7.

1 Kttrlclcll

w R m i t ~ r l b ; ~ a ; ~ & ~ * + h # %(+
e -; %
t ?f ;i r) m h R 9 1 ~ 1
h m ~ % J F T(access)& a; RQma ; k~ * M w-J~;T
;rrs
d a ; ~ m - ~ r m l M a ; ~ * @ ; t ? ; r ~ . r f t r n ~ m l
~ a A & $ ~ ~ m i t ~ * % ; ~ v % d S l m a ~ p - r ; m r s
b I nRjlTF5 (sj stem administrator) ( ~ Z WT m)4 & T
B& 3W 8 * (characters) $ ¶ F d +T d
JTZf;m J I ~d

*
3 m * 3 r n M # - R l * ~ + ~ t : @ q m B * d *
2811 1099U7456 q Y 7 $ 3R mC\T BF;IYrll * T W d 3kT 4;
1 T d
*f%q $kI JTq 5
FW JG8 -3*? 282 1 109907456 T;r;r 3iT k 7 F i T
h 1 a ~ i t ~ f ~ v ~ m - 3 r n v m 3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 w ~
* h m i i m r l ~ R s f l ~ 3 w m R ' ~ h ' 7 m * a ;
~ ~ h ~ ~ W
~ 7 . 2 3~~ 3 m ;
mhlwaws.r*~
*&*
-
..;rm 7.3 if (permutation) T d I ?FWPT if
p 4 w r i r * ~ W T F T m m f I m O T a ; %~ W i f . r m & *
m m 3 h d ? ? ' W * ~ 8 f = l ; r i t m W * a & a ? l
4 hWT (order) if h m 8 3fm;r %-fl b I W 7.4 if
(combination) T & 1 W if 3;T Rf@?l W b *
* *
r ;T$qrn im ~ 1 0 & * ~ 3 % C 4 r m 7
d
a i f t ; r i 3 m * ~ 3 h ~ 2 4 ~ x 1 d m ~ ~ r i t 3 m & z ? '

ir (combination) 3pIh 3 6 3 I % m &-h

d
a

~ ~ f ; k ~ ~ i f ad 8 + 8 - m m ; r t p i f 1
i @8 *
mmd+mm3wrfhr?m&v$kit-&flit
3 a ~ ~ m + & v 9 % ~ r n h h 3 ? - s R . r f f h 3 ~ h
*++[Link]$,~mm3~m;lmm*1m,mwGkit
~ d d * $ ; i f * B , , B , & ~ ~ i t ~ * * ~ ? i f ~ ~
+m%3~it$r1,,1,itm*1 mv9%~m-&~mRkd+Eiy
v *-*
(tree diagram) I (rn
% 1)
 2: 8 & (characters)
*m*M**&$&d??
* %$t 3TFm-rn d W T d8
m-mTjm d3 1
***

7.3 (Permutation)
TbCT$~-nx(n-l)(n-2)x-..x ~+Tabm;-im*.frm%, mm
~-&+T~~;~TTTwwF+& w%I n ! $ m n $ ~
WF@GT+WT:
bW 2 3hT .$ 'n *' (n factorial) TiTi % I W, F-T W
~m3MRmw*$mm$*&frl
 n! =n x ( n - 1) x ( n - 2 ) x .--x 2 x 1

=n x ((n - I)x(n - 2 ) x - - x 2 x l )

*-ii*m+%*~agim~<JrRmRzrRIf~M%~
m m d n ~ ~ $ I f * r - $ * , M n . r = 4 r i ; i ~ % M
~ ~ a % ~ m r n % ~ & i f t * , ~ ~ ~ &
~ m 3 , @ R z r R & ( ~ - i ) ~ B . s r r m m &$&, I r % W
& ( n - ( r - - l ) ) = ( n - r + l ) f8&$-a- m 8 1jn.n-$ If 3 rafS3if
&hbe&m*~mnx(n-l)x...x(n-r+l)Ml

!
m n q $ j r - a i r ~ ~ $ &
n x (n- 1) x (n-2) x x ( n - r + 1)
m - a - m n & B l
 P(n,r) = n ( n - l).... (n-(r- 1))

F?if%
?&(numerator)
i 3k m (denominator) & 3 on T h
*9T;T3***rnl

-
-
(n - r)!

W, ~ m * * ~ ~ ( n , r ) m r ~ % h $ ~
P ( n , r ) = n x ( n - 1 ) x .... x ( n - r + 1) ( 4 3

P(n, r) =
(n - r)!

M # 1 M ? , = i e I g F i h S r ~ & r i p i r d ~ + ~ 9 q
.rftm&lM~~~M'&~4;9hTi;tllz~~'fiTfiFf;T

w
(addition principle)
~ * *
jrm 8, q
I
d ? I Im h *
~ ~ : W ' P A T R ~
OTNW' ?&T T ~ ; ~ ~ ~ & F ~ ? ~ ~ ~ ~ T ~ F F T % X ?
& $r -fm (vowels) w w 7 &?
~ 4 & 3 3 M p ~ ~ ; ~ 0
w 3r m
n % 1 m R M % 3 M y +
ftd?t 9T d w VTFF h * (consonants) P, T, R & N
&3130a~R~Rx3d?13ma;m,*ommvi-
~ & P , ? , R * N X * . ~ ~ ~ , * ~ / & W T & ~ $ I &f?~f232
(m)W1*4~&*~FziT;jfx4!~3mmrn31wm
mo+faqy+f%f?r+-~~~R-fi1-$3zf;id3
3 d r * 4 ! B r n 3 ~ & 3 1 m: ~ * * % & 7 s ~ d * r n *
~Tl@JT4~4!=96&81
7.4 T&W (Combinations) '
P(n, r) = r! x C (n, r)

n!
C (n, r) =
(n -r)!r!
 n!
C(n,n-r) =
( n - (n - r))!x(n - r)!

n! -
-
n ! = C (n. r)
-
-
r!x(n -r)! (n -- r)!r

nC (n, r) = C (n, n -r)

 - -

m fmy (combination) m
d sft T$ 3 I T~FT a;
~ 3 w d m 3 f 2 w ~ m d d 3 r 1

7.5 @TC & (Binomial Theorem)

*&
if d (a + b12 ,(a + b)3 3@ &
m3~W9;rWhr
(identities) a; W?
M m 3 ~ ~ 9 ; r & m - e 3 m + w i f
*
m w * + ~ w m * l d a ; m - *
~ d w ~ & ~ i f - ~ & ~ ~ ~ @ d

(a + b). (a + b). (a + b). (a + b)

( a + b ) 4 = ---' "
mx~w*w*w
W, W PT (a + b)"
i'
* (expansion) Ti;r
~ (X + 2)' = X' ' + 1oxi (212 + 1ox2(2)) + 5~ (2y + 2*
+ 5 ~ (2)
= x5 + lox4 + 40x3 + 80x2 + 80x + 32
2) m,
(a + b)' =a + C(4,3) a3b + C(4.2) a2b2+ c(4,1)ab3 + b"
= a4 + 4a3b + 6a2b2+ 4ab3 + b4 (1 5 )
W%FFJT 1 5 3 a a i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ x ~ f ' ~ b + r n w 2 ~ M &
~ r n h 8 1
(x + 2y)4 = x" + 4x3 (2y) + 6x2 ( 2 ~ ) +
' 4x (2y)3 + ( 2 ~ ) ~
= x4 + 8x3y+ 24x2y2+ 32xy3 + 16y4
3) -(15)%a+'fem~3a&b*~emq2b-&~&
qi:rnhfl

(a + b)4 = (3a)4 + 4(3a)' (2b) + 6(3a)2 (2b)* + 4(3a) (2b)3 + (2b)4

=81a4+216a3b+216a2b2+96ab3+16b4
***
~ r n f ? w a 4 s q & i r ~ ~ m t + i ? 1

Ell) r n n 4 s - n ~ 1 , * ~ r n m r s n r r i . . f f f = r p .
1) ( ~ + 3 ) ~
2) (2x + 3y)j

3, [x,++i'

W, W
~ ~
i?4
a
& (binomial theorm) %
; f ? l y
F)@h?T f&%7
~ ~ ~
*a
I
; ~ ~
Ti7 1643-1727
*hw** &i(=nmm):rn~-+3bR
jilh7TfaTii3fmmFm
=g?x%2~31
(1 +x)'= 1 + ax+
a - )
x + a ( a - i )3(!a - 2 ) x
,+ ..- (16)
2!

W Ixl<l 3ih a ~ 3 7 7 1 ~ ~s6c ~r m

~ w
~ 8+ l1* - m ~ y ~ i l
-xSR X<O v t 8 1 m W %
1) a m m f 1 w ~ ~ h ~ ~ ~ ( 1 6 ) $ & ~ ~ m m -ww3Tef33
f=sF.1
~dw3R*mMa;*m97;83imm~~a;m*
* ~ h r n l s c : T i m F . a r m * m ~ $ ~ m m ~
F X T T $7 * I (infinite series) * TFR dW 3 *
3I
2) 1x1 +I l i l m h ? ; r r 3 1 m m w m w d r v . r f f m w 3 ,
~ $ & c ~ ~ ? r ~ i r j f t c m 3 w m w + m + ~ 3
M & ~ I ~ ~ ~ % F T * Q R ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
2) n ~ & 3 3 r q & d ; m % m i r m v

3) n 3 3 r mO& * (combination) am 3 v

n-2 2
(a + b)" = an+ C(n, n - 1) an-' b + C(n, n - 2) a b + ...
+ C(n, 1) abn-' + bn
E l l ) 1) ~