational acceleration at (c) 7.38% (d) 78.38%
9.81 m/s2]
14. The point through which the resultant gravitational
(a) 250 litres (b) 500 litres
force acts for any orientation of the body is
(c) 750 litres (d) 1000 litres
termed as
9. Consider the following statements pertaining to (a) Centre of gravity
stability of floating bodies: (b) Centroid
1. A floating body will be stable when the centre (c) Origin
of gravity is above the centre of buoyancy. (d) Centre pair of plane area
2. The positions of metacentre corresponding
15. When a body is immersed in a fluid, the buoyant
to different axes of rotation are generally
force experienced by it, it proportional to
different for the same floating object.
(a) Volume of the body
3. For cargo ships, the metacentric height
(b) Volume of the fluid displaced
varies with loading.
(c) Weight of the body
Which of the above statements are correct?
(d) Velocity of immersion
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 2 and 3 only 16
16.. Match List-I and List-II and select the correct
answer:
10. A merchant ship has meta centric height of
List-I
2.7 m. After unloading it increased to 3.6 m.
A. Metacentric height
The ratio of periodic times before and after
B. G below B
unloading the cargo ship if radius of gyration is
C. Centre of buoyancy
not altered is
D. M and G coincides
(a) 1 (b) 0.75
List-I
(c) (3/ 4) (d) ( 4/ 3) 1. Weight of displaced
2. CG of displaced volume
11. A solid is suspended by a thread and the body 3. Stability
is submerged in a liquid. If V and γb all the 4. Unstable
volume and specific weight of the body are 1 m3 5. Always stable
and 25 kN and the specific weight of the liquid 6. Always Neutral
is 10 kN, the tension in the thread is Codes :
(a) 15 kN (b) 10 kN A B C D
(c) 5 kN (d) 25 kN (a) 3 2 6 5
(b) 3 5 2 6
12. A body weighing 40 N is losing 5 N weight when
(c) 4 3 5 2
submerged in water. Then its specific gravity of
(d) 1 4 6 5
the body is equal to for a closed single pair of
(e) 6 2 4 5
lock gates having 120° between them

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 Fluid Mechanics Practice Workbook 3

17. A body of dimensions 2.0 m × 1.0 m × 3.0 m 2. A spherical ballon of 1.5 m diameter is
weight 3924 N in water. Find its weight in air. completely immersed in water and chained to
(a) 62784 N (b) 52874 N bottom. If the chain has a tension of 10 kN, the
(c) 6278 N (d) 627.8 N weight of the balloon will be nearly
(a) 9.11 kN (b) 8.22 kN
18. A solid body sinks in a fluid when
(c) 6.44 kN (d) 7.33 kN
(a) the specific gravity of its material is greater
than unity. 3. A body weighing 40 N is losing 5 N weight when
(b) the buoyancy force does not pass through submerged in water. Then its specific gravity of
the metacentre. the body is equal to for a closed single pair of
(c) the weight of the fluid displaced is less than lock gates having 120° between them
the weight of the body. (a) 8 (b) 6
(d) the metacentric lies below the C.G. (c) 4 (d) 2

19. A solid body sinks in a fluid when 4. A piece of wood having weight of 10 kg floats
(a) The specific gravity of its material greater in water with 60% of its volume under the liquid.
than unity. Determine the specific gravity of wood.
(b) The buoyancy force does not pass through (a) 0.6 (b) 0.83
the metacentre (c) 0.4 (d) 0.3
(c) The weight of the fluid displaced is less than
5. The metacentric height of a ship is 0.6 m and
the weight of the body
the radius of gyration is 4 m. What would be the
(d) The metacentre lies below the centre of
time of rolling of the ship?
gravity
(a) 4.1s (b) 5.2s
Answer Key (c) 10.4s (d) 14.1s

6. A metallic cube of side 10 cm, density 6.98 gm/

1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (c)
cc is floating in liquid mercury (density 13.6 gm/
4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (a) cc), with 5 cm height of cube exposed above
the mercury level. Water (density 1 gm/cc) is
7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (d)
filled over this, to submerge the cube fully. The
10. (d) 11. (a) 12. (a) new height of the cube exposed above mercury
level is
13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (b)
(a) 4.6 cm (b) 5.4 cm
16. (b) 17. (a) 18. (c) (c) 5.0 cm (d) 5.8 cm

19. (c) Answer Key

1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (a)

4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (b)

1. A large iceberg floating on sea water is of
cubical shape and its specific gravity is 0.9. If
20 cm proportion of the iceberg is above the 
sea surface, the volume of iceberg is ______
(Assume specific gravity of sea water is 1)
(a) 9 m3 (b) 6 m3
(c) 7 m3 (d) 8 m3

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 05 Fluid Kinematics

Q.5 Pipe 1, branches to three pipes as shown in the

given figure. The areas and corresponding
velocities are as given in the following table. The
Q.1 A solid body sinks in a fluid when value of V2 in cm per second will be
(a) The specific gravity of its material greater 2
than unity 1
(b) The buoyancy force does not pass through 3
the metacentre
(c) The weight of the fluid displaced is less
4
than the weight of the body
(d) The metacentre lies below the centre of
gravity Pipe Velocity (cm per second) Area (sq. cm)
1 50 20
Q.2 A streamline and an equipotential line in a flow
2 V2 10
field
3 30 15
(a) are parallel to each other
4 20 10
(b) are perpendicular to each other
(c) intersect at an acute angle (a) 15 (b) 20
(d) are identical (c) 30 (d) 35

Q.3 For an irrotational flow the equation Q.6 For an incompressible flow field, v , which one
of the following following conditions must be
∂2 φ ∂2 φ satisfied?
+ = 0 is known as
∂x 2 ∂y 2 ∂v  
(a) + (v ⋅ ∇)v = 0 (b) ∇ × v = 0
(a) Cauchy Riemann's equation ∂t
  
(b) Euler's equation (c) (v ⋅ ∇) × v = 0 (d) ∇ × v = 0
(c) Laplace equation
(d) Poisson's equation Q.7 The stream function in a two-dimensional flow
field in given by ψ = x2 + y2. The magnitude of
Q.4 Local acceleration in fluid is due to
the velocity at point (1, 1) will be
(a) unsteady nature of flow
(a) 2 (b) 2 2
(b) non-uniformity of flow
(c) turbulence in flow (c) 4 (d) 4 2
(d) irrotational nature of flow

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 Fluid Kinematics 5

Q.8 A flow field which has only convective Q.14 A stream function
acceleration is (a) Is a mathematical function which has no
(a) a steady uniform flow physical equivalence
(b) an unsteady uniform flow (b) Is defined only for steady and incompressible
(c) a steady non- uniform flow flow
(d) an unsteady non- uniform flow (c) Satisfies Laplace equation for rotational
(e) None of the above motion
(d) May not remain constatn for a streamline
Q.9 If the total acceleration of fluid flow is always
zero, then it is: Q.15 Vorticity is equal to
(a) unsteady and uniform flow (a) Twice the angular velocity of fluid particle
(b) Half of the angular velocity of a fluid particle
(b) steady and uniform flow
(c) One third of the angular velocity of a fluid
(c) steady but non-uniform flow
particle
(d) unsteady and non-uniform flow
(d) Thrice the angular velocity of a fluid particle
∂u ∂v (e) None of these
Q.10 The equation + = 0 represents
∂x ∂y Q.16 The velocity equation for a pipe whose valve is
(a) two-dimensional, compressible, continuity being opened or closed gradually is given by
equation (a) V = ax4 + bx2t (b) V = ax4 + bxt
(b) two-dimensional, incompressible, continuity (c) V = ax + bxt
3 (d) V = ax + bxt
equation Q.17 The steam function is
(c) two-dimensional, compressible, momentum (a) constant along an equipotential line
equation (b) along a stream line
(d) two-dimensiona, incompressible, momentum (c) defined only in irrotational flow
equation (d) defined only for incompressible flow
Q.11 If the velocity vector in a two dimensional flow Q.18 In a steady flow in a varying section pipe if the

( )
field is given by v = 2xyiˆ + 2y − x jˆ , then
2 2 diameter is doubled the kinetic energy will
(a) be doubled
the vorticity vector curl v will be
(b) increase 4 times
(c) increase 8 times
(a) 2y 2 jˆ (b) 6ykˆ (d) decreaseto one one sixteenth

(c) Zero (d) −4 xkˆ Q.19 In an ideal fluid flow

(a) velocity is zero at the boundary
Q.12 Which one of the following is a valid potential (b) velocity potential exists
function? (c) motion is uniform
(a) φ = cln x (b) φ = c cos x (d) particles move is straight lines
(c) φ = 3xy (d) φ = c(x2 + y2)
Q.20 Which of the following statements is true for two-
Q.13 If flow conditions satisfy ‘Laplace equation’, then: dimensional flow of ideal fluids?
(a) flow is rotational (a) Potential function exists if stream function
(b) flow does not satisfy continuity equation. exists
(c) flow is irrotational and satisfy continuity (b) Stream function may or may not exist
equation (c) Both potential function and stream function
(d) flow is irrotatinal and does not satisfy must exist
continuity equation (d) Stream function will exist but potential
function may not exist

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6 CPQ 2025 • Fluid Kinematics

Q.21 The dividing streamline for a uniform flow Q.26 If a two-dimensional flow field has velocities
superimposed over a two-dimensional droplet is along the x and y directions given by u = x2t
(a) a straight line (b) a circle and v = –2xyt respectively, where t is the time,
(c) a sphere (d) an ellipse then the equation of streamline is :
(a) x2 y = constant
Q.22 Which of the following statements is FALSE about
(b) xy2 = constant
stream function (ψ) and potential function (φ) for
(c) xy = constant
a steady, incompressible and inviscid fluid?
(d) Not possible to determine
(a) Lines of constant φ and ψ are mutually
Q.27 The 2D flow with velocity
orthogonal 
V = ( x + 2y + 2) iˆ + ( 4 − y ) jˆ
(b) ψ is defined for two-dimensional flows (a) Compressible and irrotational
whereas φ is defined for three-dimensional (b) Compressible and rotational
flows (c) Incompressible and irrotational
(c) Both ψ and φ exists for three-dimensional (d) Incompressible and rotational
flows Q.28 If ψ = (x2 – y2) is the stream function in a two-
(d) Both ψ and φ exists for two-dimensional flows dimensional flow field, then the magnitude of
velocity vector at point (1,1) would be
Q.23 The velocity components in x and y directions in
(a) zero (b) 2 2
terms of velocity potential (φ) are
(c) 4 (d) 8
∂φ ∂φ ∂φ ∂φ
(a) u = − ,v = (b) u = ,v =
∂x ∂y ∂y ∂x Q.29 Impingement of a jet on a flat plate may be
∂φ ∂φ ∂φ ∂φ expressed by:
(c) u = ,v = − (d) u = − ,v = − (a) ψ = xy (b) ψ = x2 – y2
∂y ∂x ∂x ∂y
(c) ψ = x – y
3 3 (d) ψ = x/y
Q.24 The two stagnation points for ideal flow over a
circular cylinder coincide when Q.30 A two dimensional flow field is described by the
(a) the free stream is uniform velocity components u = 2x and v = –2y The
(b) the circulation about the cylinder is very small corresponding velocity potential function will be
(c) the circulation about the cylinder exceeds a (a) φ = y2 – x2
critical value (b) φ = 2(x + y)
(d) the circulation about the cylinder is a critical (c) φ = x2 – y2
value (d) φ = x2 + y2

Q.31 The velocity potential function of a 2D flow is

given by φ = 4 xy. The velocity at a point (5, 0)
is_____.
Q.25 A metallic cube of side 10 cm, density 6.98 gm/ (a) 20 units (b) 10 units
cc is floating in liquid mercury (density 13.6 gm/ (c) 30 units (d) 40 units
cc), with 5 cm height of cube exposed above the Q.32 Three dimensional flow field is described by
mercury level. Water (density 1 gm/cc) is filled
over this, to submerge the cube fully. The new ( ) ( ) ( )
V = y 2 + z 2 iˆ + x 2 + z 2 jˆ + x 2 + y 2 kˆ . The
height of cube exposed above mercury level is
(a) 4.6 cm (b) 5.4 cm component of rotation at (1, 2, 3) is given as:
(a) ωx = –1, ωy = 2, ωz = –1
(c) 5.0 cm (d) 5.8 cm

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 Fluid Kinematics 7

(b) ωx = –1, ωy = –2, ωz = 1 Q.34 Which of the followng flow is rotational (where u
(c) ωx = –1, ωy = –2, ωz = –1 and v are velocity components in x and y
(d) ωx = 1, ωy = 2, ωz = –1 directions respectively)

Q.33 A two dimensional flow field is defined as ⎛3 ⎞

   (a) u = y ;v = ⎜⎝ x ⎟⎠ (b) u = xy2; v = x2y
2
V = ix − jy . The equation of the stream line
passing through the point (1, 2) is (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
(a) xy + 2 = 0 (b) x2y + 2 = 0 
(c) xy – 2 = 0 (d) x2y – 2 = 0

Answer Key
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (b)
8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (b) 11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (c) 14. (b)
15. (a) 16. (d) 17. (d) 18. (d) 19. (b) 20. (c) 21. (b)
22. (c) 23. (d) 24. (d) 25. (b) 26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (b)
29. (a) 30. (a) 31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (c) 34. (a)

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 JE/AE 1 YEARS FOUNDATION

06 Fluid Dynamics

(a) Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 ; hL = hL1 + hL2 + hL3

(b) Q = Q1 = Q2 = Q3 ; hL = hL1 = hL2 = hL3
(c) Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 ; hL = hL1 = hL2 = hL3
1. All the terms of energy in Bernoulli’s equation (d) Q = Q1 = Q2 = Q3 ; hL = hL1 + hL2 + hL3
have dimension of:
6. The loss of head (or energy) due to velocity of
(a) Force (b) work
liquid at the outlet of the pipe is given as:
(c) Length (d) Energy
V4 V4
2. Velocity head is given by (a) (b)
4g 2g
V V2
(a)
g
(b) V2 V2
2g (c) (d)
4g 2g
V3 V2
(c) (d)
2g 2g 2 7. Head loss in sudden expansion is given by

(V )
3
3. An orifice discharge under a head of 1.25 m of V12 − V22 1 − V2
(a) (b)
water. A pitot tube kept at its centre line at the 2g 2g
vena contracta indicates a head of 1.20 m of
(V ) ( )
2 2
water. The coefficient of velocity of the orifice is 1 − V2 2 V12 − V2
(a) 0.990 (b) 0.980 (c) (d)
2g g
(c) 0.956 (d) 0.965
8. A fully developed laminar viscous flow through
4. A right circular cylinder is filled with liquid upto
a circular tube has the ratio of maximum velocity
its top level. It is rotated about is vertical axis at
to average velocity as
such a speed that half the liquid spills out, then
(a) 3.0 (b) 2.0
the pressure at the point of intersection of the
(c) 2.5 (d) 1.5
axis and bottom surface is
(a) same as before rotation 9. In laminar flow through a circular tube, the Darcy
(b) half of the value before rotation - Weisbach friction is related to the Reynolds
(c) quarter of the value before rotation number by
(d) equal to atmospheric pressure
(a) f = ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ (b) f = ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟
1 16
5. Three parallel pipes connected at the two ends ⎝R⎠ ⎝R⎠
have flow-rates Q1, Q2 and Q3 respectively, and
⎛ 0.316 ⎞
(c) f = ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟
the corresponding frictional head losses are hL1, 64 (d) f = ⎜
hL2 and hL3 respectively. The correct expressions ⎝R⎠ ⎝ R ⎟⎠
for total flow rate (Q) and frictional head low across
the two ends (hL) are

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 General Engineering 17

10. The momentum correction factor for laminar flow 16. In a turbulent flow through a pipe the centre line
in pipes is_____. velocity is 3.61 m/sec and the friction factor f =
(a) 1 (b) 1.33 0.02, the mean velocity of flow in m/sec is:
(c) 1.05 (d) 0.98 (a) 4.80 (b) 3.00
(c) 2.21 (d) 0.96
11. The laminar flow is characterised by
17. The drag coefficient for laminar flow varies with
(a) existence of eddies
Reynolds Number (Re) as
(b) irregular motion of fluid particles
(a) Re1/2 (b) Re
(c) fluid particles moving in layers parallel to (c) Re –1 (d) Re–1/2
the boundary surface
(d) its space coordinates 18. The maximum thickness of boundary layer in
case of a pipe of radius R is:
12. Mark the wrong statement in the context of (a) R (b) 1/3R
laminar flow through a pipeline. (c) 0.1R (d) 2/3R
(a) Shear stress is zero at the centre and varies
19. A Cipoletti notch is a trapezoidal notch having
linearly with pipe radius. inclination of slopping sides as
(b) Head loss is proportional to square of the (a) 1 horizontal to 4 vertical
average flow velocity. (b) 1 horizontal to 2 vertical
(c) The friction factor varies inversely with flow (c) 1 horizontal to 3 vertical
Raynolds number (d) 1 horizontal to 1 vertical
(d) All of these
20. The rate of flow through a V-notch varies as
(e) None of these
(a) H (b) H
13. In rough turbulent flow in a pipe, the friction factor (c) H3/2 (d) H5/2
would depend upon
21. The square root of the ratio of inertia force to
(a) velocity of flow
gravity force is called:
(b) pipe diameter
(a) Reynolds number(b) Froude number
(c) type of fluid flowing
(c) Mach number (d) Euler number
(d) pipe condition and pipe diameter
22. Mach number is the ratio of
14. Velocity distribution in a turbulent boundary layer (a) Elastic force to gravity force
follows: (b) Viscous force to elastic force
(a) Logarithmic law (b) Parabolic law (c) Inertial force to surface tension
(c) Linear law (d) Cubic law (d) Inertial force to elastic force

15. In the question and denotes the average height 23. Ratio of inertia force to surface tension is known
of surface irregularities, yw is the thickness of as:
laminar sub-layer and y is the thickness of (a) Weber’s number (b) Mach number
turbulent boundary layer. A pipe is termed as (c) Froude number (d) Euler number
hydraulically smooth, if 24. A ship whose full length is 100 m is to travel at a
ε ε speed of 10 m/sec. For dynamic similarity, at
(a) < 0.35 (b) < 0.05 what velocity should a 1: 25 model be towed
y y
through water?
ε ε
(c) y < 0.35 (d) y < 0.25 (a) 10 m/sec (b) 25 m/sec
w w
(c) 2 m/sec (d) 50 m/sec

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18 CPQ 2025 • Fluid Mechanics

25. Match list-I with List-II and select the correct 31. Which of the following is not used for model
answer: analysis
List-I List-II (a) Reynold’s Model Law
A. Viscous force 1. Reynolds number (b) Froude Model Law
B. Elastic force 2. Froude number
(c) Newton Model Law
C. Surface tension 3. Weber number
(d) Mach Model Law
D. Gravity 4. Mach number
Codes: 32. Froude number is important for:
A B C D (a) Unsteady flow (b) Viscous flow
(a) 1 4 2 3 (c) Free surface flow (d) Compressible flow
(b) 1 2 4 3
(c) 3 4 1 2 33. Rayleigh’s method of dimensional analysis is
(d) 1 4 3 2 used for determining the expression for a variable
26. which depends on maximum following number
Which of the following dimensionless numbers
is significant when studying surface tension of variables.
phenomena in a flow problem? (a) 4 (b) 8
(a) The Euler number (c) 2 (d) 6
(b) The Froude number
34. Which dimensionless number has significant role
(c) The Mach number
in defining laminar and turbulent flow pattern?
(d) The Weber number
(a) Prandtl number (b) Reynolds number
27. Geometric similarity is said to exist between the (c) Nusselt number (d) Froude’s number
model and the prototype, if both of them
(a) Have identical velocities 35. Reynolds model law is applicable for:
(b) Are equal in size and shape (a) flow over the spill way of a dam.
(c) Are identical in shape, but differ only in size (b) water hammer created in penstocks.
(d) Have identical forces (c) flow through low speed turbo machines
28. In compressible fluid flow problems at high (d) flow of blood in veins and arteries.
velocity, which of the following non-dimensional
36. Which of the following is not a dimensionless
number is used?
number?
(a) Euler number (b) Weber number
(a) The coefficient of lift
(c) Froude number (d) Mach number
(b) The pipe friction factor
29. The pressure difference in a turbulent flow through (c) The Manning’s coefficient
the pipe of diameter (D) and length (L) depends (d) The coefficient of discharge1
on velocity, viscosity, density and roughness.
The number of π-terms formed will be:
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 5
(e) 6 37. A fluid jet is discharging from a 100 mm nozzle
30. Position of a body with acceleration ‘a’ is given and the vena-contracta formed has a diameter of
by x = Kamin, where t is time. The value of m and 90 mm. If the coefficient of velocity is 0.95, then
n are: the coefficient of discharge for the nozzle is
(a) m = 1, n = 1 (b) m = 2, n = 2 (a) 0.7695 (b) 0.81
(c) m = 1, n = 3 (d) m = 1, n = 2 (c) 0.9025 (d) 0.855

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 General Engineering 19

38. A Prandtl tube (Pitot-static tube with Cv =1) is 44. For pipes arranged in series:
used to measure the velocity of water. The (a) the head loss must be same in all pipes
differential manometer reading is 10mm of liquid (b) the flow rate must be the same in all pipes
column with a relative density of 11. Assuming (c) the velocity must be the same in all pipes
g = 9.8 m/s², the velocity of water (in m/s) is: (d) the flow rate may be different in different pipes
(a) 1.32 (b) 1.4
45. Two identical pipes of length 'L', diameter 'D'
(c) 1.6 (d) 1.5
and friction factor 'f' are connected in parallel
39. Oil of specific gravity 0.8 flows through a 0.2 m between two points. For the same total volume
diameter pipe under a pressure of 100 kN/ m2. If flow rate with pipe of same diameter 'd' and same
the datum is 5 m below the centerline of the pipe friction factor 'f', the single length of the pipe for
and the total energy with respect to the datum is a constant pressure drop will be
35 Nm / N the discharge is (Take g = 9.81 m/s2) L L
(a) 0.58 m3/sec (b) 0.47 m3/sec (a) (b)
2 2
(c) 0.31 m3/sec (d) 0.22 m3/sec L
(c) 2L (d)
40. An open cylidrical vessel of 20 cm diameter and 4
100 cm long contains water up to a height of 80 46. Three pipes of length 800m, 500 m and 400 m
cm. What will be the rotational speed of the vessel and of diameters 500 mm, 400 mm and 300 mm
about its vertical axis such that no water spills? respectively are connected in series. These pipes
[g = 10 m/s2] are to be replaced by a single pipe of length
(a) 10 2 rad/s (b) 20 2 rad/s 1700 m. What is the diameter of the single pipe?
(a) 0.007118 )0.2 m (b) (0.003609)0.3 m
(c) 30 2 rad/s (d) 40 2 rad/s (c) (0.003609)0.2 m (d) (0.007118)0.3 m

41. Water is coming out from a tap and falls vertically 47. A pipe of 0.1 m² suddenly changes to 0.5 m²
downwards. At the tap opening, the stream area. The quantity of water flowing in the pipe -1
diameter is 20 mm with uniform velocity of 2 m/ is 0.5 ms. Head loss due to sudden enlargement
s. Assuming steady inviscid flow, constant is nearly
pressure atmosphere everywhere, and neglecting (a) 0.025 m (b) 0.05 m
curvature and surface tension effects, the (c) 0.8 m (d) 1.2 m
diameter of the stream 0.5m below the tap
48. A fluid of viscosity 7 poise and density 1300 kg/
opening is nearly.
(m3) is flowing through a circular pipe of diameter
(a) 11.7 mm (b) 14.6 mm
200 mm. The maximum shear stress at the pipe
(c) 17.5 mm (d) 20.4 mm
wall is 200N/(m2) What will be that pressure loss
42. For flow through pipes, the maximum in one meter of pipe length?
transmission efficiency that can achieve is: (a) 400 N/m2 (b) 4000 N/m2
(a) 97% (b) 57% (c) 6000 N/m 2 (d) 8000 N/m2
(c) 47% (d) 67%
49. The Hagen-Poiseuille equation which governs the
43. In order to replace a pipe of a diameter D by n velocity distribution in laminar flow through pipes
parallel pipes of diameter (d) the relation used is may be expressed as

(a) d =
D D
(b) d = 2 πd 4Δp πd 2Δp
2/5 (a) Q = (b) Q =
n n 128μL 128μL
D D 128μL 128μL
(c) d = (d) d =
3/ 2 (c) Q = 2 (d) Q =
n n πd Δ p πd 4 Δ p

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50. At the point of boundary layer separation: 55. A cippoletti weir discharges water with the head
(a) shear stress is maximum of water above the crest being 250 mm. If the
(b) shear stress is zero head due to velocity of approach is 0.01 m, what
(c) velocity is negative will be the excess percentage of discharge, as
(d) density variation is maximum compared to when not so corrected?
(a) 3.5% (b) 6%
51. For laminar flow over a flat plate, the thickness
(c) 3% (d) 5.3%
of the boundary layer at a distance from the
leading edge is found to be 5 mm. The thickness 56. A dimensionless group formed with the variables
of the boundary layer at a downstream section, ρ, ω, μ and D is
which is at twice the distance of the previous ρωμ ρωD 2
section from the leading edge, will be- (a) (b)
D2 μ
(a) 10 mm (b) 5 2 mm μD 2
(c) (d) ρ ω μ D
ρω
(c) 5 / 2 mm (d) 2.5 mm
57. Which one of the following is dimensionless?
52. A fluid near a solid wall has approximated
∂p D 4 ∂p D 3
velocity profile given by u(y) = (a) × (b) ×
∂x μ Q 2 ∂x μ Q
⎛ πy ⎞
U ∞ sin ⎜ ⎟ ,0 ≤ y ≤ δ ∂p D 4 ∂p μQ
⎝ 2δ ⎠ (c) × (d) ×
∂x μ Q ∂x D 4

πμU∞ 3πμU ∞ 58. The scale ratio in model of spillway is 1 : 9. If the

(a) τw = (b) τw =
2δ δ discharge in the prototype is 2430 cumecs, the
discharge in the model is (in cumecs)
2πμU ∞ πμU∞
(c) τw = (d) τw = (a) 270 (b) 90
δ δ
(c) 30 (d) 10
53. The velocity profile is approximated by a cubic 59. The Reynold’s number for flow of fluid in a circular
2 3
tube is 4000. If the diameter of the tube is
u 3⎛y⎞ 1⎛ y⎞
parabola = ⎜ ⎟ − ⎜ ⎟ , where the increased by 25% and the fluid velocity is
U 2 ⎝ δ⎠ 2 ⎝ δ⎠
decreased by 20%, the Reynold’s number for
displacement at thickness for the profile is the same fluid will be
(a) 4000 (b) 4200
3 5
(a) δ (b) δ (c) 3800 (d) 3000
8 8
60. A proposed pier design is studied in a water
11 channel to simulate forces due to hurricanes.
(c) δ (d) None of the above
8 Using a 1:10 scale model, what velocity should
be selected in the model study to simulate a
54. In a triangular notch there is an error of 4% in
water speed of 12 m/s?
observing the head. The error in the computed
(a) 3.79 m/s (b) 4.28 m/s
discharge is
(c) 5.91 m/s (d) 6.70 m/s
(a) 4% (b) 10%
(e) 6.90 m/s
(c) 6% (d) 2.5%
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 General Engineering 21

61. A flowmeter when tested in a laboratory gives a 62. The flight Mach number of an aircraft flying at an
pressure drop of 100kN/m2 for a discharge of altitude where the temperature is –48°C is 0.7.
0.1 m 3/s in a 150-mm diameter pipe. If a The speed of the aircraft is (take γ = 1.4, R =
geometrically similar model is tested in 600- mm 287 J/kgK)
diameter pipe at identical conditions of fluid, the (a) 100 m/s (b) 140 m/s
(c) 210 m/s (d) 250 m/s
corresponding discharge will be
(a) 0.1 m3/s (b) 0.2 m3/s 
(c) 0.3 m3/s (d) 0.4 m3/s

Answer Key
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (c)
8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (b) 11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (d) 14. (a)
15. (d) 16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (d) 21. (b)
22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (c) 25. (d) 26. (d) 27. (c) 28. (d)
29. (c) 30. (d) 31. (c) 32. (c) 33. (a) 34. (b) 35. (c)
36. (c) 37. (a) 38. (b) 39. (a) 40. (b) 41. (b) 42. (d)
43. (a) 44. (b) 45. (d) 46. (a) 47. (c) 48. (b) 49. (a)
50. (b) 51. (b) 52. (a) 53. (b) 54. (b) 55. (b) 56. (b)
57. (c) 58. (d) 59. (a) 60. (a) 61. (d) 62. (c)

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