R.P.M. SR.

SECONDARY SCHOOL, HATHRAS

HOLIDAY HOME-WORK ASSIGNMENT
SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY (043)
SESSION: 2025-26
CLASS: XII

*Answer the following Questions.

*All Questions are compulsory.
Chapter 1: Solutions
1. Differentiate between Molarity and Molality of a solution. How can we change Molality value of a
solution into Molarity value?
2. Why aquatic animals are more comfortable in cold water than in hot water?
3. State Henry’s law. Why is air diluted with helium in the tanks used by scuba divers?
4. Calculate the solubility of CO2 in water at 298 K under 760 mm Hg. (K H for CO2 in water at 298 K is
1.25 × 106 mm Hg)
5. A solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol-1) in water is labeled as 10% (by mass). What would
be the Molality and Molarity of the solution? (Density of solution=1.2 g ml-1)
6. State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components. Name the solutions which follows
Raoult’s law at all concentrations and temperatures.
7. Differentiate between Ideal and non-ideal solutions.
8. A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 g of non volatile solute in 200 g of water. It has a Vapour
Pressure of 314.84 mm Hg at 308 K. Calculate the molar mass of the solute. (Vapour Pressure of
pure water at 308 K = 32 mm Hg)
9. Why does a solution containing non-volatile solute have higher boiling point than the pure solvent?
Why is elevation of boiling point a colligative property?
10. What happens when a pressure greater than osmotic pressure is applied on the solution side
separated from solvent by a semi-permeable membrane?
11. Why Red Blood Cells shrink when placed in saline water but swell in distilled water?
12. Blood cells are isotonic with 0.9% sodium chloride solutions. What happens if we place Blood Cells in
a solution containing:
i. 1.2% sodium chloride solution.
ii. 0.4% sodium chloride solution.
13. What is Van’t hoff factor? What types of values can it have if in forming the solution the solute
molecules undergo
i. Dissociation.
ii. Association.
14. A non-volatile solute X (molar mass = 50 g mol-1) when dissolved in 78 g of benzene reduced its
Vapour pressure to 90%. Calculate the mass of X dissolved in the solutions.
15. Draw the graph between Vapour pressure and temperature and explain the elevation in boiling point
of a solvent in solution.
16. Calculate the freezing point of a solution when 1.9 g MgCl2 (M= 95 g mol-1) was dissolved in 50 g of
water, assuming MgCl2 undergoes complete ionization. (K f for water = 1.86 K Kg mol-1)
17. What is meant by positive and negative deviation from Raoult’s law? Give an example and explain it
graphically.
18. The Vapour pressures of A and B are 75 mm Hg and 25 mm Hg respectively. If A and B are mixed
such that the mole fraction of A in the mixture is 0.4, then calculate the mole fraction of B in Vapour
phase.
19. Why people suffer from Anoxia at higher altitudes resulting in inability to think?
20. Gas (A) is more soluble in water than gas (B) at the sane temperature. Which one of the two gases
will have the higher value of K H (Henry’s Constant) and why?
21. For a 5% solution of Urea (Molar mass = 60 g mol-1), calculate the Osmotic Pressure at 300 K
[R= 0.0821 L atm K-1 mol-1]
22. Why is cooking faster in pressure cooker than in cooking pan?
23. Calculate the amount of NaCl (M=58.5 g mol-1) that must be added to 100 g of water so that freezing
point is depressed by 2 K. (Kf for water is 1.86 K Kg/mol.)
24. Define Abnormal Molar Mass.
25. Calculate the boiling point of 0.2 m solution of a non-electrolyte in water. (Kb for water = 0.52 K Kg
mol-1)
Chapter 2 : Electrochemistry
1. Give two points of differences between electrochemical cells and electrolytic cells.
2. Calculate the emf of the cell of the following cell at 298 K:
Fe(s) |Fe2+(0.001 M) || H+ (1 M) |H2(g) (1 bar),Pt (s)
Given E°cell = 0.44 V.
3. Write the Nernst equation for the following cell reaction:
Zn (s) + Cu2+(aq) → Zn2+(aq) + Cu (s)
How will the Ecell be affected when concentration of
i. Cu2+ ions is increased and
ii. Zn2+ ions is increased
4. Equilibrium constant (Kc) for the given cell reaction is 10. Calculate E°cell
A(s) + B2+(aq) ⇌ A2+ (aq) + B (s)
5. Calculate ΔrG° and log Kc for the following cell:
Ni(s) + 2 Ag+(s) → Ni2+(aq) + 2 Ag(s)
Given that E°cell = 1.05 V, F= 96,500 C/mol
6. Zinc electrode is dipped in 0.01 M solution of Zinc sulphate when temperature is 298 K. Calculate
the electrode potential of Zinc .
(Given: E°Zn2+/Zn = -0.76 V ; log 10 = 1)
7. Define conductivity and molar conductivity for the solution of an electrolyte. Discuss their variation
with concentration.
8. The resistance of 0.01 M NaCl at 25°C is 200 Ω. The cell constant of the conductivity cell used is
unity. Calculate the molar conductivity of the solution.
9. State Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Why does the conductivity of a solution
decrease with dilution?
10. Explain with a graph, the variation of molar conductivity of a strong electrolyte with dilution.
11. Why is alternating current used instead of direct current for measuring resistance of an electrolytic
solution?
12. The electrical resistance of a column is 0.05 M KOH solution of length 50cm and area of cross-
section 0.625 cm2 is 5 × 103 Ω. Calculate its resistivity, conductivity and molar conductivity.
13. How much charge is required for the reduction of 1 mol of Zn2+ to Zn?
14. State the Faraday’s first law of electrolysis.
15. What would be the signs (positive / negative) for E°cell and Δ G° for a spontaneous redox reactions
occurring under standard conditions?
16. Calculate the mass of Ag deposited at cathode when a current of 2 Ampere was passed through a
solution of AgNO3 for 15 minutes?
17. The Molar Conductivity of a 1.5 M solution of an electrolyte is found to be 138.5 Scm 2 mol-1.
Calculate the conductivity of the solution.
18. Write the name of cells which is generally used in inverters. Write the reactions taking place at the
anode and the cathode of the cell.
19. What type of battery is mercury cell? Why is it more advantageous than dry cell?
20. What are secondary batteries? Give an example.
21. Corrosion is an electrochemical phenomenon. The oxygen in moist air reacts as follows:
O2(g) + 2H2 0(g) + 4 e- → 4OH-(aq)
Write down the possible reactions for corrosion of zinc occurring at anode, cathode, and overall
reaction to form a white layer of Zinc hydroxide.
22. Name and explain the cell which was used in Apollo Space Programme.
23. Predict the products of electrolysis in each of the following:
i. An aqueous solution of AgNO3 with platinum electrodes.
ii. An aqueous solution of H2SO4 with platinum electrodes.
24. How many Coulombs are required for the oxidation of 1 mol of H 2O to O2?
25. Write the cell reaction and calculate the emf of the cell at 298 K
Sn(s) | Sn2+ (0.004 M) || H+ (0.020 M) | H2(g) (1 bar) , Pt (s)
(Given : E°Sn2+/sn = - 0.14 V)