INSTITUTE OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING (IRDP)

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIROMENTAL PLANNING

FIELD ATTACHMENT REPORT CONDUCTED AT MBEYA CITY COUNCIL

BY

MERCE B. JONAS

BACHELOR DEGREE IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

SECOND YEAR,2023/2024

[Link] 138

DODOMA-TANZANIA

PHONE/FAX: 0764160551

E-MAIL: rector@[Link]

WEBSITE: [Link]

SEPTEMBER, 2024
 ABSTRACT
This field attachment report is a part of practical work as what the Institute of Rural
Development Planning need to accomplish the students learning program. During the second
year all students are required to conduct a field attachment at any organization, company,
institute dealing with issues similar to his or her course. This field work attachment for the
second-year student was conducted at Mbeya City Council and the time duration for the field
was 8 weeks from 8July to 30 August 2024where different activities was conducted and
observed and it was done in participatory way with the purpose of giving students skills into
actual practical also help to develop ability on performing activities particularly planning
activities which are relevant to their field studies or station.
The field report covers different issues like, background of the organization, specific objectives
of the organization, the experiences gained from the field and also the problems and
achievement of the organization, the conclusion and recommendation of the field report.

The main objective of Field Attachment was to understand the working environment and learns
on how to manage the Environments, solid waste control and official issues also to learn on
how Mbeya city council conducts its activities.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank almighty God for his support by allowing me to have good health and
wisdom in the preparation of this report and protection in every step we moved during the
whole period of the field Attachment work.

The report was made possible through the support provided by my parent Mrs. MAGDARENA
SAIN SHITAMBALA and BURTON JONAS NTONDWE and my brother MUSA ARON
JONAS who supported me in other ways such as morally and financially during the whole
period of my field attachment.

Also, the special thanks to my supervisor of this field practical Ms. JANETH MIGAMBA for
his constructive advice and guidance.

Finally, I would like to thank the head of department of solid waste management and sanitation
at Mbeya city council Mr. NEHEMIA MWAKATOBE, environmental officers Mr. ROBERT
ELIAKIM LUKA and LEVINA EMANUEL, who supervise me during the whole field
attachment and other staffs of department and all workers from environmental Departments in
Mbeya city Council who in one way or the other contributed for my achievements up to date.

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 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
AIDS - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

GIS - Geographical Information System

Ha - Hectare
HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus
IMR - Infant Mortality Rate

IRDP - Institute of Rural Development Planning

Km - Kilometer

MCC - Mbeya City Council

MMR - Maternal Mortality Rate

PO-RALG - President Ministers Office- Regional Administration and Local Government

PRI - Private

PUB - Public

TANZAM – Tanzania and Zambia high way

TAZARA- Tanzania and Zambia Railway

UTI - Urinary Tract Infection

WEOs - Ward Executive Officers

FA - Field attachment

EMA- Environmental Management Act

EA - Environmental Audit

EIA- Environmental Management

FPT - Field Practical Training

MCC- Mbeya city council

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 DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS.
A number of terms have been defined to enable users understand the intended meaning and for
clarity purposes. The main terms are as follows: -

Vision; Is the desired or intended future state of an organization in terms of its fundamental
objective and strategic direction. It represents the ideal goal that guides decision - making,
strategy development and action (Meyer and Robins on 2012).

Mission; Is fundamental purpose of and organization, briefly describing why it exists and what
it does to achieve its vision. The mission helps guide strategic decision-making and provides a
sense of direction and focus for the organizations activities (Meyer and Robinson,2012)

Core Values; Core values are guiding principles that all members and employees of the
organization will commit themselves to follow towards the attainment of the shared and agreed
vision.

Objectives; Objectives are organization’s performance results and outcomes it wants to

achieve and improvement to be made as part of its strategic direction.

Organization; is a social unit of people, systematically structured and managed to meet a need
or to pursue collective goals on a continuing basis.

Environment; is the SumTotal of all the living and non-living elements and their effects
that influence human life. [NEMC land management system,2023].

Function; is a relationship or correspondence between two sets typically called the input and
output.

Planning; is the process of setting goals by selecting the issues which are more valuable to be
considered in action. Also, it involves analyzing the current situation, identifying future
opportunities and developing a roadmap to guide decision -making and resource allocation
(Broughton,2008).

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................ i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .........................................................................................................ii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................ iii
DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS. ............................................................................................. iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................... v
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... viii
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... ix
CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Profile of the field attachment area (Mbeya city council) ................................................ 1
1.3 Historical background ...................................................................................................... 1
1.4 Location and Accessibility ............................................................................................... 2
1.4.1 Topography and Climate ............................................................................................... 3
1.4.2 Population Size and Distribution................................................................................... 4
1.5 Ethnic Groups ................................................................................................................... 4
1.6 Administrative Structure .............................................................................................. 5
1.7 Economic Activities ......................................................................................................... 7
1.8 Land Area and Land Use .................................................................................................. 7
1.9 Social Services ................................................................................................................. 8
1.10 Health Services ............................................................................................................. 10
1.10.1 Health situation ......................................................................................................... 10
1.10.2 Health facilities ......................................................................................................... 10
1.10.3 Child Nutrition .......................................................................................................... 10
1.1.14 Sanitation. ..................................................................................................................... 11
1.10.4 Solid Waste Management.......................................................................................... 11
1.10.5 Composition of solid waste ....................................................................................... 13
1.11 Actors in Solid Waste Management ............................................................................. 13
1.12 Sewerage and sanitation ............................................................................................... 14
1.13 Urban water supply ...................................................................................................... 14
1.14 Productive Sectors ........................................................................................................ 14
1.14.1 Cash crops ................................................................................................................. 15
1.14.2 Irrigation .................................................................................................................... 15

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 1.14.3 Livestock Keeping..................................................................................................... 15
1.14.4 Tourism ..................................................................................................................... 16
1.14.5 Industry...................................................................................................................... 16
1.14.6 Beekeeping ................................................................................................................ 17
1.14.7 Forest ......................................................................................................................... 17
1.15 Economic infrastructure ............................................................................................... 18
1.15.1 Road .......................................................................................................................... 18
1.15.2 Railway services ........................................................................................................ 18
1.15.3 Telecommunications Service .................................................................................... 18
1.16 Objectives and functions of Mbeya city council. ......................................................... 19
1.17 Functions of Mbeya city council. ................................................................................. 19
1.18 Background Information to Mbeya city council .......................................................... 20
1.18.1 Vision ........................................................................................................................ 20
1.18.2 Mission ...................................................................................................................... 20
1.19 Core Values .................................................................................................................. 21
CHAPTER TWO ..................................................................................................................... 22
2.0 PRESENTATION AND DISCUSION .......................................................................... 22
2.1 Involvement in the organization activities ..................................................................... 22
2.1.1 First Week ................................................................................................................... 22
2.1.2 Second Week ............................................................................................................... 22
2.1.3 Third Week.................................................................................................................. 22
2.1.4 Fourth Week ................................................................................................................ 23
2.1.5 Fifth Week ................................................................................................................... 23
2.1.6 Six Week ..................................................................................................................... 23
2.1.7 Seven Week ................................................................................................................. 23
2.1.8 Eight Week .................................................................................................................. 23
2.2 Preparation of action plan .............................................................................................. 24
2.2.1 Visiting Nsalaga sanitary landfill ................................................................................ 24
2.2.2 Reading the waste picker’s proposal and summarization. .......................................... 24
2.2.3 Attending meeting of environmental sanitation .......................................................... 25
2.2.4 Presenting a report on solid waste management ......................................................... 25
2.2.5 Attending Nane Nane for environmental clearness supervision ................................. 26
2.2.6 Learning Theory of Geographical Information System (GIS) .................................... 26
2.2.7 Visiting waste treatment at Karobe ward in Mbeya .................................................. 26
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 2.2.8 Wastewater Generation ............................................................................................... 26
2.2.9 Pre-treatment ............................................................................................................... 27
2.2.10 Primary Treatment..................................................................................................... 27
2.3 Achievement and challenges faced by Mbeya City Council.......................................... 30
2.3.1 Achievement gained by Mbeya City Council. ............................................................ 30
2.3.2 Challenges facing by the organization ........................................................................ 31
CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................................. 32
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................... 32
3.1 Conclusion...................................................................................................................... 32
3.2 Recommendations .......................................................................................................... 32
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................ 34

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 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 Map of Mbeya region ............................................................................................... 3
Figure 1.2 Mbeya City Council Ward Boundary Map .............................................................. 5
Figure 1.3 Mbeya city organization Admiration structure......................................................... 6
Figure 1.4: Mbeya city council land uses 2024 ........................................................................ 7
Figure 1.5 Showing Solid Waste Collection Points. ................................................................ 11
Figure 1.6 Showing Nsalaga Sanitary Landfill at Mbeya City Council. ................................. 12
Figure 1.7 Composition of Solid Waste in MCC 2022 ............................................................ 13
Figure 1.8: Showing people involving differently in solid waste management in different
areas at Mbeya city council...................................................................................................... 13
Figure 1.9: The Ngosi Crater Natural Lake ............................................................................. 16
Figure 2.1 Showing Screens and Grit Chamber....................................................................... 27
Figure 2.2 Showing Aerobic Pond ........................................................................................... 28
Figure 2.3 Showing Facultative Pond ...................................................................................... 29
Figure 2.4 Showing Maturation Pond ...................................................................................... 29

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 LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1: population size by age and sex group. ...................................................................... 4
Table 1.2 Administrative units of Mbeya city council .............................................................. 5
Table 1.3: Distribution of Primary Schools by Ownership in Mbeya city council 2018- 2024 8
Table 1.4: Number of Secondary Schools by Division and Ownership, Mbeya City Council,
2018– 2022................................................................................................................................. 8
Table 1.5: Number of Adult Education Centers and Enrolments by Division, Mbeya City
Council, 2020and 2022 .............................................................................................................. 9
Table 1.6 Distribution of Health Facilities by Ownership and Division, Mbeya City Council,
2024.......................................................................................................................................... 10
Table 1.7 Malnutrition for Children under One Year by Division, Mbeya City Council, 2021
and 2022 ................................................................................................................................... 11
Table 1.8 Solid waste generation trends in Mbeya City from 2019-2024 ............................... 12
Table 1.9 availability of toilets by division in Mbeya CC. ...................................................... 14
Table 1.10 Status of Forest Cover by Division, Mbeya City Council, 2024 ........................... 17
Table 1.11 Estimated Value of Charcoal (Tshs. ‘000’) in MCC 2020/21- 2021/22 ................ 17
Table 1.12 Road Networks by Type, Division (Kms), in Mbeya City Council, 2022 ............ 18

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 CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
Generally, I decided to conduct a field attachment at Mbeya city Council specifically in waste
management and sanitation department so that I can be able to link the knowledge and skills
gained during class sessions with the practical application in real life situation of planning,
implementation, monitoring and evaluation of different development projects also to be aware
with various activities undertaken in planning of different development projects at Local
Government Authorities. The field attachment was conducted at Mbeya city council in waste
management and sanitation Department from 8 July
The report contains two main chapter in which a first chapter presents a profile of Mbeya city
Council, in brief and background information of Mbeya city council
Second chapter describes how the Organization involved the student in various activities, the
experience gained by the student from the organization, the achievement and challenges faced
by the organization, Conclusion and Recommendation

1.2 Profile of the field attachment area (Mbeya city council)

This subsection provides information about, historical back ground, location, population
distribution, administrative structure, economic status, health, education, land uses and so on
concerning Mbeya city council contains different objectives of field attachment first it allows
student to assess their own work performance in terms of professional problems, second it
allow the student to put they have learned in class into practice by tackling various
circumstances during field work. Third It improves and maintains student ability to conduct
workshops, as well as their ability to be successful and efficient in their responsibility terms of
employment and ethics.

1.3 Historical background

The historical background of Mbeya City can be traced back to 1927. The town developed
drastically into large settlement in 1935 by colonial government as a small agricultural
settlement for European farmers. In 1952 the town started to expand fast due to the decision of
the colonial government to shift the headquarters of the Southern Highland Province from
Iringa to Mbeya. It is the one of the 4 cities in Tanzania mainland. The name “Mbeya” in fact
originated from a local word “IMBEJE” which was used by the indigenous people during the
batter transactions to mean SALT.

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The foreign traders failed to pronounce “IMBEJE” appropriately, and decided instead to call
the product MBEYA to mean the same. In 1955 the town started to expand enormously
following the colonial Government decision to shift the Southern Zone Province Headquarters
from Iringa to Mbeya. In 1980 Mbeya Towns was officially accorded Municipality status. In
1955 the town started to expand enormously following the colonial Government decision to
shift the Southern Zone Province Headquarters from Iringa to Mbeya. In 1980 Mbeya Towns
was officially accorded Municipality status. Similarly, in the late 2005, Mbeya Municipality
was promoted to become a City Council.

1.4 Location and Accessibility

Mbeya City Council is one of the Eight (8) Council in Mbeya Region; Others are Chunya,
Mbarali, Mbozi, Kyela, Ileje, Rungwe and Mbeya rural. It has both the highway and the railway
line (TAZARA) linking Tanzania to Southern African countries which pass through the City
making it one of the famous and important entry and exit (interaction) points in the country.
The City is also accessible to the neighboring country of Zambia by the TANZAM highway
and the famous TAZARA railway, and to Malawi and Zimbabwe by road (through the
Tanzania/ Malawi border- 109 Km) and the Democratic Republic of Congo through
Sumbawanga town in Rukwa Region. There also exists an international sized airport which
links the City with other countries. Mbeya City is the headquarters of Mbeya region and is
conveniently accessible by road and railway from Dar es Salaam (830Km North East).
Map of Mbeya Region and location of Mbeya city

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 Figure 1.1 Map of Mbeya region

Sources; Google map, 2024

1.4.1 Topography and Climate

Mbeya City Council is situated at an elevated land along the slopes of Mount Mbeya ranges at
an altitude rising from 1600 to 2400 meters above sea level. The climate is influenced by its
attitude, it receives mean annual rainfall of 1200 mm (November-May) accompanied with
mean temperature ranging between 110 C – 250C. Mbeya City is generally characterized by
moderate climate and sufficient rainfall.

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1.4.2 Population Size and Distribution
According to the 2012 National Population and Housing Census, Mbeya City had a total
of 385,279people with 91,733 households. Of the total population, 182,620(48%) are
males and 202,659 (52%) are female at the annual growth rate of about 4%.

Table 1, Presents the population distribution based on age and sex as per the national census of
2012

Table 1.1: population size by age and sex group.

Age Both %Total Male Female
population
Total 385,279.00 100.00 182,620.00 202,659.00
0-14 141,475.00 36.72 69,116.00 72,359.00
15-64 234,043.00 60.75 109,031.00 125,012.00
65+ 9,761.00 2.53 4,473.00 5,288.00
Source: National Bureau of statistic, 2012

Total Population of 2022 in Mbeya City Council was 573580 both for male and female.

1.5 Ethnic Groups

The indigenous tribes of Mbeya region are Bantu origin, who are believed to have moved into
their region a long time ago. The ethnic groups in their region Nyakyusa in kyela and Rungwe
Districs, Safwa, Malila and Sangu in Mbeya Diatric Nyika and Nyamwangwa in Mbozi Distric,
Ndali in Ileje District, and Bunguu and Kimbu In Chunya District. The original settlements of
various tribes in the region were determined by availability of water, fertile soil and good
pastures. These factors have led to the variation of population densities between and within the
District.

Mbeya City Council is inhabited by various ethnic groups. There are 5 unique major ethnic
groups in the city scattered in different wards. Iziwa ward has only one major ethnic group
which is Safa while Mwasenkwa, Nsoho, Itende, Tembela and Mwasanga wards have two
different major ethnic groups and Iduda ward has three different major ethnic groups. Other
wards have at least 5 major unique ethnic groups. The major ethnic group in the city that is
found in all wards is Safa, while Nyakyusa, Ndali, Kinga and Nyiha are found in almost all
wards of the city. The Residents of Mbeya City is mixed of origins and culture.

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1.6 Administrative Structure
Mbeya City is administratively divided into two divisions namely lyunga and Sisimba
which are further subdivided into 36 Wards and 181 Mitaa.

Table 1.2 Administrative units of Mbeya city council

DIVISION WARD MITAA REMARKS
Iyunga 21 115 Urban/Peri-urban wards
Sisimba 15 66 Urban/Peri-urban wards
Total 36 181
Source; Mbeya city council administration department 2024

The Mbeya City Council is administered by full Council made up of 36 wards

Councilors, 13 nominated members, and 3 members of Parliament, who are led by a City
Mayor. The City Director is the in charge of the day to day administration of the
Council affairs. The Council consists of five standing committees: -
i. Finance and Administration
ii. Economic, Health and Education
iii. Urban Planning and Environment
iv. Works and Communication.
v. Control of H1V/AIDS

Figure 1.2 Mbeya City Council Ward Boundary Map

Source: Mbeya city administration department, 2022

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At present Mbeya City Council has twelve (13) departments compared to nine (12) that used
to exist before the introduction of the ongoing restructuring programs was in place. The
current departments are; administration and human resources department, Finance and Trade
Department, water department, Works and Fire Rescue Department, Planning, Statistics and
Coordination Department, Health Department, Primary Education Department, secondary
education department, land and natural resources department, agriculture, irrigation and
cooperative department, livestock and fisheries department, community development, social
welfare and youth department, sanitation and environment department.

Other supporting sections are Legal, Internal Audit, Planning, Information and Communication
Technology (ICT), Procurement Management Unit (PMU), Beekeeping and Election Unit.

THE COUNCIL ADMINISTRATION ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

Figure 1.3 Mbeya city organization Admiration structure.

Source: Mbeya city administration and human resources department.

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1.7 Economic Activities
Major economic activities in the Mbeya City include commerce and trade, agriculture and
livestock keeping, industrial production and service provision, transport, hotel, medical
services, and civil service. It is estimated that 33.3% of City residents depend on agriculture
for their livelihood; 21% are employed in the public sector which is mainly service provision
and 43.4% are engaged in the informal sector which is mainly small-scale production, petty
trade and selling of agricultural crops and 2.3% home works and others.

1.8 Land Area and Land Use

Mbeya City Council has a total area of 250.219 square kilometers of which the land area is
250.079 square kilometers and water area is 0.140 square kilometers 46.4% of this area is under
agriculture and 53.6% used for other uses, which include settlements, forestry, valleys and
mountain ranges.

LAND USE

settlements, forestry, valleys and

54%
mountain ranges

Agriculture 46%

40.00% 45.00% 50.00% 55.00%

Agriculture

settlements, forestry, valleys and

mountain ranges

Figure 1.4: Mbeya city council land uses 2024

Source: Mbeya city land and natural

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1.9 Social Services
Education sector
Primary education
The National Universal Primary Education Program launched in 1974, was the force behind
unparallel expansion of Primary Education which occurred in the country between 1975 and
1985. Prior to UPE [Link] school education provides basic education in Tanzania,
where all children of school age are supposed to be enrolled in primary schools as required by
law.
The Council has 83 Primary school, 74 are owned by the Council and 9 are privately owned.

Table 1.3: Distribution of Primary Schools by Ownership in Mbeya city council 2018-
2024
Division 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Pub Pri Pub Pri Pub Pri Pub Pri pub Pri
Sisimba 22 5 22 5 22 6 6 22 22 6
Iyunga 74 10 74 10 74 11 74 11 75 12
Total 96 15 96 15 96 17 80 33 77 18
Source: Mbeya City Primary Education department

Secondary education
Mbeya City Council has 51 Secondary Schools of which, 21 are privately owned and 30 are
Government Schools. Among the Government schools 27 are built by the community efforts
supported by the city council.

Out of the 30 government secondary schools, three are boarding schools Loleza girls, Iyunga
and Mbeya which is a mix of both day and boarding. All boarding schools are A-Level.

Table 1.4: Number of Secondary Schools by Division and Ownership, Mbeya City
Council, 2018– 2022
Division 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Pub Pri Pub Pri Pub Pri Pub Pri Pub Pri
Sisimba 9 1 9 3 9 3 9 3 9 2
Iyunga 21 16 22 18 22 18 22 20 22 21
Total 30 17 31 21 31 21 31 23 31 23
Source: Mbeya City Secondary Education department

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Adult Education
Mbeya City has illiteracy rate 3.8% of the adult population. Adult education has been used by
the Government of Tanzania as the means of illiteracy eradication since 1970’s respectively,
hence adult education is an area that the Council has accorded a high priority. In this respect,
the Council ensures that all school aged children are enrolled in primary schools, a strategy
which has been largely successful under the ongoing educational reform programs such as
Complementary Basic Education in Tanzania (COBET). The Council also encourages illiterate
adults to join adult education classes such as Integrated Community Based Adult Education
(ICBAE).

According to 2012 census results 85% of the populations above five years old are literate.

Table 1.5: Number of Adult Education Centers and Enrolments by Division, Mbeya City
Council, 2020and 2022
Division No of centres Centres enrolment MEMKWA (Cobet)
2020 2022 2020 2022 2020 2022
Sisimba 12 10 533 740 20 83
Iyunga 18 17 1012 309 154 294
Total 30 27 1,545 1,049 174 377
Source: Mbeya City Primary Education department

Other Education Institutions in the City are: -

1. Teofilo Kisanji University
2. Mzumbe University Campus
3. Open University of Tanzania
4. Moshi University of Co-operative and Business Studies (MUCCoBS)
5. Mbeya University of Science and Technology (MUST)
6. Vocation training Centers
7. Tanzania Institute of Accounts (TIA)
8. Agricultural Research Institute (ARI)
9. Mbeya Lutheran Teachers College
10. Assistant Medical Officers College.
[Link] university of Mbeya(CUOM)

9
1.10 Health Services
The Government of Tanzania has been putting great effort towards improvement of the health
status and lives of her people. Among the strategies is to increase the availability of health
facilities within the societies through establishing at least one dispensary in each ward in the
country (Tanzania National Health Policy).

1.10.1 Health situation

Despite an even distribution of health facilities in the city council, the health situation in the
city council is similar to other Districts in Mbeya Region and the country as a whole.

1.10.2 Health facilities

Health facilities and services are among the prerequisites for human growth and development.
It is evident that Mbeya city council has considerably enough number of health facilities
constructed

Table 1.6 Distribution of Health Facilities by Ownership and Division, Mbeya City
Council, 2024.
Type of Facility
Divisio Hospitals Health Centres Dispensaries
n
Governmen Non- Governmen Non - Governmen Non –
t governmen t governmen t governmen
t t t
Sisimba 1 0 1 1 5 2

Iyunga 3 2 2 3 12 15

Source: Mbeya City health department

1.10.3 Child Nutrition

Children under five years and their mothers are the most vulnerable group to diseases and
health disorder in the society. Therefore, reproductive and child health services are the most
vital services. Child malnutrition is among the health aspects monitored in Mbeya City Council
to determine the extent of malnutrition in the council.
Severe malnutrition has decreased from 0.4 percent in 2021 to 0.3 percent in 2022 and moderate
malnutrition has decrease from 4.7 percent in 2021to 3.5 percent in 2022.
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Table 1.7 Malnutrition for Children under One Year by Division, Mbeya City Council,
2021 and 2022
2021 2022
Divisio Total Number of Severely Total Number of Severely
n weighe Moderately Underweigh weighe moderately underweigh
d Underweigh t d underweigh t
t t

Sisimba 27,060 1032 976 31,483 1,293 1509

Iyunga 51,353 2781 1543 67,436 1,522 2491
Total 73,413 3,813 2,519 98,919 2,815 4,000
Source: Mbeya City Health department
1.1.14 Sanitation.

1.10.4 Solid Waste Management

MCC waste has the highest percentage of organic waste generation is about 76 % which can
provides opportunity for organic compost option which will reduce operating cost, serve
lifespan of landfill cell and generating income to our community.

Based on the population statistics and the rate of solid waste generation, the amount of solid
waste generated has increased significantly. Currently the amount of solid waste generated in
the City is 362 tons per year. This implies that the waste generation rate per capita per day is
around 0.7-0.9kg produced in Mbeya. Nsalaga land fill serves as a main receiver of solid waste
in the MCC. Nsalaga sanitary landfill serves 28 wards out of 38 wards in the MCC.

Figure 1.5 Showing Solid Waste Collection Points.

Source: Primary Observation 2024

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 Figure 1.6 Showing Nsalaga Sanitary Landfill at Mbeya City Council.

Source: Primary Observation, 2024

Table 1.8 Solid waste generation trends in Mbeya City from 2019-2024
Year Population estimates Solid waste generation (
Tons) per year
2019 443,612 312
2020 461,357 334
2021 479,811 346
2022 499,003 362
2023 103250.20 125210.15
2024 138187.98 144491.76
Total 1,883,783 1,354
Source: Mbeya city waste management and sanitation department.

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1.10.5 Composition of solid waste
Organic waste (77%), plastic (5%), metal (3%), papers (3%), textile (4%)grasses (2%), woods
(3%)and other solid waste (3%).

Figure 1.7 Composition of Solid Waste in MCC 2022

Source: Mbeya city waste management and sanitation department

1.11 Actors in Solid Waste Management

Until now, MCC has been the main actor in providing Municipal services related to solid waste
collection, transportation and disposal. Currently the MCC has put forward initiatives to
identify NGOs, private companies, youth groups and women groups to join her efforts on solid
waste management. With this development, the task for solid waste management will be
outsourced to various stakeholders and thus solid waste management in the City becomes
effective and efficient.

Figure 1.8: Showing people involving differently in solid waste management in different
areas at Mbeya city council.

Source: primary observation, 2024

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1.12 Sewerage and sanitation
All 128,417 households in the City Council have toilets facilities. This is the good indicators
because availability of sanitary facilities within household compound can help to reduce the
economic burden on health system because people who are affected by infectious disease often
require health care or hospital supports which incur costs to both patients and to the
government. Prioritization of using toilets, especially at the household level is the central to the
efforts aimed at increasing the proportion of people using functional toilet facilities as well as
for maintaining acceptable hygiene and sanitation standards

Table 1.9 availability of toilets by division in Mbeya CC.

Division Estimated total Total number of Percentage of
number of households with households with
households toilets toilets
Sisimba 31,485 31.485 100.0
Iyunga 96,932 96,932 100.0
Total 128,417 128,417 100.0
Source: Mbeya city water department 2022.

Mbeya City council has managed to develop an effective and sustainable waste disposal
system. The sewerage system has been developed to handle waste and sewerage from
households and industries. About 46 % of the city central Business area is served by the system
while the remaining uses on site disposal systems which include septic tanks soak away and
pit latrines. Waste from these systems is collected by cesspit emptier and deposited in the main
sewer for final disposal.

1.13 Urban water supply

Mbeya city council serving water with Mbeya Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority
(MBEYA UWSA). About 68% of the total population has access to clean, safe and affordable
water. Mbeya uwasa supply water to the households, schools, and institutions.

1.14 Productive Sectors

Agriculture is the main occupation for City residents, the main crops which cultivates in Mbeya
CC area maize, beans, sunflower, Irish potatoes, onion round potatoes. The sector is important
for production of cash and food crops. Crops produced include coffee and sunflower (cash
crops) as well as wheat, maize, beans, peas, Irish potatoes and vegetables (food crops) Mbeya

14
City has a total of 21,400 hectares and 9,937 hectares are suitable for agricultural activities.
Furthermore, the land which is utilized for agricultural activities is about 8,986 hectares only.
However, the City has 426 hectares for irrigation scheme up to date only 156 hectares has been
cultivated. In the urban part of the City, agricultural activities are carried on a relatively small
scale, limited to back yard gardening and in undeveloped open spaces. Favorable soils and
climatic conditions indicate a big potential for future expansion and improvement of this sector
especially in peri urban areas.

1.14.1 Cash crops

Cash crops has been playing an important role as source of income in Mbeya City Council,
most of Mbeya city council residents engages in cash crops production such as beans, coffee,
maize, Irish potatoes, Wheat, Bananas.

1.14.2 Irrigation
Mbeya City Council experiences only one long rainy season which start from November to
May. Due to that, irrigation seems to be the best alternative in growing of crops in dry areas
and during periods of inadequate rainfall. Irrigation is used for horticultural crops especially
Irish, Potatoes, Chinese Cabbage. Total potential irrigable area in the Mbeya CC is about 9,937
hectares of the total arable land. Currently, land under irrigation farming is only 426 hectares.
The main crops grown under irrigation include maize, beans and vegetables. River Nzonvwe
mainly used for irrigation activities.

1.14.3 Livestock Keeping

Livestock keeping, like agricultural production is an important economic activity of the sector.
It is undertaken in both urban and rural areas of the City under free and zero systems of grazing.
The activity sector is important for the production of meat, milk, eggs for domestic
consumption and income generation purposes. The common livestock species kept include beef
and dairy cattle (indigenous and exotic) goats, sheep, piggery and for meat and eggs.

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1.14.4 Tourism

The Ngosi Crater Natural Lake on top of Uporoto

range of Mountain

Figure 1.9: The Ngosi Crater Natural Lake

Source: Mbeya City Land and Natural Resources department.

Tourism is another important economic sector which support reduction of poverty in the MCC
tourism is considered to be another important industry for poverty alleviation. The advantages
include; creation of job opportunities, source of foreign exchange, boosting the sales of
different goods and services such as agricultural products and handcrafts, as well as cultural
entertainment provided by local people.

1.14.5 Industry
seven (7) large scale manufacturing industries are in Mbeya City Council where all seven (7)
industries are in Iyunga division. The industries are engaged in manufacturing of beer, soft
drinks, tiles, coffee curing and drinking water. Also Mbeya City council have eight medium
scale industries of which seven are located in Iyunga division while Sisimba division have only
one medium scale industry. These industries are engaged in juice manufacturing, agricultural
implements, mare milling, animal milling, seed growers, manufacturing motors, paddy milling
and sweater manufacturing. Four of these industries are located in Iyunga division. Also Mbeya
city council had small scale industries.

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1.14.6 Beekeeping
Beekeeping is another subsector of economic activity, bee products such as honey and wax can
contribute to the council income and support in poverty alleviation and wellbeing of the
community. It has been reported in MCC bees are kept in two approaches, the modern and
traditional approach, both approaches are being used in Mbeya City.

1.14.7 Forest
Forests as subsector on economic activities have substantial contribution on the socio-
economic development of the council. Main forest products in Mbeya City Council include
wood, timber, charcoal, firewood and building materials. the total land area of the council is
25,008 ha, the area covered by forest in the council accounts for only 6.9 percent of the total
land areas. Natural forest reserve occupies 1,253 ha in the council while forest plantation
occupied 471 ha and game controlled area has an area of 253 ha.

Table 1.10 Status of Forest Cover by Division, Mbeya City Council, 2024
Division Total land Natural Forest Game Total area Percentage
Area(Ha) forest plantation controlled (Ha) of forest
reserve under cover
area
Sisimba 10,199 1,228 237 99 1,466 14.4
Iyunga 14,809 24 233 154 258 1.7
Total 25,008 1,253 470 253 1,723 6.9
Source: Mbeya City Land and Natural Resources department.

Demand for fuel wood in the MCC is very high. The great demand for fuel wood influence to
wide spread falling of trees. The massive felling of trees in turn has led to decrease in soil
fertility which has seriously affected agricultural activity. Table below indicates the value of
charcoal harvested in the MCC between the year 2019/2020-2021/2022

Table 1.11 Estimated Value of Charcoal (Tshs. ‘000’) in MCC 2020/21- 2021/22
2019/2020 2020/2021 2021/2022
2,486,200 5,502,700 5,807,960
Source: Mbeya city Land and Natural Resources office.

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1.15 Economic infrastructure
1.15.1 Road
MCC is one which served with roads. Mbeya City Council road networks has a total of 559.2
kilometers, these roads link the MCC headquarter with its division and with other District in
Mbeya region. All these roads facilitate movement of goods and services to people within and
out of the Mbeya region. The MCC is now linked with the neighboring Region and Districts.
MCC is situated along the tarmac road connecting Mbeya Region and Dar es Salaam and the
neighboring countries of Malawi and Zambia. There is also a good road network within the

Table 1.12 Road Networks by Type, Division (Kms), in Mbeya City Council, 2022
Division Trunk District/urban Feeder
Sisimba 17.5 186.3 99.7

Iyunga 43.1 194.6 167.5

Total 44.6 277.85 236.7
Source: Mbeya City Works department

1.15.2 Railway services

Mbeya City Council is served by railway services where the railway station (TAZARA) is
located at Iyunga ward in Iyunga Division. The railway line; Tanzania – Zambia Railway
Authority (TAZARA) links Tanzania to Southern African countries passes through the City
making it one of the famous and important entry and exit points in the country, the railway
station served 24,350 passengers and 4,500 tons of cargos during 2022. Tanzania- Zambia
Railway Authority (TAZARA) available in mbeya city, having five Railway stations, these
includes Rujewa, Kangaga, Igurusi, Mswisi and Mbalino which enable transport links to
Zambia via Mbeya region to Dare salaam.

1.15.3 Telecommunications Service

Telecommunication network is available in Mbeya city [Link] city council inhabitants
have access to several mobile phones services providers (Tigo, Vodacom, Airtel, Zantel, and
TTCL-Mobile), radio and television stations broadcasted (ITV, TBC1/TBCFM, Clouds
FM/TV, EATV/Radio, KISS FM, Mbeya FM, and Bomba FM), Post office, and internet
centers. The MCC also enjoys diverse of media including printed media in Swahili and English
such as Tanzania Standard Newspapers, Daily News, Habari Leo and Sunday News. IPP Media
include; The Guardian, Nipashe and others.

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1.16 Objectives and functions of Mbeya city council.
Objectives of mbeya city council.
There are nine (9) goals that the MCC aimed to archive so as to enhance the Mbeya city council
such includes.
a) Improve services and HIV/AIDS infections reduce
b) Implementation of the national Anti-Corruption strategy enhanced and sustained
performance indicators
c) Improve access, quality and equitable social services delivery
d) Increase quantity and quality of social services and infrastructure
e) Enhance good governance and administrative services
f) Improve social welfare, gender and community empowerment
g) Improved emergency and disaster management
h) Natural resource and environmental management improved
i) Improve environmental sanitation in street and household.

1.17 Functions of Mbeya city council.

Mbeya city Council as an organization has different functions including
a) Promotion of economic and social welfare of the people within their coverage areas
(improve the living standard of the people)
b) Maintenance of law, order and good governance.
c) Ensuring equitable and effective delivery of qualitative services to the people within their
area of jurisdiction.
d) Collection and transportation of solid waste from household, open areas, road and
drainages.
e) To develop strategies to reduce waste and manage its implementation to reduce pollution.
In addition to the basic functions, all governments are charged with several other functions and
duties as follows.

a) Formulation, coordination and supervision of the implementation of all plans for economic,
industrial and social development in their areas of jurisdiction.
b) Monitoring and controlling the performance of duties and functions of the council and its
employees.
c) Ensuring the collection and proper utilization of the revenues of the council.

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d) To prepare different reports, quarterly, half year and yearly reports and present them at the
expected time.
e) To ensure the good discipline of employees.
f) To design new sources of revenue
g) To prepare District budgets.
h) To advise the council in all financial matters.
real resources department 2022

1.18 Background Information to Mbeya city council

The historical background of Mbeya City can be traced back to 1927. The town developed
drastically into large settlement in 1935. The name “Mbeya” in fact originated from a local
word “IMBEJE” which was used by the indigenous people during the batter transactions to
mean SALT. The foreign traders failed to pronounce “IMBEJE” appropriately, and decided
instead to call the product MBEYA to mean the same. In 1955 the town started to expand
enormously following the colonial Government decision to shift the Southern Zone Province
Headquarters from Iringa to Mbeya. In 1980 Mbeya Towns was officially accorded
Municipality status. In 1955 the town started to expand enormously following the colonial
Government decision to shift the Southern Zone Province Headquarters from Iringa to Mbeya.
In 1980 Mbeya Towns was officially accorded Municipality status. Similarly, in the late 2005,
Mbeya Municipality was promoted to become a City Council.

1.18.1 Vision
Mbeya city council vision is a broad statement of what it wants to be in the future and reflects
the goal it hopes to achieve. The vision of Mbeya city council is “to improve and bring
sustainable economy for the people in order to reduce poverty among them by 2025”and to
uplift peoples economic economy well-being through resource utilization so as to empower the
people to eradicate poverty and enjoy sustainable live hoods nature by beautiful and healthy
environment.

1.18.2 Mission
The mission statement explains why the Mbeya city council exists and what it does. The
mission statement of Mbeya city council is to “Improving the living conditions of people with
existing resources by involving all stakeholders in the design, planning and implementation of
development activities based on the principles of good governance, in order to up lift people’s

20
economic well-being and empower them to enjoy sustainable livelihoods by the year 25”.Also
to managing the city solid waste resource efficiently and effectively ,so as to protect human
healthy environment and maximize its value ,in an environmentally ,technologically ,socially
,and economically responsible manner.

1.19 Core Values

Core value describe how the council in tends to operate. The council will provide the services
to its customers and the general public while observing the following core values;

i. Quality of services
ii. Partnership and collaboration
iii. Equality
iv. Economic and social rights
v. Honesty and integrity
vi. Respect and dignity.
vii. accountability

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 CHAPTER TWO
2.0 PRESENTATION AND DISCUSION
In general, this section aims to explain how I was involved in different day-to- day activities
performed by a student in the organization as presented in the logbook during the whole period
of the field attachment at Mbeya city council in which there would be description of different
activities and how was the involvement in those activities undertaken in the department also
the success and challenges facing Mbeya city council.

2.1 Involvement in the organization activities

During the field attachment in Mbeya city council at Environment and Sanitation Department
I was involved in the activities related to the organization which are as follows explained below.

Orientation

2.1.1 First Week

During the first day when I reported to a field station at department of Environment and Solid
Waste Management Office in Mbeya City council I was introducing to department members
and other workers from other department they work together in the organization, orientation
about the rules and regulation of the office so as to be adhere during the whole period of field
attachment, also activities to be done by student and department as a whole. Student was given
a briefly background of organization and waste management and sanitation department

2.1.2 Second Week

Deals with types of solid waste produced by the city and how organization and other
stakeholders cooperate together to ensure environmental sanitation and management of solid
waste in the city hence to promote smart city. Also were going at the site to make proper
different project of Mbeya City Council.

2.1.3 Third Week

On the third week from 22 July to 26 July were several activities concerning with provision of
education to the community and small entrepreneurship concerning with environmental
protection and proper waste disposal in their resident areas and their working places.

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2.1.4 Fourth Week
Deals with collection of revenue about waste and provision of education about control and
manage of waste to ensure proper environment and be easily with avoid communicable diseases
like cholera. Also were going at Nane-Nane ceremony when different leader was coming to
open farmer’s days for example leader like Executive of building.

2.1.5 Fifth Week

Duties undertaken like collection of revenue also deals with ceremony of Nane-Nane day at
stadium of John Mwakangale.

2.1.6 Six Week

In this week were going at the site in karobe ward so as to know waste water management from
source to ponds Also involves of identifying risk assessment sisimba ward.

2.1.7 Seven Week

In this week deals with provision of education of clean environment in different areas especially
at Mwenge primary areas as well as visiting at Nsalaga areas in Mbeya where by collection
point of waste and leaching process waste as well as deals with waste solid treatment different
solid and provision of education about. Compaction of waste and leachate process waste that
has percolate through a solid and leached out some pf the constituents.

2.1.8 Eight Week

In this week deals with provision of education about preparation of environment health and
sanitation. so as to ensure a good maintain of health in Mbeya city council, also deals with
identify of risk assessment in Mbeya City Council.

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2.2 Preparation of action plan
This is one of the task student given to prepare action plan for field study which contain the
things or issue the student want to learn or to know during the period of field attachment, this
action plan will help the supervisor at the field station to give student works or responsibility
according to w1hat he or she need to know. Also this action plan helped the field station
supervisor to provide module related to what student wants to learn depending on her course.

2.2.1 Visiting Nsalaga sanitary landfill

Visiting the Nsalaga sanitary landfill, which is located in the Mbeya city council, and is act as
a main receiver of municipal solid waste, student went there for the purpose of learning and
see how the landfill operate its activities (processes) in case of solid waste management and
environmental sanitation. Nsalaga sanitary landfill developed in 2018, it serves 28 wards out
of 36 which found in Mbeya city council, it receives solid waste only which collects by cars,
Nsalanga sanitary reveals that it is a sanitary landfill because it enables various processes, such
as the compaction of wastes and the spreading of soil to reduce waste-related odors, as well as
the monitoring of processes at the laboratory located at the dumpsite. There are three functional
cells in it. The Nsalaga landfill has geo-membrane to stop wastewater from solid wastes to
penetrate into subsurface and underground water, hence lead to the pollution of it.

2.2.2 Reading the waste picker’s proposal and summarization.

A waste picker is a person who recovers recyclable or reusable items that have been discarded
by others for sale or personal use. The main players in reclaiming rubbish for the recycling
business are waste pickers. Many members of underprivileged and low-income neighborhoods
work as rubbish collectors and sorters across the city of Mbeya, selling recycled waste to the
recycling sector through middlemen. Student given work to review the waste picker proposal
or report which prepared by Tanzania Australia Alumni Association (TAA). It has been
observed that many of the said workers in the sector are at great risk of occupational exposure
besides the significant role they play in environmental management. The risks are along the
whole Solid Waste Management practice commencing from the collection, transportation, and
disposal. In the informal sector in developing countries, collection involves manual handling
tasks of heavy loads of wastes, some of which may be either contaminated or rotting organic
wastes. In this regard, waste composition and working conditions expose Solid Waste workers
to a diverse of occupational risks, some of which may not be treated adequately due to lack of
resources.

24
This proposal prepared with the aim of finding funds and technical assistance from different
stakeholders so as to improve the conditions of solid waste workers at Nsalaga sanitary landfill.
After reading the proposal the student needed to summarize the proposal and then submit the
summarized proposal to the field station supervisor.

2.2.3 Attending meeting of environmental sanitation

I was attending the meeting of environmental sanitation and management, this meeting
involves head of environmental department, environmental officers, wards executive officers
and field students who are working their field in environmental sanitation department. The aim
of meeting is to discuss on ways, strategies and measures which should be taken by
stakeholders in ensuring Mbeya city council become clean and smart city with good aesthetic.
Community leaders should be contacted and included at every stage of planning, just like with
the other sectors. Engineers and experts in sanitation are consulted as needed for advice on the
best sanitation facilities. Early health education programs should be implemented to stop illness
outbreaks, especially among children.

Different opinions were provided by stakeholders such; public-private partnership in

collection, transportation, storage and management of solid waste
In Mbeya city council, collection of solid waste house to house, enactment of bylaws and fees
to all breakers of laws, establishment of landscaping alongside the roads by individuals,
involvement of different groups such as youth, women in environmental sanitation and
collection of solid waste, and other action and strategies.

2.2.4 Presenting a report on solid waste management

Because they showed the actions that would be taken and who would be responsible, it was
one of the exercises that helped the students gain greater knowledge and self-assurance. All
employees listened to your presentation on what can be done in the field, and an employee
offered suggestions for how to accomplish it more effectively. Since the collection, treatment,
and disposal of solid waste that is disposed because it has reached its useful life or is no longer
necessary constitute solid waste management. pollution circumstances brought on by improper
municipal solid waste disposal can result in environmental contamination and epidemics of
vector-borne diseases, which are illnesses spread by rodents and insects. The handling of solid
waste involves intricate technical issues. Also present a wide range of management and
solution challenges in the areas of administration, economy, and society.

25
2.2.5 Attending Nane Nane for environmental clearness supervision
Nane-nane is the agricultural mission to southern Tanzania, so before the actual day I was
assigned to go to the place area to administer the whole issues of clearness are operated well.
Since the Nane-Nane exhibition are conducted to the first week of August in which is all about
agriculture in Tanzania from August 1st onwards, agricultural fairs are organized all over the
country, culminating in their national holiday Nane Nane August 8th.A team from the
Netherland Embassy flew to the southern town of Mbeya to explore opportunities for
agriculture in the region and solidify the progress of the Potatoes center.

2.2.6 Learning Theory of Geographical Information System (GIS)

Geographical Information System is a computer system that analyzes and display geographical
referenced information. It uses data that is attached to a unique location. MCC use most of the
information we have about Mbeya City contains location reference. GIS map can then display
all locations in the area that have similar conditions, so researcher know where to look for more
of the rare plant.

2.2.7 Visiting waste treatment at Kalobe ward in Mbeya

Waste water treatment process takes place in waste water treatment plant. There are several
kinds of waste water treatment which are treated at the appropriate types of wastewater like
sewage treatment, water treatment Technologies, that is what to remove waste, grease and
floating oils, sand and any coarse debris present in the water, the treatment remove organic and
inorganic materials through settling process, as well as biodegradable organic material
dissolved in the water.

Wastewater Treatment from Source to Ponds.

Wastewater treatment typically involves several stages before it reaches stabilization ponds.
Let's break down the process:

2.2.8 Wastewater Generation

Origin: Wastewater is generated from various sources, including households, industries, and
commercial establishments. It consists of organic matter, suspended solids, nutrients,
pathogens, and other contaminants.

Collection and Transportation

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Sewage System: Wastewater is collected through a network of underground pipes (sewerage
system).
Pumping Stations: In areas with low elevation, pumping stations are used to lift wastewater to
higher ground for further treatment or disposal.

2.2.9 Pre-treatment
Removal of Large Solids: This step involves the removal of large objects like grit, sand, and
debris using screens and grit chambers.

Figure 2.1 Showing Screens and Grit Chamber

Equalization: Wastewater flow is often uneven, so equalization basins are used to balance the
flow before further treatment.

2.2.10 Primary Treatment

Sedimentation: Wastewater is held in large tanks to allow suspended solids to settle as sludge.
This process removes a significant portion of organic matter and solids.

Secondary Treatment
 Biological Treatment: This is where the majority of organic matter is broken down by
microorganisms. Several methods can be used, including:
 Activated Sludge Process: Aeration is used to promote microbial growth, which
consumes organic matter.
 Trickling Filters: Wastewater is distributed over a bed of rocks covered with
microorganisms that break down organic matter.

 Oxidation Ditches: Aerated channels provide a suitable environment for microbial

activity.

27
Tertiary Treatment (Optional)
 Nutrient Removal: If required, additional treatment steps can be implemented to
remove nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, often through chemical or biological
processes.

 Disinfection: To kill harmful pathogens, the treated wastewater may be disinfected

using chlorine, ultraviolet light, or other methods.

Discharge to Stabilization Ponds

Final Treatment: After the above stages, the partially treated wastewater is discharged into
stabilization ponds. These ponds provide a natural environment for further biological treatment
and removal of contaminants.

Stabilization Ponds
Types: Stabilization ponds are typically classified into three types:

Anaerobic Ponds: These ponds have no dissolved oxygen and rely on bacteria to break down
organic matter in the absence of oxygen.

Figure 2.2 Showing Aerobic Pond

Facultative Ponds: These ponds have both aerobic and anaerobic zones, allowing for a
combination of biological processes.

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 Figure 2.3 Showing Facultative Pond

Maturation Ponds: These ponds primarily use algae and sunlight to further purify the
wastewater.

Figure 2.4 Showing Maturation Pond

Treatment Process: In stabilization ponds, microorganisms, algae, and sunlight work together
to break down organic matter, reduce pathogens, and improve water quality. The treated water
can then be reused for irrigation, aquaculture, or other purposes, depending on local regulations
and water quality standards.

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Level of Accomplishment of Duties/Responsibilities and Contributions

During my field attachment at Mbeya City Council, I was assigned tasks primarily within the
Water Resources Management Department. My responsibilities included data collection,
analysis, and report writing on water consumption patterns, water quality monitoring, and
public awareness campaigns.

I successfully accomplished all assigned tasks, exceeding expectations in data analysis through
the application of statistical software, leading to the identification of key trends and patterns in
water consumption.

My contribution also extended to developing a comprehensive report on the findings, which

provided valuable insights for informed decision-making.

Moreover, I took the initiative to conduct a baseline survey on community knowledge and
attitudes towards water conservation, which revealed significant gaps in awareness. Based on
these findings, I developed a proposed public awareness campaign strategy, contributing to the
development of a more effective approach to water conservation

2.3 Achievement and challenges faced by Mbeya City Council.

2.3.1 Achievement gained by Mbeya City Council.
The council has been gained some successful in some areas like Water, Agriculture, and
delivery of health services, provision of education services which facilitated its residents to
improve their living standards, healthy status and raise their income levels. The following are
achievements of the organization

a) MCC has made a good work in improving education facilities and services in primary and
secondary level
b) Increase in use of improved technology in agriculture production such as power tiller,
combine harvester, use of fertilizers, irrigation system
c) Creating environment where clean and safe water is available, accessible and affordable in
Mbeya city council.
d) Maternal mortality rate has reduced in 2021/2021
e) Collaborating with other stakeholders in dealing with health services delivery in areas to
increase proximity to such services.

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2.3.2 Challenges facing by the organization
Although Mbeya city council has succeeded in some aspects but is facing some challenges
which cause the implementation of different projects to delay or failure at all and running of
the daily routine of the Council’s activities to be affected by those challenges. The following
bellow are challenges of the organization.

a) Dependency on agriculture production as main source of revenue and Delay of approval of

Council by- laws by PO- RALG. Many people at Mbeya city council depend much on
agriculture as a back bone of their life where it affects them during climate change, hence
they must engage in other activities rather than depend on agriculture only.
b) Deficit of budget which hinders the accomplishment of various development projects. This
force to select those most important projects and other projects to remain delay.
c) Poor community participation in contribution of development initiatives and management
of social services infrastructures
d) Price fluctuation of agricultural inputs and Inadequate production machines and
infrastructure
e) Inefficient land use management programs, which lead to the increase of incompatible land
uses.
f) Inadequate collection of solid wastes and poor environmental sanitation, which lead to the
environmental pollution.
g) inadequate collection and transport equipment of solid wastes such as cars, skip bucket
h) increases of unplanned and serviced settlements
i) Population growth and Unemployment

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 CHAPTER THREE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

3.1 Conclusion
Field attachment which was conducted at Mbeya city council have been a great important to
student from the beginning up to the end of field due to the reason that it play a major role in
making sure that a student acquire the skills and ability to link theoretical learning from the
class to practical application.

In generally, it was good and learnable field attachment in a sense that to know various issues
related to field of study such implementation and management of different planning,
environmental and sanitation activities. The organization faced with different challenges such
as Deficit of budget which hinders the accomplishment of various development project,
inadequate collection of solid wastes and poor environmental sanitation, inefficient land use
management. If those become solved it will bring the accuracies achievements. Also it was a
good and learned Field attachment in a sense that to know various issues related to field to
study Mbeya City Council lies in their capacity to organize people within the margin of
operation and building networking mechanisms with various development stakeholder that
are able to help to meet their social economic need for their daily life as well as environment
concern .The department faced with different challenges such as transportation facilities,
budgeting and labors .Thus, If those become solved it will be bringing the accuracies
achievements.

3.2 Recommendations
Apart from the achievement, Mbeya City Council has registered a number of challenges or
problems as therefore, all the workers around the area (staffs) have to work hard and cooperate
each other together with the community surrounding, contribution in development programs in
order to allocate the available resources so as to plan, to evaluate and bring development to the
whole society in all aspects of life as social, economic, political in the ways of transparency
and accountability in order to sustainable environment which can made good welfare to the
community and development. Also there should be sufficient time for field training which will
enable the student to obtain skills and experience, eight weeks which the institute have been
suggest are not enough on the other side of Mbeya City Council my recommendation is that
the organization should insist to the use more advance technology, for example the use of
computerized system in storing client’s files and in handling different claim.

32
This can enable to minimize customer complaints due to the delayed of services. In addition,
the organization should recruit new employees as well as providing training for workers that
can enhance to solve the problem of storage of staff to reach customer satisfaction and hence
increase workers efficiencies. The public in general should educate their obligation with regard
to environment management how it is important and helpfully as well as types of solid waste
management and important of keeping well environment.

33
 REFERENCES
Mbeya city council socio-economic profile (2015)
Anon, [2015]. Mbeya city plan development budget for financial year 2021/2025
Mbeya city social-economic profile, [2016]
Mbeya city council strategies plan 2019/20 -2023/24
Mbeya City Council Solid Waste Management -Strategic Plan Report, Dec 2013
Mbeya City Council environmental profile 2012-2024
Irdp [2024], Guidelines for field Reports

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