Point-On-Wave Switching
With RPH2
Kochlergang 14 – 4060 Leonding – Austria
Phone: +43 732 6933-0 – Fax: +43 732 6933-200
[Link]
What Is The Problem?
Random 3 pole switching:
● Problems on energizing:
● Power transformers ⇒ high inrush currents
● Shunt reactors ⇒ high inrush currents
● Capacitor banks ⇒ high inrush currents
⇒ high overvoltages
● Long overhead lines ⇒ high overvoltages
● Problems on deenergizing:
● Shunt reactors ⇒ high overvoltages
(re-ignitions in cb)
● Capacitor banks ⇒ high overvoltages
(restrikes in cb)
Schneider Electric Energy U. Samitz/EPS – 2011 2
Solution Of The Problem
RPH2 for circuit closing and opening
●Closing resistors:
● additional cost up to 30% of C.B. cost
● high maintenance cost
● limited energy absorption of resistors
●Point-On-Wave switching
● for every C.B. with single pole drive
● for power transformer, capacitor
bank and shunt reactor switching
● C.B closing and opening
● no limitations
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Function Of Closing Resistor
C.B. open
closing resistor connected
C.B. main contact closed,
resistor short-circuited
closing resistor disconnected
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RPH2 Circuit Closing (inductive)
Reference
2
voltage
3
Current
t_arc
1
CB-ON
command
to RPH2 t_d CB operating time
Command
by RPH2
4
CB main
contact
t_arc...pre-arcing time of CB time
t_d... delay time of RPH2
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RPH2 Circuit Closing (capacitive)
Reference 2
voltage
3
Current
t_arc
1
CB-ON
command
t_d CB operating time
to RPH2
Command
by RPH2
4
CB main
contact
t_arc...pre-arcing time of CB time
t_d... delay time of RPH2
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RPH2 Capacitor Bank Switching
Ud
|u|
Up1
Up2
T CB
T T
voltage across the open contact gap and withstand voltage fall
with varying closing time TCB ± ∆T
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RPH2 Capacitor Bank Switching
Ud
|u|
t_arc
Up1 Up2 =Up1
T CB
T T
voltage across the open contact gap and withstand voltage fall
with varying closing time TCB ± ∆T
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RPH2 Circuit Opening (inductive)
Reference 2
voltage
3
Current 4
1 t_arc
CB-OFF
command
to RPH2 t_d CB operating time
Command
by RPH2
CB main
contact
time
t_arc...arcing time of CB
t_d ...delay time of RPH2
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Random Switching (Transformer)
Inrush current
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Synchronized Switching (Transformer)
Noise on CT line
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Capacitor Switching (145 kV/ 54 MVar Bank)
Random Switching Synchronized Switching
Current
Time
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RPH2 History
●1984 Start of development RPH1 (analogue)
●1986 First delivery of RPH1
251 RPH1 delivered all over the world for
switching of:
● transformers (65%)
● capacitor banks (8%)
● shunt reactors (27%)
●1994 Start of development RPH2 (digital)
●1996 First delivery of RPH2
●2011 1700 relays delivered
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RPH2 Features
●Microprocessor controlled
●Modular design
●Circuit closing and opening with one device
●Compensation system
●Adaptive control
●Current monitoring
●Alarm functions
●Archive functions
●Circuit breaker monitoring system
●Self-monitoring
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RPH2 Block Diagram
L1
L2
L3
Point on Wave-Controller
RPH 2
External Measuring
.....
Analogue Input Unit
Voltage Input 4..20mA T Temperature
CB Signalling
-Q0 -Q0 -Q0
L1 L2 L3 Output Contacts (var)
Hydraulik Oil
4..20mA P Preassure
Central
Output Unit
Current Measuring Module
Control
-T1L1
Unit
-T1L2
-T1L3
Neutral Earthing
Signalling -Q0 -Q0 -Q0
Power Supply(=V coil) L1 L2 L3
+ -
CB command
P
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RPH2 Functions
1 one channel (closing or tripping) Option A0:
2 two channels compensation of operating voltage
and ambient temperature
S-Module:
6 additional alarm contacts Option A1:
6 additional opto-inputs compensation of operating voltage,
I-Module: ambient temperature and one
display of the graphs of the hydraulic pressure
currents during switching
Option A3:
compensation of operating voltage,
ambient temperature and three
hydraulic pressures
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RPH2 Flush Mounting
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RPH2 Front View
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RPH2 Technical Data
● Reference voltage:100/ √3;220/ √3 AC ● Temperature range: -55°C to +55°C
Operative range: 15-105V;30-250V AC
Rated frequency:16.7 ;50; 60 Hz ● Measuring inputs:
Power consumption: <2 VA Control voltage: internal
Pressure: 4...20 mA
● Supply voltage: 48V - 250 V DC Temperature: 4...20 mA
Operative range: 35V - 300 V DC ● Accuracy of measurement:
Power consumption: <20W
Control voltage: ±3%
● Current inputs: 1A and 5A Pressure: ±3%
Rated short time current: 100 x In/ 1s Temperature: ±3%
Power consumption: <1 VA Current: ±10%
● Current of CB coils: max. 14.5A/ 1s CB monitoring: ±0.1 ms
● Internal field voltage: 48V DC
● Min. command time: 100 ms
● Signalling inputs: potential free
● Polarity of command: positive/negative contacts (field voltage) required
● Resolution of time setting: 0.1 ms ● Alarm outputs: potential free contacts
● Accuracy of switching times: ±0.3 ms Contact rating:24-250V AC/DC
(over temp. range -55°C to +55°C) max. 70VA/ max. 3A
● Repeat accuracy: 0.1 ms ● Communication port: RS 232
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RPH2 Voltage Compensation
HPF 516/6G tripping time variation vs.
control voltage (spring drive mechansim)
32
31
30
t [ms]
29
28
27
140 160 180 200 220 240
Operating Voltage [V]
Compensation function of RPH2
Measured Values
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RPH2 Pressure Compensation
FEX2 closing time variation vs. pressure
65
64
63
Operating time [ms]
62
61
60
280 285 290 295 300 305 310 315 320
Pressure [Bar]
Closing time of CB
Calculated operating time by RPH2
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RPH2 Temperature Compensation (1)
Tripping time variation vs. Ambient temperature (minimum
oil C.B. spring drive mechanism) exponential function
35
30
Op. Time [ms]
25
20
-40 -20 0 20 40
Temperature [°C]
Tripping time of CB
Compensation function of RPH2
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RPH2 Temperature Compensation (2)
Closinging time variation vs. ambient temperature (SF6
C.B. spring drive mechanism) piecewise linear function
3
∆t [ms]
-1
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50
Temperature [°C]
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RPH2 Adaptive Control (1)
●The CB operating times are not constant over the
time
●Due to wear and tear time deviations my occur
●The compensation function cannot detect this effect
Solution:
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RPH2 Adaptive Control (2)
TCB setting Reference
voltage
circuit breaker
∆TCB comp
operating
coil
Σ actual CB time Control Unit
last CB time
-
measured
∆T adapt K Σ CB time
aux. contact
Auxilliary contacts with high accuracy
Time resolution of measured operating times +/- 0.1 ms
K = 0.0 to 0.5
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RPH2 Adaptive Control (3)
Data origin: Mitsubishi
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Current Measurement Module (Closing)
Closing Of A Power Transformer
el. contact touch
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Current Measurement Module (Tripping)
Tripping Of A Shunt Reactor
arc quenching dying out of the
current transformer
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Summary
●RPH2 works with all types of C.B.
● minimum oil C.B.
● SF6 C.B.
● air blast C.B.
● RPH2 works with all types of drive mechanism
● spring drive mechanism
● hydraulic drive mechanism
●RPH2 suitable to control all types of loads
● power transformers
● capacitor banks (closing and opening)
● shunt reactors (closing and opening)
● long unloaded overhead lines
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Commissioning (1)
Measurement of switching moments by Oscilloscope
●1x reference voltage
●3x command to CB
CB at least 1 command is required
RPH2 U_ref
●1 channel for trigger
●3x current transformer
I
●3x voltage transformer (if
U
available)
●for transformer and reactor
(3) 3 3(T) 1 closing the measured
voltages are more suitable
Oscilloscope
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Commissioning (2)
● Compensation function ON (if available)
● Adaptive control OFF (if available)
● activation after setting of Aux. Timeshift
● Measurement of switching moments by Oscilloscope
● Measurement of the deviation of the switching moments to
the reference point (see Table 1 in the manual)
L3 = 3.3
L2 = 6.7
L1 = 0
Example:
Capacitor grounded
50 Hz
reference point L1 L2 L3
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Commissioning (3)
reference voltage
moment of el. contact touch
T-x
Capacitor
grounded
T+x
reference point (Table 1 in manual)
Pole operating time - T-x Pole operating time + T+x
or or
Arching time + T-x Arching time – T+x
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Commissioning (4)
increase pole operating time
or
decrease arching time
CB setting_new
t_d2 T+x
CB setting_old
expected
t_arc
Reference
voltage
t_arc
measured
T+x
t_d1 CB setting_old
t_arc...pre-arcing time of CB time
t_d... delay time of RPH2
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Commissioning (5)
Transformer, neutral grounded (5/10/10)
Voltage and current measurement
point on wave U_ref
current
reference point
current
bad timing good timing
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Commissioning (6)
Transformer, neutral grounded (5/10/10)
Current measurement only (phase L1 pictured)
induced spikes on current signal
inrush current
el. contact touch U_ref
normal view current zoomed
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