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Trigonometric Integration Formulas

The document outlines common trigonometric formulas used in integration, including basic identities, double angle and power-reducing identities, product-to-sum identities, useful substitutions, and standard integrals. It provides essential formulas for simplifying trigonometric expressions and performing integration. These formulas are crucial for solving various mathematical problems involving trigonometric functions.

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492 views2 pages

Trigonometric Integration Formulas

The document outlines common trigonometric formulas used in integration, including basic identities, double angle and power-reducing identities, product-to-sum identities, useful substitutions, and standard integrals. It provides essential formulas for simplifying trigonometric expressions and performing integration. These formulas are crucial for solving various mathematical problems involving trigonometric functions.

Uploaded by

arafatopi33
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Common Trigonometric Formulas Used in Integration

1. Basic Trigonometric Identities

sin x = 1 / csc x, cos x = 1 / sec x, tan x = 1 / cot x

tan x = sin x / cos x, cot x = cos x / sin x

sin^2(x) + cos^2(x) = 1

1 + tan^2(x) = sec^2(x)

1 + cot^2(x) = csc^2(x)

2. Double Angle and Power-Reducing Identities

sin(2x) = 2 sin(x) cos(x)

cos(2x) = cos^2(x) - sin^2(x) = 2 cos^2(x) - 1 = 1 - 2 sin^2(x)

sin^2(x) = (1 - cos(2x)) / 2

cos^2(x) = (1 + cos(2x)) / 2

sin^2(ax) = (1 - cos(2ax)) / 2

cos^2(ax) = (1 + cos(2ax)) / 2

3. Product-to-Sum Identities

sin(A) cos(B) = 1/2 [sin(A + B) + sin(A - B)]

cos(A) cos(B) = 1/2 [cos(A + B) + cos(A - B)]

sin(A) sin(B) = 1/2 [cos(A - B) - cos(A + B)]

4. Useful Substitutions

For sqrt(a^2 - x^2), use x = a sin(theta)

For sqrt(a^2 + x^2), use x = a tan(theta)

For sqrt(x^2 - a^2), use x = a sec(theta)

5. Standard Trigonometric Integrals

Integral of sin(x) dx = -cos(x) + C

Integral of cos(x) dx = sin(x) + C

Integral of sec^2(x) dx = tan(x) + C


Common Trigonometric Formulas Used in Integration

Integral of csc^2(x) dx = -cot(x) + C

Integral of sec(x) tan(x) dx = sec(x) + C

Integral of csc(x) cot(x) dx = -csc(x) + C

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