Summer Vacation Homework Questions Class 12
Solutions Chapter
Very Short Answer Questions (2 marks each)
1. What is meant by ‘reverse osmosis’?
2. What are isotonic solutions?
3. Differentiate between molarity and molality of a solution.
4. Some liquids on mixing form ‘azeotropes’. What are ‘azeotropes’?
5. Out of BaCl2 and KCl, which one is more effective in causing coagulation of a negatively charged colloidal Sol?
Give reason.
6. An aqueous solution of sodium chloride freezes below 273 K. Explain the lowering in freezing points of water with
the help of a suitable diagram.
7. A 1.00 molal aqueous solution of trichloroacetic acid (CCl3COOH) is heated to its boiling point. The solution
has the boiling point of 100.18°C. Determine the van’t Hoff factor for trichloroacetic acid. (Kb for water = 0.512
K kg mol-1)
8. Explain why aquatic species are more comfortable in cold water rather than in warm water.
9. State Raoult’s law. How is it formulated for solutions of non-volatile solutes?
10. Why do gases nearly always tend to be less soluble in liquids as the temperature is raised?
Short Answer Questions (3 marks each)
1. State Henry’s law and mention two of its important applications.
2. Define the terms, ‘osmosis’ and ‘osmotic pressure’. What is the advantage of using osmotic pressure as
compared to other colligative properties for the determination of molar masses of solutes in solutions?
3. 18 g of glucose, C6H12O6 (Molar mass – 180 g mol-1) is dissolved in 1 kg of water in a sauce pan.
At what temperature will this solution boil? (Kb for water = 0.52 K kg mol-1, boiling point of pure water
= 373.15 K)
4. Non-ideal solutions exhibit either positive or negative deviations from Raoult’s law. What are these
deviations and why are they caused? Explain with one example for each type.
5. Calculate the mass of compound (molar mass = 256 g mol-1) to be dissolved in 75 g of benzene to
lower its freezing point by 0.48 K (Kf = 5.12 K kg mol-1).
6. Derive expression for Raoult’s law when the solute is non-volatile.
7. Define an ideal solution and write one of its characteristics.
8. Define osmotic pressure of a solution. How is the osmotic pressure related to the concentration of
a solute in a solution?
9. (i) On mixing liquid X and liquid Y, volume of the resulting solution decreases. What type of
deviation from Raoult’s law is shown by the resulting solution? What change in temperature would
you observe after mixing liquids X and Y?
(ii) What happens when we place the blood cell in water (hypotonic solution)? Give reason.
10. (i) Gas (A) is more soluble in water than Gas (B) at the same temperature. Which one of the two
gases will have the higher value of KH (Henry’s constant) and why?
(ii) In a non-ideal solution, what type of deviation shows the formation of maximum boiling
azeotropes?