Digital Logic

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CHAPTER 7

Registers

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Registers
❑A flip-flop can store 1-bit of digital information. It is also
referred to as a 1-bit register.
❑A register contains a group of flip-flops, the number of flip-
flops in a register being equal to the number of bits present
in the data.
❑Flip-flops are connected in such a way that binary number
can be entered into the register and retrieved from the
same.
❑A register capable of shifting its binary information either to
the right or to the left is called a “Shift register”.
❑A register can be designed using SR or JK as D type FF.
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Basic Shift Register Operations

Data in Data out

Data out Data in

(a) Serial in/shift right/serial out (b) Serial in/shift left/serial out

Data in
Data in Data in

Data out
Data out
(c) Parallel in/serial out (d) Serial in/parallel out Data out
(e) Parallel in /
parallel out

(f) Rotate right (g) Rotate left

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Types of Registers

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Serial In Serial Out (SISO)

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7
Serial In/Parallel Out (SIPO)

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4-bit serial in/parallel out

9
8-bit serial in/parallel out

10
8-bit serial
in/parallel out

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Parallel In/Serial Out (PISO)

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Parallel In/Serial Out (PISO)

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Parallel In/Parallel Out (PIPO)

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Parallel In/Parallel Out (PIPO)

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Bidirectional Shift Register

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Shift Register Applications

❑Time delay
❑Serial to parallel data converter
❑Circulating register or Ring counter
❑Switched -tail/ Twisted –tail/ Johnson counter
❑Sequence generator & detector
❑Serial adder

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 Time delay
Shift registers can be used to delay a digital signal
by a predetermined amount.

A SRG 8 Q7
Data in Data out
B
CLK Q7
C
40 MHz

CLK

Data in

Data out
td

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 Ring Counter
FF0

FF0 FF1 FF2 FF3 J0 Q0

Q3
D0 Q0 D1 Q1 D2 Q2 D3 Q3 C

C C C C K0 Q0

Q3
Q3
CLK

Q3

Q3

K1

J1
C
FF3

FF1
C

Q1

Q1
3

K3
J
FF0 FF1 FF2 FF3
Q3
J0 Q0 J1 Q1 J2 Q2 J3 Q3
Q2 K2
C C C C
C
Q3
K0 Q0 K1 Q1 K2 Q2 K3 Q3
Q2 2 J

CLK 2 FF

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Ring Counter
A common pattern for a ring counter is to load it with a single 1
or a single 0. The waveforms shown here are for an 8-bit ring
counter with a single 1.
CLK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Q0

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5

Q6

Q7
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 Switched -tail/ Twisted –tail/ Johnson counter

FF0

FF0 FF1 FF2 FF3 J0 Q0

D0 Q0 D1 Q1 D2 Q2 D3 Q3 C

C C C C K0 Q0

Q3 Q3

Q3
Q3
CLK

Q3

Q3

K1

J1
C
FF3

FF1
C

Q1

Q1
J3

K3
FF0 FF1 FF2 FF3
Q3
J0 Q0 J1 Q1 J2 Q2 J3 Q3
Q2 K2
C C C C
C
Q3
K0 Q0 K1 Q1 K2 Q2 K3 Q3
Q2 2 J

CLK 2 FF

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Switched -tail/ Twisted –tail/ Johnson counter

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Sequence generator & detector

Serial data out

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 Serial adder

Serial in

CLK

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