BIOLOGY Formative ONE
1. Which of the followings are group of tissues with similar structure and function?
A. Cells.
B. Organs.
C. Tissues.
D. Organ system.
2. Which of the following is a correct sequence of levels in hierarchy, proceeding downward for animal?
A. organism, brain, organ system, nerve cell
B. organ system, nervous tissue, brain, nerve cell
C. organism, organ system, tissue, cell, organ
D. nervous system, brain, nervous tissue, nerve cell
3. Which cells of the following is not specific for regulation and passage of materials?
A. Animal.
B. Plant.
C. Prokaryotes.
D. Eukaryotes.
4. What is the level of organization in which group of organisms interact with nonliving factors ?
A. Population
B. Community
C. Ecosystem
D. Biosphere
5. Which energy form of the followings organisms can consume to perform work?
A. Light.
B. Chemical.
C. Mechanical.
D. Physical.
6. Which of the following is the backbone of life?
A. Carbon
B. Potassium
C. Sodium
D. Calcium
7. Which functional group of the following has the ability to release energy?
A. Amine.
B. Hydroxyl.
C. Phosphate.
D. Carboxyl.
[Link] of the following correct sequence for a polymer?
A. Monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide, glycoside linkage
B. Amino acid, dipeptide, polypeptide, Phospho diester bond.
C. Glycerol, fatty acids, triglycerides, ester bond
D. Nucleoside, nucleotide, nucleic acids, hydrogen bond
9. Which biological process following this action?
High blood sugar à low blood sugar
A. Dehydration.
B. Hydration.
C. –ve feedback.
D. + ve feedback.
10. Which of the followings carry the information for gene expression?
[Link]
B. Polypeptide
C. Amino acids
D. RNA
11 .Which of the following is hydrocarbons ?
A. Proteins
B. Carbohydrates
C. Fatty acids
D. Nucleic acids
12. Which one of the following molecules is the fuel for cellular work?
A. Amino acid.
B. Monosaccharide.
C. Fatty acid.
D. Nucleic acid.
[Link] one of the followings consider as storage plant carbohydrates ?
A. Glycogen.
B. Starch.
C. Chitin.
D. Cellulose.
14. Which of the following results from dehydration?
A. Glucose + Glucose ----> Disaccharide
B. Protein ----> Amino acid + Amino acid
C. Fats ----> Glycerol + 3 fatty acids
D. Nucleotides + Nucleotides ----> Nucleic acids
15. Which of the followings is consider as base pairing of DNA strands?
A. Adenine & Guanine.
B. Thiamine & Cytosine.
C. Uracil & Thiamine.
D. Guanine & Cytosine.
. 16 .Which one of the followings is a structural animal polysaccharides ?
. A. Glycogen.
B. Starch.
C. Chitin.
D. Cellulose.
17. Which one of the following is the structure of sex hormones ?
A. Nucleic Acid.
B. Protein.
C. Steroid.
D. Carbohydrate.
18. Which nitrogenous base is not found in RNA but found in DNA?
A. Adenine
B. Guanine
C. Cytosine
D. Thymine
19. Which covalent bond is found in starch?
A. Glycoside bond
B. peptide bond
C. Ester bond
D. Phosphate bond
20. Which of the following is found in RNA not in DNA?
A. Guanine
B. Cytosine
C. Thymine
D. Uracil
4
FORMATIVE ( 7)
1. Which one of the following defines ‘the life of cell formation from its own division
until into two daughter cells’?
A. Cytosol
B. Cell cycle
C. Genetic material
D. Apoptosis
2. Which one of the following cells is considered as a gamete?
A. Sperm.
B. Muscle
C. Somatic
D. Autosome
3. At which stage of the following do the chromatin fibers starts to coils and condenses to
become chromosomes?
A. Telophase
B. Anaphase
C. Metaphase
D. Prophase
4. At which stage of the following do the cohesion proteins cleaves to separate the sister
chromatids?
A. Metaphase
B. Prophase
C. Anaphase
D. Cytokinesis
5. Which one of the following occurs during telophase?
A. Centrosomes produces spindle fibers at poles
B. Formation of cleavage furrow
C. Non-kinetochore microtubules lengthen
D. Reappearance of nucleoli and nuclear envelope
6. Cleavage furrow occurs in which of the following cell cycle stages?
A. Cytokinesis
B. Metaphase
C. Prophase
D. Anaphase
7. What happens when DNA replication takes place in S-Phase?
A. Chromosome duplicates
B. Cell growth
C. Spindle formation
D. Organelles duplicates
8. Which part of chromosomes is attached to the spindle fiber?
A. Centrosome
B. Chromatid
C. Centriole
D. Centromere
9. In which stage of cell division does the nuclear membrane and nucleolus reappear?
A. Telophase.
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Prophase.
10. Which type of cells are found at the end of gametogenesis?
A. Zygote
B. Somatic cells
C. Sex cells
D. Nerve cells.
11. Which of the following is the differences in appearance that offspring show from
parents and siblings?
A. Variation
B. Heredity
C. Genetics
D. Growth
12. Which of the following is the transmission of traits from one generation to the next?
A. Heredity
B. Genetics
C. Variation
D. Growth
FORMATIVE (6)
1. Which cellular process yields the higher ATP molecules production?
A. Aerobic
B. Fermentation
C. Anaerobic
D. Endergonic
2. How many ATP molecules is spent during glycolysis pathways?
A. 4ATP
B. 2ADP
C. 4ADP
D. 2ATP
3. How many molecules of NADH is produced during the formation of two acetyl CoA?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8
4. Which of the following product is formed by the union of acetyl CoA with oxaloacetate in
the Krebs’s cycle?
A. Formic
B. Malic
C. Citrate
D .Oxalic
5. Which cellular respiration process of the following releases most of carbon dioxide?
A. Glycolysis
B. Citric acid cycle
C. Lactate fermentation
D. Phosphorylation
6. The FADH molecule is oxidized by which of the following proteins in the ETC?
A. Complex I
B. Complex II
C. Complex III
D. Complex IV
7. Where is the site for proteins cytochrome complexes?
E. ATP synthase
F. Electron transport chain
G. Cytoplasm
H. Mitochondrial matrix
8. What is the function of catalytic knob in the ATP synthase?
A. Fixes ATP to divide into ADP and AMP
B. Combines ADP with AMP to make ATP
C. Splits ATP into ADP and inorganic Phosphate
D. Binds ADP and inorganic phosphate to form ATP.
9. Which of the following molecules gradient is called the proton motive force?
A. Hydrogen
B. Oxygen
C. Phosphate
D. Calcium
10. How many ATP molecules are produced during yeast fermentation?
A. 2
B.4
C.6
D.8
FORMATIVE ( 5 )
1. Which of the following condition leads to saturation point?
A. Substrate concentration
B. Enzyme concentration
C. Product concentration
D. Catalyzer concentration
2. What is defined ‘the transform of both matter and energy resources’?
A. Anabolism
B. Catabolism
C. Metabolism
D. Molecules
3. What is called the study of how energy flows through living organisms?
A. Bioenergetics
B. Biosynthetic.
C. Biochemistry.
D. Biophysics.
[Link] of the following reduces the activation energy barrier?
A. Reactants
B. Enzymes
C. Temperature
D. Products
5. Which of the following acts as a co-factors?
A. ATP.
B. Vitamins
C. Toxins.
D. Zinc.
6. Which of the following can be a non-competitive inhibitor molecule?
A. AMP
B. ADP
C. Antibiotics
D. Vitamin
7. How many ATP molecules are required during energy investment
phase of glycolysis?
A. 4 ATP
B. 3 ATP
C. 2 ATP
D. 1 ATP
8. Which step forms a connecting link between glycolysis and citric acid
cycle?
A. Pyruvate oxidation
B. Substrate level phosphorylation
C. Electron transport chain
D. Chemiosmosis
9. What is the end product of pyruvate in yeast cell fermentation?
A. Lactic acid.
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Oxygen
D. Ethanol.
10. Where FADH2 enters in electron transport chain pathway?
A. Complex I
B. Complex II
C. Complex III
D. Complex IV
Order
Regulation
Evolutionary Adaptation
Energy Processing
Reproduction
Growth and Development
Response to the Environment
The Biosphere
Tissues
Organs and organ
systems
Ecosystems
Cells
Organelles
Communities
Organisms Atoms
Populations
Molecules
Energy Flow
Chemicals pass
to organisms
that eat the
plants
Light Chemical
energy Heat
Energy
Plants take up
chemicals from
the soil and air
Decomposers
Chemicals
return
chemicals to
the soil.
1-4
Glycosidic
linkage
Maltose
1-2
Glycosidic
linkage
Sucrose
Storage structures
(plastids )containing
starch granules in a Amylose (unbranched)
potato tuber cell
Amylopectin (somewhat branched)
Starch
Muscle tissue
Glycogen
granules in Glycogen
muscle tissue (extensively branched)
Glycogen
Cellulose microfibrils in a Cellulose molecule (unbranched)
Plant cell, surrounded plant cell wall
by cen wall
Cellulose
Hormonal proteins Receptor proteins
Receptor
Insulin protein
secreted
Contractile and Motor proteins Structural proteins
Actin Myosin
Collagen
Protein chain
Amino acid
rRNA
tRNA
mRNA
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Receptor-Mediated
Phagocytosis Pinocytosis
Endocytosis (RME)
Food or Receptor
other Coat Protein
particle
Coated Pit
Food
vacuole
Coated Vesicle
The substrate Sucrose consists of
Glucose
Glucose & Fructose bonded together
Fructose
The substrate binds to the enzyme,
forming an Enzyme-substrate
complex
Sucrose Products are
released & the
enzyme is free to
Active site bind other substrates
The binding of the substrate & enzyme places
stress on the Glucose-fructose bond & the bond
Enzyme
breaks
Saturation Point
Substrate Concentration
Enzyme
trypsin
Stomach
37 enzyme
77
Noncompetitive
Normal Binding Competitive Inhibition Inhibition
Substrate
Active Site Competitive
Inhibitor
Enzyme
Noncompetitive Inhibitor
OXIDATION
02 CO2 H2O
Co 1206
Glucose Oxygen Carbon Water
ATP Heat
dioxide
Oxygen gains electrons (and Hydrogens)
Electrons Electrons
Electrons carried via
carried via carried via
6NADH &2FADH2
2NADH 2NADH
Glycolysis Pyruvate Electron Transport 2
oxidation Citric Acid Chain [ETC] or
Acetyl Cycle Chemiosmosis
Glucose Pyruvate
CoA
CO2
CO2
2 2 28
Substrate-level Substrate-level Oxidative
phosphorylation phosphorylation phosphorylation
H2O 32
C6H1206 02 CO2
H
+
Stator
Rotor
Internal Rod
Catalytic Knob
ADP
P ATP
Summary of Oxidation Phosphorylation
+
+ H
H
H+
+
H
ATP
Synthase
H O
FADH FAD 2
2
NADH +
NAD ADP ATP
P
i
H
Electron Transport Chain Chemiosmosis
Oxidative Phosphorylation