Chapter 1 History

History Chapter 1
page# 2-3
### Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. **Which river was the Roman Civilization near?**

a. Nile River

b. Tiber River

c. Indus River

d. Yellow River

**Answer:** b. Tiber River

2. **What was a major reason for the fall of the Western Roman Empire?**

a. Invasion by the Indus Valley Civilization

b. Lack of a strong army

c. Corrupt government and power struggle

d. Decline in trade

**Answer:** c. Corrupt government and power struggle

3. **In what year did the last Western Roman Emperor get overthrown?**

a. 286 BCE

b. 476 CE

c. 753 BCE

d. 250 BCE

**Answer:** b. 476 CE

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4. **Which sea route connected the ancient Roman Empire with other regions
for trade?**

a. Atlantic Ocean

b. Mediterranean Sea

c. Pacific Ocean

d. Black Sea

**Answer:** b. Mediterranean Sea

5. **When did Rome emerge as a group of small villages?**

a. 753 BCE

b. 250 BCE

c. 476 CE

d. 286 BCE

**Answer:** a. 753 BCE

### Short Questions and Answers

1. **Where did the Mesopotamian Civilization develop?**

**Answer:** Along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

2. **What year did Emperor Diocletian split the Roman Empire?**

**Answer:** 286 BCE

3. **Which river was the Ancient Egyptian civilization near?**

**Answer:** Nile River

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Chapter 1 History

4. **What was the capital of the Roman Empire?**

**Answer:** Rome

5. **What significant decision did Constantine make that weakened the

Roman Empire?**

**Answer:** Moving the capital to Constantinople

### True or False

1. **The Chinese Civilization developed along the Indus River.**

**Answer:** False

2. **The Roman Civilization grew near the Tiber River.**

**Answer:** True

3. **By 250 BCE, Rome had become a wealthy and strong civilization.**

**Answer:** True

4. **The decision to move the capital to Constantinople strengthened the

Roman Empire.**

**Answer:** False

5. **The Church of Rome gained more power than the emperors.**

**Answer:** True

### Fill in the Blank

1. The Roman Civilization grew near the __________ River.

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Chapter 1 History

**Answer:** Tiber

2. The early river valley civilizations include the Mesopotamian Civilization

along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, the Indus Valley Civilization near the
Indus River, Ancient Egypt near the Nile River, and the Chinese Civilization
along the __________ River.

**Answer:** Yellow

3. Rome emerged as a group of small villages located on low hills in

__________ BCE.

**Answer:** 753

4. In __________ CE, the last Western Roman Emperor was overthrown by the
German chieftain.

**Answer:** 476

5. The decision of Emperor __________ to move the capital to Constantinople

weakened the Empire.

**Answer:** Constantine

6. The Mediterranean Sea route connected the ancient Roman Empire with
other regions for __________.

**Answer:** trade

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Chapter 1 History

7. By __________ BCE, Rome had become a wealthy and strong civilization

that spread to most of Italy and Greece.

**Answer:** 250

8. Emperor __________ decided to split the Roman Empire into Eastern and
Western halves in 286 BCE.

**Answer:** Diocletian

9. The early civilizations flourished near rivers because they could access
water and find food by __________ and __________.

**Answer:** hunting, fishing

10. The Church of Rome gained __________ powers, even more than the
emperors.

**Answer:** unlimited

### Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. What was one of the reasons for the decline of the Western Roman
Empire?

a) Discovery of new land

b) Corrupt government and power struggles

c) Establishment of new universities

d) Improvement in military strength

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Chapter 1 History

2. How did Constantine’s decision to move the capital affect the Western
Roman Empire?

a) It strengthened the Western Empire

b) It had no impact

c) It weakened the Empire

d) It led to the creation of new trade routes

3. Which institution gained more power than the emperors in the Western
Roman Empire?

a) The Senate

b) The Church of Rome

c) The military

d) The merchants

4. What was the effect of heavy taxes on the common people of the Western
Roman Empire?

a) Improved living standards

b) Migration to other regions

c) Chaotic life and misery

d) Formation of new provinces

5. Who attacked and destroyed most of the Western Roman Empire?

a) Greeks and Egyptians

b) Barbarians and Huns

c) Persians and Babylonians

d) Mongols and Turks

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Chapter 1 History

### True/False Questions

1. The movement of the capital to Constantinople by Constantine

strengthened the Western Roman Empire.

- False

2. The Church of Rome gained unlimited powers, even more than the
emperors.

- True

3. Heavy taxes led to chaos and misery among the common people in the
Western Roman Empire.

- True

4. The Roman army became stronger and helped in maintaining the stability
of the Empire.

- False

5. With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Europe entered a period
known as the Dark Ages.

- True

### Short Answer Questions

1. What was the impact of moving the capital to Constantinople on the

Western Roman Empire?

- The move weakened the Western Roman Empire.

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Chapter 1 History

2. How did heavy taxation affect the lives of the common people in the
Western Roman Empire?

- Heavy taxation made the lives of the common people miserable and led
to chaos in the Empire.

3. Who overthrew the Western Roman Emperor?

- The Western Roman Emperor was overthrown by the German chief.

4. What did the term ‘barbarian’ refer to in ancient times?

- In ancient times, ‘barbarian’ referred to a member of a group who did not

belong to one of the great civilizations (Greek, Roman, Christian) and were
considered to be violent and without culture.

### Fill in the Blanks

1. The Western Roman Emperor was overthrown by the ________ chief.

- German

2. The decision of Constantine to move the capital to ________ weakened the

Empire.

- Constantinople

3. The ________ of Rome gained unlimited powers, even more than the
emperors.

- Church

4. Heavy ________ made the lives of the common people miserable, leading to
chaos in the Empire.

- taxes

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Chapter 1 History

5. The Western Roman Empire entered the ________ Ages after its decline.

- Dark

Chapter 1 page# 4-6

### Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Which social group was at the top of the feudal

hierarchy in medieval Europe?
- A) Knights
- B) Peasants
- C) Nobles
- D) Kings
- **Answer:** D) Kings

2. What was the primary duty of the knights in the

feudal system?
- A) To work on the land
- B) To collect taxes
- C) To protect the nobles and the Church
- D) To provide food to the peasants
- **Answer:** C) To protect the nobles and the
Church

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3. Which crop was typically planted in autumn in

the three-field system?
- A) Peas
- B) Lentils
- C) Wheat
- D) Barley
- **Answer:** C) Wheat

4. What was the main cause of the weakening of

feudalism in the 14th century?
- A) Invention of new agricultural tools
- B) The Black Death plague
- C) Arrival of new settlers
- D) Introduction of new religious practices
- **Answer:** B) The Black Death plague

5. Which institution did not pay tax to the king

during the feudal era?
- A) The nobles
- B) The knights
- C) The Church
- D) The peasants
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Chapter 1 History

- **Answer:** C) The Church

### True/False

1. The peasants were at the top of the feudal

hierarchy.
- **Answer:** False

2. The Black Death plague killed more than a

quarter of Europe's population.
- **Answer:** True

3. The knights had to follow a code of conduct

known as chivalry.
- **Answer:** True

4. The Church was not granted any land in the

feudal system.
- **Answer:** False

5. The feudal system was based on a 'give and

take' principle.
- **Answer:** True

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### Short Answer Questions

1. What were the two categories of peasants in the

feudal system?
- **Answer:** Free peasants and bonded
peasants.

2. How did the nobles support the king in the

feudal system?
- **Answer:** The nobles provided soldiers for
the king's army and managed their own lands and
people.

3. What was the impact of the Black Death plague

on the feudal system?
- **Answer:** It caused a severe labor shortage,
weakening the bonds of feudalism.

4. Why were lands given in different parts of the

country to the nobles?
- **Answer:** To avoid the threat of rebellions.

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Chapter 1 History

5. What led to the establishment of a centralized

government by the end of the 13th century?
- **Answer:** The weakening of the nobles, the
rise of trade, and the payment of soldiers' wages
contributed to the establishment of a centralized
government.

### Fill in the Blanks

1. The feudal system developed between the

_______ and _______ centuries.
- **Answer:** 10th, 13th

2. To attain knighthood, knights had to follow a

code of conduct known as _______.
- **Answer:** chivalry

3. The _______ plague was brought to Europe by the

Mongol invaders.
- **Answer:** Black Death

4. During the period of feudalism, the three-field

system was introduced, where the third field lay
_______ each year.

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Chapter 1 History

- **Answer:** fallow

5. The _______ were responsible for minting their

own coins and managing their lands.
- **Answer:** nobles

Short question with one word answer

1. Who was at the top of the feudal hierarchy?

- **Answer:** King

2. What system was introduced during feudalism that involved rotating crops
among three fields?

- **Answer:** Three-field

3. What code of conduct did knights follow?

- **Answer:** Chivalry

4. Who provided soldiers for the king’s army?

- **Answer:** Nobles

5. What epidemic caused a severe labor shortage in the 14th century?

- **Answer:** Plague

6. Which institution did not pay taxes to the king?

- **Answer:** Church

7. Who worked the land given by the knights?

- **Answer:** Peasants

8. What term describes free peasants cultivating rented land?

- **Answer:** Free

9. What activity flourished, causing peasants to move to towns?

- **Answer:** Trading

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Chapter 1 History

10. What was the primary crop planted in autumn in the three-field system?

- **Answer:** Wheat

Chapter 1 topic:relation with neighbour countries

and Dominance of religion during the medieval.
Page#7-9
### Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Who was the first Roman Emperor to convert to

Christianity?
- A) Theodosius I
- B) Constantine
- C) Justinian
- D) Augustus

2. What was the main reason the Byzantine Empire

had strong diplomatic ties with other countries?
- A) Military strength
- B) Economic prosperity
- C) Location on the main sea-trade route
- D) Religious influence

3. In which year did Christianity become the state

religion of the Roman Empire?
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Chapter 1 History

- A) 476CE
- B) 1054CE
- C) 380CE
- D) 800CE

4. What was the event called when the Church of

Constantinople and the Church of Rome split up in
1054CE?
- A) Great Schism
- B) Protestant Reformation
- C) East-West Schism
- D) Dark Ages

5. What was the role of the Pope during the

Medieval Period?
- A) Head of the military
- B) Supreme religious and political authority
- C) Chief scientist
- D) Emperor of the Byzantine Empire

### True/False

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Chapter 1 History

1. The Byzantine Empire lost Egypt and Syria

during the early Muslim conquests.
- True

2. The Roman Catholic Church was less powerful

than the kings by 1000CE.
- False

3. The Dark Ages lasted from 476CE to 800CE.

- True

4. Missionaries from the Western Roman Empire

spread Christianity during the Middle Ages.
- False

5. Galileo Galilei was declared a heretic and

sentenced to life imprisonment by the Church in
1633CE.
- True

### Fill in the Blanks

1. Constantine was the first Roman Emperor to

convert to ________ and give it a legal status.
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Chapter 1 History

- Christianity

2. The event in 1054CE when the Church of

Constantinople and the Church of Rome split up is
known as the ________.
- East-West Schism

3. The ________ controlled wealth and was the

biggest landowner during the Dark Ages.
- Church

4. The term ________ is used to denote the period of

intellectual darkness in Europe between the Fall of
Rome and the Renaissance.
- Dark Ages

5. ________ was declared the state religion of the

Roman Empire by Emperor Theodosius I in 380CE.
- Christianity

### Short Answer Questions

1. **What were the main reasons for the Byzantine

Empire's diplomatic ties and attacks by invaders?**

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Chapter 1 History

- The Byzantine Empire had strong diplomatic ties due

to its location on the main sea-trade route. It also faced
attacks due to its prosperity and economic strength.

2. **How did the Church influence society and

politics during the Middle Ages?**
- The Church provided spiritual guidance, acted as the
government, and its teachings were absolute. The Pope
had more power than the kings, influencing both the
common people and political matters significantly.

3. **Describe the hierarchy of authority in the

Catholic Church during the Medieval Period.**
- The hierarchy included the Pope at the top, followed
by Archbishops, Cardinals, Lesser Bishops, Abbots of the
Monastery, Priests, and finally Monks/Nuns.

4. **What were the consequences of the Church's

control over arts, literature, philosophy, and
education during the Dark Ages?**
- Progress in these fields halted, as scientists, artists,
and philosophers feared persecution and sometimes hid
their work. New ideas were often punished as
disobedience to the Church.

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Chapter 1 History

5. **What was the impact of the Church's

declaration of Galileo Galilei as a heretic?**
- Galileo's declaration as a heretic and subsequent life
imprisonment demonstrated the Church's continuing
power beyond the Dark Ages and its control over
scientific ideas contrary to its teachings.
### Short Questions with One-Line Answers

1. **Who was the first Roman Emperor to convert

to Christianity?**
- Constantine

2. **When was Christianity declared the state

religion of the Roman Empire?**
- 380CE

3. **What event in 1054CE split the Church of

Constantinople and the Church of Rome?**
- East-West Schism

4. **Who had more power than the kings during

the Middle Ages?**
- The Pope

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Chapter 1 History

5. **What were the main reasons for attacks on the

Byzantine Empire?**
- Prosperity and economic strength

6. **What was the largest landowner during the

Dark Ages?**
- The Church

7. **When did the Dark Ages begin and end?**

- 476CE to 800CE

8. **What was the role of the Pope in the Medieval

Period?**
- Supreme religious and political authority

9. **Who declared Galileo Galilei a heretic?**

- The Church

10. **What did people have to pay one-tenth of

their income to?**
- The Church

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Chapter 1 History

11. **Which empire lost Egypt and Syria during the

early Muslim conquests?**
- The Byzantine Empire

12. **What was a major cause of cultural and

economic decline in Western Europe during the
Middle Ages?**
- Wide-scale warfare

13. **Who could be excommunicated by the Pope?

**
- Anyone, including the King

14. **Which Church reached the peak of its power

and influence by the 11th century?**
- The Eastern Orthodox Church

15. **What was Galileo’s punishment for

contradicting the Church’s beliefs?**
- Life imprisonment

PAGE# 9-10 The Mongol

### Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

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Chapter 1 History

1. Where were the Mongols originally from?

- A) China
- B) India
- C) Mongolia
- D) Russia
- **Answer:** C) Mongolia

2. Who was the founder and first chief of the Mongol

Empire?
- A) Ogedai
- B) Kublai Khan
- C) Timur
- D) Changez Khan
- **Answer:** D) Changez Khan

3. Which significant city did Ogedai plan to conquer before

his death?
- A) Paris
- B) Vienna
- C) Rome
- D) Berlin
- **Answer:** B) Vienna

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Chapter 1 History

4. How long did Muslims rule Jerusalem after Caliph Hazrat

Umar bin Khattab captured it?
- A) 100 years
- B) 200 years
- C) 450 years
- D) 500 years
- **Answer:** C) 450 years

5. What was the primary objective of the Crusades?

- A) To expand the Muslim empire
- B) To convert Muslims to Christianity
- C) To stop the expansion of Muslim states and retake
Jerusalem
- D) To trade with the East
- **Answer:** C) To stop the expansion of Muslim states
and retake Jerusalem

### True or False

1. The Mongols were originally settled tribes who lived in

permanent houses.
- **False**

2. Changez Khan united most of the nomadic tribes of

north-east Asia by 1206 CE.
- **True**
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Chapter 1 History

3. The Mongols posed a major threat to all the

neighbouring settlements of their time.
- **True**

4. Ogedai conquered Vienna before his death.

- **False**

5. The Muslims did not allow pilgrims of other religions to

visit Jerusalem during their rule.
- **False**

### Fill in the Blanks

1. The Mongols were natives of __________.

- **Mongolia**

2. Changez Khan was the founder and first chief of the

__________ Empire.
- **Mongol**

3. In the 13th century, the Mongols made a politically

motivated move around the __________ Sea.
- **Caspian**

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Chapter 1 History

4. After the death of Changez Khan, his son __________

continued his journey.
- **Ogedai**

5. The primary objective of the __________ was to stop the

expansion of Muslim states and retake control of the holy
land.
- **Crusades**

### Short One-Line Answers

1. Who were the Mongols?

- The Mongols were natives of Mongolia, known for
being nomadic tribes who reared cattle and lived in
temporary houses.

2. What is Changez Khan known for?

- Changez Khan is known for uniting most of the
nomadic tribes of north-east Asia and founding the
Mongol Empire.

3. What significant event happened around the Caspian

Sea in the 13th century involving the Mongols?
- The Mongols killed many Russian soldiers on the banks
of the River Kalka.

4. How did the situation in Jerusalem change in 1009 CE?

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Chapter 1 History

- Fatimid Caliph Al Hakim created hurdles for Christian

pilgrims visiting Jerusalem, worsening the situation.

5. What was the objective of the Crusades?

- The objective of the Crusades was to stop the
expansion of Muslim states and retake control of
Jerusalem.

Chapter 1 Review Exercise Page# 11

### REVIEW YOUR LEARNING

1. **Reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire:**

- **Economic troubles:** Heavy taxation and reliance on
slave labor diminished innovation and caused financial strain.
- **Military issues:** Frequent invasions by barbarian tribes,
and the overreliance on mercenary forces weakened the Roman
military.
- **Political corruption:** Inefficient and corrupt leadership,
and frequent changes in leadership, destabilized governance.
- **Social decay:** A decline in civic pride and participation
weakened societal cohesion.
- **Division of the Empire:** The split into the Eastern and
Western Roman Empires made each half less capable of
addressing external and internal threats.

2. **Feudalism:**

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Chapter 1 History

- **Definition:** A social system in medieval Europe where

nobles were granted lands by the king in exchange for military
service. Vassals were tenants of the nobles, while serfs worked
the land.
- **Social hierarchy:**
- **King:** At the top, granted land to lords.
- **Nobles/Lords:** Managed lands and owed military
service to the king.
- **Vassals/Knights:** Served the lords militarily in return
for land.
- **Peasants/Serfs:** Worked the land and provided food
and services to the upper classes.

3. **Lands were not granted to nobles in the same

geographical location:**
- To prevent any one noble from amassing too much power in a
single area, which could lead to rebellion against the king.
- To ensure control and loyalty, as nobles would have to travel
and manage their dispersed lands, reducing the risk of
coordinated resistance.

4. **Reasons for the decline of feudalism and its

unfairness:**
- **Economic changes:** The growth of trade and towns
reduced reliance on the feudal system.
- **Black Death:** Reduced the population, leading to labor
shortages and increased bargaining power for serfs.

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Chapter 1 History

- **Peasant revolts:** Unrest among peasants who were tired

of oppressive conditions.
- **Centralized power:** Monarchs gained more power,
reducing the influence of feudal lords.
- **Unfair system:** It perpetuated inequality, as peasants
had little to no rights or mobility and were often subject to harsh
conditions imposed by their lords.

5. **Importance of the Byzantine Empire:**

- **Cultural and economic hub:** Preserved Greco-Roman
culture and served as a center of trade between Europe and Asia.
- **Defensive buffer:** Protected Europe from eastern
invasions.
- **Religious significance:** Center of Orthodox Christianity.
- **Repeated invasions:** Due to its wealth, strategic
location, and religious significance, it was targeted by various
powers including Arabs, Seljuk Turks, and Crusaders.

6. **Middle Ages as the Dark Ages:**

- So-called due to the perceived cultural and economic decline
following the fall of the Roman Empire.
- Lack of historical records, intellectual stagnation, and the
prevalence of wars and diseases contributed to this view.

7. **Origin of the Mongols and Genghis Khan's impact:**

- Originated as nomadic tribes in the Central Asian steppes.

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Chapter 1 History

- **Changez Khan:** United the tribes, established a merit-

based leadership system, implemented strict discipline, and
innovative military strategies, which made them a formidable
force.

8. **Crusade:**
- **Definition:** Military expeditions by Western European
Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control.
- **Causes:**
- Religious zeal and desire to reclaim Jerusalem.
- Papal encouragement and the promise of indulgences.
- Economic and territorial expansion motives.
- Opportunities for younger sons of nobles to gain land and
status.

### THINK AND CHOOSE

1. The feudal system became common during the:

- **a. Tenth century CE**

2. Under the feudal system, the king was answerable only

to the:
- **b. Church**

3. The growing power of the monarchy led to the rebellion

of the:

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Chapter 1 History

- **d. Lords**

4. __________ was the first ruler to convert to Christianity

and give it a legal status.
- **a. Constantine**

5. The __________ played a significant role in defining

society and politics.
- **a. Church**

6. The Mongols attacked Eastern Europe in the __________

century.
- **a. Thirteenth**

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