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Enhancing Aerodynamic Performance of Airfoils

The project report titled 'Experimental Study on Symmetrical Airfoil to Enhance the Aerodynamic Performance' focuses on improving the aerodynamic capabilities of aircraft wings to increase lift. The study involves the design and analysis of a modified NACA 0012 airfoil geometry, comparing baseline and modified configurations through CFD and experimental methods. The findings indicate that the modified geometry yields greater lift compared to the baseline design.

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10 views8 pages

Enhancing Aerodynamic Performance of Airfoils

The project report titled 'Experimental Study on Symmetrical Airfoil to Enhance the Aerodynamic Performance' focuses on improving the aerodynamic capabilities of aircraft wings to increase lift. The study involves the design and analysis of a modified NACA 0012 airfoil geometry, comparing baseline and modified configurations through CFD and experimental methods. The findings indicate that the modified geometry yields greater lift compared to the baseline design.

Uploaded by

abhijeetyadav159752
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

A Project report on

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of


Bachelor of Technology
in
Aeronautical Engineering

Submitted by

Under the
guidance of

2022-2023

I
DECLARATION

We hereby declare that, the work reported in this project report

entitled ‘Experimental Study on Symmetrical Airfoil to Enhance the Aerodynamic

Performance’ which is being submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the

award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Aeronautical Engineering from

Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering, Ashta has not been submitted to any

University or Institution for the award of any degree.

Place : Ashta

Date :

Name of Student URN. Sign


Mr. Akhade Swaraj Hanumant 19171008
Mr. Koulapure Suraj Anil 19171028
Mr. Kukade Niranjan Sunil 19171045
Mr. Yadav Abhijeet Anil 17171051

II
B O N A F I D E CERTIFICATE

The research work embodied in the present Thesis entitled “Experimental Study On
Symmetrical Airfoil to Enhance the Aerodynamics Performance” has been carried out in
the Department of Aeronautical Engineering , Annasaheb Dange college of Engineering and
Technology ,Ashta. The work reported here in is original and does not form part of any other
thesis or dissertation on the basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier
occasion or to any other scholar.

I understand the University’s policy on plagiarism and declare that the thesis and publications
are my own work, except where specifically acknowledged and has not been copied from
other sources or been previously submitted for award or assessment.

NAMES,

Mr. Akhade Swaraj Hanumant


(19171008) Mr. Koulapure Suraj Anil
(19171028)
Mr. Kukade Niranjan Sunil (19171045)
Mr. Yadav Abhijeet Anil (17171051)

MR. SANOJ P. SURESH

SUPERVISOR

Assistant Professor

Aeronautical Engineering

Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering

and Techanology Ashta. 416301

Date: 18/11/2022

III
ABSTRACT
Aerodynamic Performance is a key component in aircraft design and
development. The aircraft wing is a key component for producing lift. It enhances an
aircraft's effectiveness and efficiency. The most significant component of the aircraft
that produces lift is the wing. Depending on the kind of aircraft and its use, wings come
in a variety of designs. A wing is a particular kind of fin with a surface that generates
aerodynamic force for flying through the atmosphere. The drag force is applied in the
direction opposite to the displacement of the plane, while the lift force is applied
upward and acting perpendicular to the displacement of the wing.
As we needed greater lift, we had to improve the wing's aerodynamic
capabilities, thus we added ducts to the wing to achieve this. We must thus optimize the
design parameter and employ appropriate materials that are better suited to meet our
demands in order to do that analysis. We created an aircraft wing using the NACA
0012 airfoil geometry, which has a chord of 220mm. For modified geometry, we used
the same NACA 0012 airfoil and cut slots from the leading edge to the quarter chord
point.
When we trim the slots, we also get the goal of weight reduction, which is equally as
crucial to the creation of additional lift. We carried out the whole experiment in two
ways that is CFD and Experimental Analysis And we compare the results of baseline
and modified and from that we concluded we get the more amount of lift from modified
geometry as compared to baseline.

IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our deep and sincere gratitude to our Guide Mr. Sanoj.P.
Suresh Department of Aeronautical Engineering, for guiding us to accomplish this
Project work It was our privilege and pleasure to work under his able guidance. We
are indeed grateful to him for providing helpful suggestion, from time to time. Due
to his constant encouragement and inspiration, we are able to present this project.

We express our deep gratitude to Mr. Kiran Babu, Head of Aeronautical


Engineering Department, for his valuable guidance and constant encouragement.
We are very much thankful to Director Dr. Vikram Patil, Annasaheb dange college
of engineering and technology, Ashta for providing all the necessary facilities to
carry out project work. Also, we heartly thanks to Annasaheb Dange College of
Pharmacy, Ashta to providing all necessary facilities regarding to our project. Last
but not least we are thankful to our parents for their moral as well as financial
support.

V
TABLE OF CONTENT

SR. NO. CHAPTER NAME PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 OBJECTIVE 2
1.2 SCOPE
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 8

4 SELECTION CRITERIA
9
4.1 SELECTION OF AIRFOIL
4.2 WING DESIGN
10
4.2.1 BASELINE WING DESIGN
4.2.2 MODIFIED WING DESIGN
[Link] 9_HOLES 13
[Link] FLAT SLOT
[Link] V_SLOT
5 ANSYS SETUP 19

6 6.1 RESULT
6.2 CONCLUSION 31

8 8.1 REFERENCE
38

VI
LIST OF FIGURES

SR. CONTENTS FIGURE PAGE


NO. NO.
NO.

VI
I
1 Baseline wing design 1 10

Side view of Baseline meshing 2 11


2

Isometric view of Baseline meshing 3 12


3

4 Front view of flat slot 4 13

Side view of Flat Slot meshing 5 14


5

Front view of V slot 8 15


6

Inside view of V SLOT meshing 10 16


7

Front view of 9 Holes geometry 12 17


8

Inside View of 9 Holes meshing 14 18


9

Pressure Contour ( AOA 100 ) 16 31


10

Pressure Contour ( AOA 150 ) 18 32


11

12 Pressure Contour ( AOA 200 ) 20 33

Pressure Contour 9 Holes(AOA 50) 22 34


13

14 AOA vs CL validate with published results 24 36


AOA vs CD validate with published results 25 36

VI
II

Common questions

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The findings underscore the importance of design modifications, such as slots and ducts, in enhancing aerodynamic performance, suggesting that future projects should prioritize innovations that optimize lift and efficiency. Resource allocation may increasingly target computational modeling capabilities and material technologies to develop lightweight, efficient designs. Additionally, reinforcing the value of integrating experimental verification with computational predictions could guide methodologies across future engineering projects .

The study utilized both Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and experimental testing to evaluate the aerodynamic performance of the modified airfoil. This dual approach allowed the researchers to cross-validate findings; computational models predicted performance which was then verified through physical testing. The combination provides robustness in the results, ensuring reliability and aiding in uncovering discrepancies that might not be evident in a single-method analysis .

A systematic literature review is crucial as it provides a comprehensive understanding of existing knowledge, helps identify research gaps, and ensures that the study builds on previous findings rather than duplicating efforts. For this aerodynamics research, such a review would have informed the selection of baseline designs and modifications, ensuring that the proposed solutions were novel and based on the best available evidence in aerodynamic enhancement methods .

The key design parameters for optimizing an aircraft wing include the geometry of the wing, specifically utilizing airfoils like the NACA 0012, and the incorporation of features such as ducts or slots to improve lift. Material selection is crucial to balance performance demands like durability and weight reduction. The goal is to enhance aerodynamic capabilities by optimizing the design and employing materials that better meet specific demands .

Choosing NACA 0012, a symmetrical airfoil, is instrumental in aerodynamic performance due to its ability to provide stable lift characteristics and predictability in aircraft design. Its geometry allows effective manipulation through modifications like slots to further enhance lift. The study's results demonstrated that despite the modifications, the fundamental stable properties of the NACA 0012 contribute greatly to lifting performance improvements .

The addition of ducts in wing design serves to control airflow over the wing, modifying pressure distributions crucial for lift production. In the study, the ducts were strategically incorporated to manage flow patterns, leading to an increase in lift. The modification demonstrated that such design alterations could effectively manipulate aerodynamic forces to achieve performance improvements necessary for various aircraft applications .

The study utilized Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and experimental analysis to validate the improvements in aerodynamic performance of the modified airfoil design. By comparing the baseline and modified designs, it was determined that the modified design, with its slot features, produced more lift than the baseline design. These findings were corroborated by experimental data and validated with published results of angle of attack versus coefficient of lift (CL) and drag (CD).

Modifying the NACA 0012 airfoil by adding slots from the leading edge to the quarter chord point significantly increases lift. The slots provide an aerodynamic improvement and help in weight reduction, which collectively contribute to enhanced lift. The study compared the baseline and modified geometries through CFD and experimental analysis and concluded that the modified design yielded a greater amount of lift .

Weight reduction is a crucial factor in enhancing lift because it can decrease the overall aerodynamic load on the aircraft, allowing more force to be directed towards lift. In the modified NACA 0012 airfoil design, slots are used not only to manipulate airflow to improve lift but also to reduce the weight of the wing structure. Both aspects—optimized airflow and weight reduction—work synergistically to enhance lift performance .

The pressure contour analysis for the modified airfoil designs at various angles of attack (AOA) revealed that the modified airfoil provided more efficient pressure distribution compared to the baseline. At AOAs such as 10°, 15°, and 20°, the pressure contours showed reduced pressure on the top surface and increased pressure on the bottom surface of the wing, resulting in greater lift. This confirmed that the modifications effectively improved lift across various operational angles .

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