. Under which condition is the magnitude of average velocity equal to average speed?
Answer:
The magnitude of average velocity is equal to the average speed when the object moves in a single straight line.
. Give one example of a situation in which a body has a certain average speed but its average velocity is
zero.
Answer:
When a car moves from parking area to the mall and back from mall to the parking area, the average speed is
certain but the average velocity is zero.
. What type of motion is exhibited by a freely falling body? Answer:
Uniformly accelerated motion
What is the SI unit of retardation? Answer:
SI unit of retardation is m/s2
. What type of motion, uniform or non-uniform is exhibited by a freely falling body? Give reason for your
answer.
Answer:
A freely falling body has a non-uniform motion because in the initial 1 second the distance covered is small and
in the later 1 second the distance covered is large. As the distance covered is uneven, the motion is non-uniform.
Q26. a) What term is used to denote the change of velocity with time?
b) Give one word which means the same as ‘moving with a negative acceleration’.
c) The displacement of a moving object in a given interval of time is zero. Would the distance travelled by
the object also be zero? Give reason for your answer.
Answer:
a) Acceleration
b) Retardation
c) No, because when a body takes a round trip from its final position to the initial position, then the distance
travelled will be a non-zero whereas the displacement is zero.
. a) What remains constant in uniform circular motion?
b) What changes continuously in uniform circular motion?
Answer:
a) Speed
b) Direction of motion
What type of motion is represented by the tip of the seconds hand of a watch? Is it uniform or accelerated?
Answer:
Uniform circular motion is represented by the tip of the seconds hand of a watch. It is an accelerated motion.
. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:
a) Displacement is a ……… quantity whereas distance is a ……….
b) The physical quantity which gives both, the speed and direction of motion of a body is called its ……….
c) A motorcycle has a steady ………. of 3 m/s2. This means that every ……….. its................... increases by
………….
d) Velocity is the rate of change of ……….. it is measured in ……….
e) Acceleration is the rate of change of ………. it is measured in …….
Answer:
a) Vector and scalar
b) Velocity
c) Acceleration, second, velocity, 3m/s
d) Displacement, m/s
e) Velocity, m/s2
Q16. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:
a) If a body moves with uniform velocity, its acceleration is ………..
b) The slope of a distance-time graph indicates ...................... of a moving body.
c) The slope of a speed-time graph of a moving body gives its ……….
d) In a speed-time graph, the area enclosed by the speed-time curve and the time axis gives the ............ by the
body.
e) It is possible for something to accelerate bit not change its speed if it moves in a ………..
Answer:
a) Zero
b) Speed
c) Acceleration
d) Distance travelled
e) Circular path
On a 120 km track, a train travels the first 30 km with a uniform speed of 30
km/h. How fast must the train travel the next 90 km so as to average 60 km/h
for the entire trip?
Ans: Total distance d = 120 km
Average speed Vav = 60 km/h
Total time = t = ?
Average speed = Total distance/Total time taken
Vav = d/t
t = Putting the values
t = 120/60 = 2h .............(i)
Distance travelled in first part of trip
d1 = 30 km
Speed in first part of the trip v1 = 30 km/h
Time taken in first part of trip
t1 = ?
t1 = putting the values
t1 = 30/30 = 1 h (as time = distance /speed)
Time taken left to complete second part of the trip
t2 = t - t1 = 2 - 1 = 1h
Distance to be covered in second part of the trip
d2 = 90 km
required speed in second part
v2 = ?
Now since, speed = distance/time
v2 = d2/t2 = 90 km/h
Q5: A train accelerates from 36 km/h to 54 km/h in 10 sec.
(i) Acceleration
(ii) The distance travelled by car.
Ans: a. Acceleration is given by
So a= 5/10 m/s2
hence, a=0.5 m/s2
b. Distance is given by
Now u=36 km/hr =10m/s
So, s=125m
Two cars A and B race each other. The Car A ran for 2 minute at a speed of 7.5
km/h, slept for 56 minute and again ran for 2 minute at a speed of 7.5 km/h.
find the average speed of the car A in the race.
Ans: We know that
Distance=speed×time
Distance travelled in first 2 minute =
Distance travelled in last 2 minute =
Total distance = .25+.25 = 0.5 km
Total time = 2+2+56 = 60 minute = 1 hr
Average speed = 0.5/1
= 0.5 km/hr
A bullet hits a Sand box with a velocity of 20 m/s and penetrates it up to a
distance of 6 cm. Find the deceleration of the bullet in the sand box.
Ans: We are given the following information:
Initial velocity, u=20m/s
Distance traveled, d=6cm=0.06m
We can use the equation of motion:
v2=u2+2ad
Since the bullet comes to rest (v=0m/s), we have:
0=u2+2ad
Solving for deceleration (a):
2ad=−u2
Substituting the given values:
a=−3333.33m/s2 (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, the deceleration of the bullet in the sand box is approximately
−3333.33m/s2.
A particle moves through a distance of 3 m due east and then 4m due north.
(a) How much is the net distance traversed?
(b) What is the magnitude of the net displacement?
Ans: The situation is shown in the figure. The particle starts from O. It moves
through a distance of 3m due east to reach A and then through a distance of 4m
due north to reach B.
(a) The total distance moved is 3m + 4m = 7 m,
(b) The magnitude of the net displacement is OB. In the right_angled triangle OAB,
OB2 = OA2 + AB2 = (3m)2 + (4m)2 = 9m2 + 16m2 = 25m2
Therefore, OB = 5 m,
A boy runs for 10 min. at a uniform speed of 9 km/h. At what speed should he
run for the next 20 min. So that the average speed comes to 12 km/h?
Ans: Total time = 10 min + 20 min = 30 min.
The average speed is 12 km/h
using s = vt, the distance covered in 30 min = 12 km/h × 30 min = 12km/h x 1/2h =
6km
The distance covered in the first 10 min = 9 km/h × 10 min. = 9km/h x 1/6h = 1.5 km
Thus, he has to cover 6 km - 1.5 km = 4.5 km. in the next 20 min.
The speed required is 4.5km/20min = 4.5km/(20/60)h = 13.5 km/h
A trolley, while going down an inclined plane, has an acceleration of 2 cm s -2 . What will be its
velocity 3 s after the start?
Answer: Initial Velocity of the trolley, u= 0 cms -1
Acceleration, a= 2 cm s -2
Time, t= 3 s
It is known that final velocity, v= u + at = 0 + 2*3 cms -1
Therefore, the velocity of train after 3 seconds is 6 cms -1
A racing car has a uniform acceleration of 4 m s - ′2. What distance will it cover in 10 s after
start?
Answer: Initial Velocity of the car, u=0 ms -1
Acceleration, a= 4 m s -2
Time, t= 10 s
We know Distance, s= ut + (1/2)at 2
Therefore, Distance covered by car in 10 second= 0 × 10 + (1/2) × 4 × 102
= 0 + (1/2) × 4× 10 × 10 m
= (1/2)× 400 m
= 200 m
A stone is thrown in a vertically upward direction with a velocity of 5 m s -1 . If the acceleration
of the stone during its motion is 10 m s -2 in the downward direction, what will be the height
attained by the stone and how much time will it take to reach there?
Answer: Given Initial velocity of stone, u=5 m s -1
Downward of negative Acceleration, a= 10 m s -2
we know that 2 as= v 2 - u 2
An athlete completes one round of a circular track of diameter 200 m in 40 s . What will be the
distance covered and the displacement at the end of 2 minutes 20 s?
Answer:
Diameter of circular track (D) = 200 m
Radius of circular track (r) = 200 / 2=100 m
Time taken by the athlete for one round (t) = 40 s
Distance covered by athlete in one round (s) = 2π r
= 2 * ( 22 / 7 ) * 100
Speed of the athlete (v) = Distance / Time
= (2 x 2200) / (7 x 40)
= 4400 / 7 × 40
So, Distance covered in 140 s = Speed (s) × Time(t)
= 4400 / (7 x 40) x (2 x 60 + 20)
= 4400 / ( 7 x 40) x 140
= 4400 x 140 /7 x 40
= 2200 m
Number of rounds in 40 s =1 round
Number of rounds in 140 s =140/40
=3 ½
After taking start from position X, the athlete will be at Y after 3 ½ rounds as shown in
figure
Therefore, Displacement of the athlete with respect to initial position at x= xy
= Diameter of circular track
= 200 m
A ball is gently dropped from a height of 20 m. If its velocity increases uniformly at the rate
of 10 m s -2 , with what velocity will it strike the ground? After what time will it strike the
ground?
Answer
Assume, the final velocity with which the ball will strike the ground be ‘v’and time it takes to
strike the ground be ‘t&Rsquo;
Initial Velocity of ball, u =0
Distance or height of fall, s =20 m
Downward acceleration, a =10 m s -2
As we know, 2as =v 2 -u 2
v 2 = 2as+ u 2
= 2 x 10 x 20 + 0
= 400
∴ Final velocity of ball, v = 20 ms -1
t = (v-u)/a
∴Time taken by the ball to strike = (20-0)/10
= 20/10
= 2 seconds