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Understanding Planets and Moons

The document outlines the criteria for classifying celestial bodies as planets, including their orbit around a star, spherical shape due to gravity, and clearing their orbital neighborhood. It also details the moons of various planets in the solar system and distinguishes between inner rocky planets and outer gas giants. Additionally, it describes comets and asteroids, highlighting their characteristics and locations within the solar system.

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5 views23 pages

Understanding Planets and Moons

The document outlines the criteria for classifying celestial bodies as planets, including their orbit around a star, spherical shape due to gravity, and clearing their orbital neighborhood. It also details the moons of various planets in the solar system and distinguishes between inner rocky planets and outer gas giants. Additionally, it describes comets and asteroids, highlighting their characteristics and locations within the solar system.

Uploaded by

shweta.bhat
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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Condition for the planets to be called as
planet
● Orbiting a star: A planet must orbit a star, like our Sun in the solar
system.
● Round shape due to gravity: The object's own gravity must be
strong enough to pull it into a roughly spherical shape, overcoming
any rigid body forces.
● Clearing its neighborhood: A planet's gravity must be strong
enough to have cleared out any other objects of a similar size in its
orbital path. This means it's essentially "alone" in its orbit, with no
other objects of comparable size sharing the same space.
Moon is an object that orbits a planet. It is some time called a natural satellite.

Moons of different planets

Earth: One moon, Luna.

● Mars: Two moons, Phobos and Deimos.


● Jupiter: 95 moons (including the Galilean moons: Io, Europa, Ganymede,
and Callisto).
● Saturn: 146 moons.
● Uranus: 27 moons.
● Neptune: 14 moons.
● Pluto: 5 moons (including Charon).
The inner rocky planets and the gas giants
The inner four planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) are rocky and have solid
surfaces that can be walked on.
When the solar system formed, rocks (and other dense, heavy materials in the
dust cloud such as iron and uranium) tended to gather closer to the Sun, and these
materials combined together to form the inner planets.
The outer four planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) are called gas giants.
When the solar system formed, gaseous substances gathered together further
away from the Sun and formed the gas giants.
Comets and Asteroids

Comets are balls of rock and ice. The ice melts as the comet gets closer to
the Sun, producing its 'tail'. They have highly elliptical or eccentric orbits.
Many comets pass far outside of the solar system.
Asteroids
Asteroids are large rocks that are mainly found in a belt between Mars
and Jupiter. A dwarf planet called Ceres can be found in this asteroid belt.
The rocks in the asteroid belt may be remnants of a planet that failed to
form due to the strong gravitational attraction of Jupiter.
● A six-level universe consisting of three heavens
and three earths:
● two heavens above the sky, the heaven of the
stars, the earth, the underground of the Apsu,
and the underworld of the dead.
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