eloc bones comaprines 2 namely pone oe Veneies Nowes so We werd pawn Selene Lo pocorn (theeteicsl Jo Asien! whieh eo utin] ane eQCEATOO, | Yeo agen sled peal enerny io mainly ¢ Lidbadioes, wha aati Hgalio oy ° Sfiient manner The ioord alectinnte belongs cle elect ewottes eee tach deals uhh he Helerilontess qreduction , ae aan se ection af) ela “sed eignal til ane od \y i Wah whe ee fe" Giientls , nicrountl and 4 BH fecpeenegy Cut mite ete) deals wtih equip te of eter tee i cade \> yous at \he aie ewan OSTCRS | Gan) a vlads athfeh uterk, 8 the " loc Veo \ Wl al san frreeenent of holes and ie tadhot cthas eee tow feperey Jou io :~ De main afm of Aeauntog the iol our ehecrEnics Nel cere dre Nok eteclricall! eneigay fOr? Scuroy oes (sed. ot bi e 00 usin o Mectronte — dewiers: ‘a aa aay “posse Se pour electeorle outers , the bate ue Matedal fo! be uscel Is silicon As it can barelle a alg. lerespreastir Cop mo Nd Ao is’c) : SE can be considued ag, LWhtah 6 rouateecphions cubject Aocorporalts — yhe Ko outed ye ° Lectdicd} enginecdog, conte “erfeiny Vand etethect | anteannge 7] e Block dagen of pout eleeteonte Conuceders | reac _ \ opt coated cote Jape L_\Rewstecne | fete tical! Bip [— “Al | staves twee 3, Tfesthoe «| i } SCR (Silicon — Com teolled Rectifier) abcieuiattl ows ob eilicns eae tentled cecfitiow. coatial sto be used Ts cileen- uslL hawt ceo trol etre the pulp ut thede croteotled — deufce > peo 7 bosfeally ion nectifierter Von unipalre eetled — aeidfyecties@ Struc hee 4 eek W > 8% i : : . ona ™ 4 we Ve ies Pa MY uhh sthace Youmind ly anode (A), Cothade Cx) 20d uyate (Ut) There are Whee pensions -fpured (e-npoction) ramnely hohe, Joode yeutonl ts connected att th ' oa pale P leant p , lo Plager Pi. d Catbecle — queminal fs cannes Jed Gd Nr 4 Dal 2 Baluy Mo lager Nos % | Chr bate gocentinnt Fe connected oth : h No fence PD lager : | “ef fh: = K : ‘ei Specification of sR ». Outi, N= Ueayte (ola) S- ME Is Abe Hhinnesk leg e+ and bas highest denring Conuntation be. tks most onduch | tei 3). Trace P- tage (Po) t= Jk fe ess thlonwe Than No. Layee and Senta contenkation ts lesser than Na beer: ~~ Jo Toner nN - loyee (Ny) t- be fs the thickest ley Olea th fs beukng the least doping Qoentiti it fs the cst cresisMue — Lenore 4h us vesiotiui ty ts hie Kt Tr is algo called block’ “ los a all and a f-e 2 4). Outer Pte (ryt Hs apcilication 4g stenilae ag tone P- teat ya \ L, oy 3 « Symboclic — regs entralied DaModes Cpceatier and — Sfalle VET chenercherets ScR has spltouing yhrec He Reucsec blecking mode } + A). Haruard Conduction mode eocdes i operation 2 ward blocking med ic Rewcrer bleckieg mode Y= When eathedt §5 made with tespeeh fo anode 4hen th Baid +o teucree broeed — comdipion Under This Conditions uNchien Vand Vs Xe cethected te We ncese biased “ and junchen fy subjected to ~fotaccrd bias -therefore ye an yroetion Jy ed Is Blocks “the curent conduction. —Afeweune —the smal leakage ccvesok of ihe pidix 6 eo eotlliamperes u@ sheeugh she kas ines (corrode osode) 4 ° Yo (eucese ac) f ee h Nh 4d 1 ee RS 5 Naa: fatrcarcl blocking modt When ancds Ys postHuc ulish cespect vo epen: then seR Ts said to cothode with ate cireut + be lorweud widled Under this condition, unction 4, and fg or jpuood bias and Jo Is ceuctes biased \k sees entue applied wolleye wll ston appen soa Aceaoss jer’ ion Sat The poten fial basciew 6F clepletion Lo yn oF regres Jomed at emetion jo ves onaible -to blocks Ve oe borcluctes Ahacuyh the denice: f When forward Uoliage Te allowed +o ay ath Preveace “the wakpae current (faleword Lokege cuceeny) ab ery inceene! 3). —fouword Conduction — mocte 7 . Ya hig mods + Kee ping she anode ul Giiue Usb fespeck to cothede the woltaye applied eee aoods +o cathode potential Fe allowed 2S nen freak cage woltaye Veo At a certain anode ¥e hen ccculs on cuslanch breakdown) Of punetive ee ae Curent cenducties a! thaough she cleulce 90 ao ditechion = go AKIg moods. olier dhe yanishment o epihon ede ab |p all the unehione all aoe « aed caitics to pass -theeugh “Them and be hye dkufa alleuts yall corduchion “phe ough wheyess Sulficient? potivins ep yowtiue: More he anect uelta: Fequired to gta and ules -ucrser Ja can alse Cures Ts also ru. [—— wea | | | yey | ow = Gre diggtam oe ehiasesy FART VEN dharacderstie t Ne ( ve -—— eat K ; s ve . haut aa pulse with ancdt -to cotheds lessee We breakdeer Abe ) t thee ee > . eh * Mer {Be A : o ‘ - 1 qi- Blalie yt chorocls a0 Se. Ast caveunt (ave cureet conduction aeyh ake doula a frPN-P-N kicde (sheetee| Sede) \ dpe ag 3) pooen: 2 ecmioal operation abu Ye {5 bosicalte elrctuesic dow pouus Similan 08 meme dice wash ceapech Ae TE ty designed foe PRE cabif application: vas norms) Aieke ox TE caquices epinimur cqoount ceoduchien gr A Lge tu bltogete stout Supicien te la C | q Strucdwe e~ Symbol —f — | a LF oy N P lo \3 N 5 be ae fot Cpadtion Nnd_T-v_choroiltristic taro modes of operetion > SE has Reuecge block} 2, mode 5): forward conduction mode - Rewer bleckin mods $- 4 When anode potential Ts kept +o catbocle pool 2 fh ts slLowros (lower) with cespect do ke fm cewrgs biased cooditien!. Under thts condition junction ard Ya ae teucter bioved and do te foward i . ot jenctien 4, and ‘Ie and hen ae Therefore dee ities loyet form ech Sa) i eS colobirel sy blocks the inpeb wolte cunent conduct oo - neta ey emalt \eokege cuent wht flow in ~Wnese doesn } 4 Somes + Teunsace direction: Therefore eT Chavo etiriste ef bi \ ‘6 reyock and quadaant: allow Wie fo8). Forward Conduction mode t- ol When anodt penne! ce kept te Unjyrar) wash resgeck fo cathode potential, Ub ts gaid +o be 1a spotward biased cendifion + i. Uoder This condition, Juncion Dyand Ts ae poner iased and Jo fs io eusice biaseds prec |ee depletion loge ormed at junction a and eovtce Applied ad WF The blocked by jeocHon Ja atone keeping the Cue S} he appbed uoltaye Ts keep on Tneceasin code eden tial positial «she orpoard \eakeu “ny wcreases up to break ous vole (vec anede uch: becomes mere 4han break out tesla (eo), Avalanche breakdews bake place and then omoaid cugert Comluchan steels: Gee Uclta ust beyond] Meo Abe state of he cdeudice shifted Neoen) blocking so condection ctate- Ne chesadtindslic of his meds Le +0 “v ftqai Ved cheraclee (dies el Pe teN@—Applicattes o = OH can be used as Aeiqgneiny cuttiche © can be used as aelaixalibo osatlatod + © 44 can be used as pee tohecling diode - © DIAC The dull name of SAC 4g "Otede for Alqucnahio Curserts ; \ i : pleweice - * Sy te a toe quctoal bi-dicectional sucitch a sits _ Ob can be dasigned either Jer Qc loyes Feuctuks OF S(O Fe “ Shouchwut de pid? on TIk apple bile Py Application ¢— a $i fe marly} used “hor eye A cia AL oh aes + AMI the i of this Oe el : Fo Consteuctin sr meteical : Mt- mplifred| ep eucd ete So ile Ss dure ot Symbol l of e | MT2 P Ee 4 ja P N, Po ‘ ; N p mtt [__ “Lt Lu) - | TT 1 lan He Tb Ts an uncone led cleuice cand allours conmducdis beth lice $100 thetefore lac ts +o be consid et eee fo lune ant ipaxcaligy connatcded olicales Dpriabtion and Vet charaéteristics ert } i ee J Mite i Lieder Rise nedition, A ] PrN Po aod My att be Leveyes ood cunent \ | hte anh Wee 4 fenCase 2 gthen main dueminal MTL ts keph pest Hus. with crospee+ Ho TO: Unde qbis condition 4 layces peer Poni Py aod Ne ult be othe actu loyxs dhd cuve'dt conduction would stake place a ese 4 toys rAd for oed Cond ~ Peucece Cooduc tion iy Mi tet cl cl ane © TRIAG tO TS pity cemteotled pyusse electronic deutee. ~ OF © at 9B duninel pe cucitch cussunt conduction WW beth aliveclions EHICK attow *TRInc tans de TR Tede fox AWourating ccarest” * 54 has Con panel oth. CoN Ne Nae * A Comtert duuminal (jak) ts i conaccdedd waidhy ace re Neood f° » echec ¥ OF means Abst both uthtn sufficient wei fine aate as wt as uth as ney i a dewis can be Mmacred fo vad on dita bean 4 O45 Bteuclue fs oo Soy beth ditceting «Caste Stuctuxe % yor : ne MT2 }+—— Mqy Electrical equiucteot Geant o- 4s i Is (TRIAC) Cootelled peuwt conduction IS hoth eleedronic dewice and allows cisco alee reel modeled dowint Can be Aicection shouloce this y an anti-parallel connecter © 4uro sc oF Angie abt a cemmen ae EUMIO A a Gperatton *- le Case 14- When vf and MT2 are pesthur uu secpect Vo MTL. Urder this, condition, 2 jancsion PrntiPont t fom Ping, TH Sana | a Ben, and ParNa gels -leceotd biag and cunent cenducv169 aad al ° take plac stheowyh — Py Ny-Pa- Noe or wey \ yo = = Con 2 ¢- MTL When MT Yo posifue ath ee ee oe et nates geten tial arith acgechto HTL. Un des ~\bis cen ditten , 3 quection on 5 GMa and fet Wace ay Aevwoed bias and cumenk conductien Aare ple By he Po Noe Case 3 $- When MT2 is ae ath aaty deue Tool pester yaks maytt eres peck to Mtie 4 3 Hinder ~HhPs cendition th %% ee bios 00d quent cen place —tereyth! fa- Mie! NytCase 4 3- When Mto ts neqatine weet MTL uth ge Aecrminal — megafiae with» cvespeck Ado MTL: Unable this ceadition, KE boron bias and Siecet PoeNi~ Po Ng > B-yurction T-Ng . Po-Ny and Py-N3 eerceny: comduches pokes plow AT ie =o io 247) Neos Yeo ay Ose ees e alee: ca Peeking cqale Ge Jawad ded be Condurdtien tale 46 ten Aiieched Ont _y Blocking ea c clivectfen| Bc! > Concluction etal in ne - die bens Applicalfon : © 4b fs used 8m Ae. Comtolling as ucllaye conletler @ 9+ fs used as diromer to ‘ping co deol CoeatlG © 4h fe “used as Comteotly fox condettiog be Speed of ics motons- ‘| Transicdoa 09 . oa. Fe | Je | Je = ptt Teeo p: ae | Te > %let Tero te | Jy Ip te » Caciend yortoo francicter model F Ja oA ( Tan P & be x = I NON ar = _ en es N : 4 Teo 1 yy K faery the electrical equivalent aa foro Q1 Ter = %:Ta + Tepoy 777 7 QQ) orem Oy By eee Tater = rin + Xa Tk + Tenor + Tenor Ta = Sitar Xolk+ Temor + Temoan - --- GY Also» ; Tn: Tet Tea = Tgr tat Tea = tia Tp = ig +2 (gt Ta) * Teawn + Tenon Tales) F Xy3q Fewos ¥ Teor Tp ot + Teaos * Teeoa ; 7 1 (#8 45) Conclusien &- foro he abour equation Sh te ehgecued What Anods courent . Ta fs Aieec eal Pooperdronal Ve Whe at cureent 5 A" a Qe means shat. e posMucly . Ta also §vcreases + incre ean ae euareot dea cerbain ualut of Ty, anecle coccent Tn ont teaches -te 16 latching ualuc © cuneate Renee the sc tail oun ‘A ON accel cambios a CUED cenductinn pacuss -Therefore, Tb can be \ concluded thot 9 : Pesitusl atoe of te ee ee ee San aan able -to 4exen onl!) the sch’ Se OE Power BT qe @ Qe 3+ fe a hipcla i oe ae tunchi 7 high ceccent \ on Hansister de cheno , Ve de fo" hoe epticatien yp voy and hence lag oy V4 ie compared uidh pemol of . ; each oe : Bommoal elechremia B&B ie — ere fs a cay roe, ay the ne a sipalidd poouss 4G while barely processing q ye x 9 Gs i a —thacs \pumiinal » 8-laytt Ce-n-P on MPN ‘Polen pecuce elec teenic ee aera ) “The thoes dornfoals o1@ emtatty , post and collector 5 1s moyoe application fs either as, a peows cue cts Auitcpind dewice in conteal crete de on antarp! i The 5 eS sthis dewce 4s hak uwollage and came nt applied te eat peve of Yourinals teokdils weltsyy ee cree ack ghee past of decminals- douPu usheu host come eolicter cured PARAMAMADNHOCO EEE Ets a cuteest cooltel Kau fhe ceotrol euct qhe octet Fro power BIT fs lagers he tecombinatiac © base @eqeoo , which cadesKaod B te hau preess fe more WwW base te wo value ' ca ot Ba be collector o whet ees aie, Poauvwiesd (Oto aa toy No ond NIT ray i i a r | ade collecs os layer : be or vopile mana, te mat donee ce e & r ayy Low di a hautq, vt Asgrings ova my ey s | nr layer Fs also cated dailt o I rine urpoge of Tockucian® Q tre matin | © ants reyes ae ane yh Mocks wmpedent® state of joloes eit. 64443 24 Ee | 6 dUThe Jacchon oh Nt yer op collector ‘Ss Ao offer Uses hah conducliui ty in ON 6th . Cc } | . é : . . € SON typ BIT pon tape 837 Hocles eh ops ‘The basic operation of per ey Ge ot Similax lo sound pnleeaic By fee mo ocitey cacebles —transhecd em emitlyy to collector —phaough base oreqion wWhele metembinahen process eG plale ‘4 Aimilac as Is geemal BIT emittey curcoot To Bir is dus to the aiusien Cc eh plo betudber 9 emits, and base punch on: Similardy bose aseent fs duc te fe combinaties mall coltctor cuspent Ts dar te doit goes: poouss 50 yours BIT, dhe ee Jerre eae cf a whieh ase | oS ous 2 + Cat - off moodt sh. fyelfus me 3 Guat. Sakualies mode ay. thea - eqaalio? modt yo 5 Qn hig mode F-BywHcdiE and cob wet ae fe bye ted Ho teucigt bias Cor AAO > side te ‘bic mode the deater gets oO oe ow oe qo thig mods E-Byoneving Fs joes ont Be Oc eee fio euces Dal mand sne | deuice acks as an apie.3. Quast Bolunatton 2 - ; vee) go Ab%s mode beth the eoeben WE are ace subectd fo foroard bres evodities and abe device acls ag) oN suiitch: we this mode Ts exhibited oF ofyrned by She ee is used a leo power applicadions. A) —thecd caderatvon mode t “TRig mode ee eimilar to Quosi- Solio 7 bet — ghe poly Aiffuenee Fs thet , the hard Batre eo Mode can be 8 exbibited by daria when %r fe Use Aec hgh Povss applications: Vion mode a) MF characte Fed Fe © Pour MOSFET (PMOs sf et) pmosfeT’Pourer metal oxide Gemiconductor field elect seaosis tons —yhaet eg Wh —theee Jecrinals $+ hos maint § namely Gute s qe and daain: she gate quuninel i connected -fo she eemiconctuctes Gyue e aye) sthaogh an oride bey made up of silicon chic ovis ($i02)* A dnt ris olse Spcluded SH puoseEeT Aer the prposs +o | enhance Nhe blocking ea of the clewlr io oes alate u. Jand seure dhe’ ‘The subs tats ( body Quurinals are Fodoroall Sheet ciaarited “lo mil if The mais Charen of pmosteT 4s What TE 86 hawing i Bequency| ie. upte 100 KHz: j ua hi he ‘\ igh Su Cor eien $s a unipoler este Condtretion, eae ehechheh="fh chicipatr oor heles oot on het ype of MOSFET devi bee ae cent wil porticapale choot gn o- channel PHoOSEE T oolyels crrcrent — cenduchon- 90m Be acl pHOsFET only cCuceeoy scluchione hols parckterh ele As ft fe moyprty corcien duua, te 4 vei . . ts Leas sensitive wth Meengeratic Chicatien - oar +o coskeolled devia be: which 1 M+ ts basically) a vol he fopub param Geure uol Vers is eg Cony puce the Curren ceaduchene Strutt S- oD) g (eee) 1 (ye StOy Di — Substrate 1 boay of dcilt layer ye Be Channcl PNCSEET ( 0 (igh Eacie cw b — \ Ko chann| PMOSFET uy + SsOperations. The operation of pmoseeT Fs exockle imiloa OS To case of qe alecteenic MOSFET 6 pody\ ° _ Vers, abet - a . Vas 7 hihen derminol %> cubed to postHur wdleo tial uth —ceepect “Jto source (Veg ro), an electric field wll be eotabliched clue to pesitiue gate perovels Tots cluctfc field exerts Lore 6m caries 49 Pe lacpour th leads -to ,-he 0 mesh charged minoriyy cacries to attack towards the A and TeepallFony (eee e| charg hols cunt tem she aw his, peroeess leadg to formation of a chasse} codtoing coos electrons Now afqec the application of Neg Abe mayer n- lyr (etecrens ) dll easily aed Ceotintieuw an Ao daain ~theey ) jhe chaon| ash —lo dren Bouree ov IHus1sies lo J ~—Npd Tene euunnk Conckuch eo ictords- of Vers ' gy ts ates $te 6m Chat© WTO leet Teo ore] elechenic “fapietes paced deeltyy Comdecl t fs 0 peaet fetch which fs hawy ability“ An wet ON wlse Send ts be fucencd wu esitive sat S ee ag ‘a. “0 vet pest of cers proeyyh Whe Yo td swe. Ff hos eqeciall | abet, ae ‘cheeice . ° $ fF by Nea be “usened on and as well os tuiwed © 4 using he came gate sescesingl ond ean ube apphepeiste 1 and nsqaties pals oe “ Gyate Turn ore” lepers (pent P-u1) Qe eanc HENS gE stands 4 scR th bos = imix 28 enceal ee nade anode , cathode and 4 te ) ad Cpt Sad Sor Z a a tor [| py + | - i: oj, - Pp le ial | a L : ah ‘, p K _. a kK A & Pasic Shuewee ef vrTe a Pasi Opsration Tre urn on prouss is accor pabsped yy ase ¢ osifine coment pulse biluteen he Pe he Hereinals * Ris posttiue galt Mie uid of as pl Peo editiuc Chard applied lacaess sherminal: use causes the coduction ocmed at (2 quest oF teint anes eo cothedsAE og par dicrdan Fncroased alae 0 pos! tue. ee Joos here coh oceue an ‘audtanche ve rere J yane¥ion 4. and the canent- craduction ghar tS apo a Lrrr—~— . ~ re un OFF enwss 41S acompaliced by ay agate current pulse welusees, aba oad cathodic eunidals +” . hig megaline current pulse couse aati —to Cotbed cere oS poste dicection 46 the mbin quaten 0% anode curcont: Bis opposite directional cudrent ( ctr te cat heel curtent) Cases. Fed ete FO geal ie SL eegatine cacent ic keep OD eneresee ty Stage adit Veome Geohere meio eet. weeduers bdldo the Ea eunent thes —the dose ull be —uscned Off. C V-1T- charattiishic - Re x Yer Now \ x / crete far) / Vert Nove (88 8 { d | es Stale welders Ace p) | | [ |SUIT [tei panction Taransiston | uncon ~Taansis toe” UIT 6tands o tet Je ts 8 deeminal . Sigg? JP certice « ML fs designed fer lew current toute power FaTing, ag pleations Sle meyer aggeations at 8 auartebion pelts gree Uke telaxatien 6m docking osaillatoa - chien Remicendurcter The unt consists of an n-type gemico ductor bed and Pape EN tg wctee Nan as Centedded ob eney Sects of qbe ea mals Hae Jerothee which is Jt has Rees SH Condu ctrl canncctech “to P- eae 4): Oran asm ioe! (1 gees) = + os cendvctiusl| cone’ Je tewsee pact of" ety (nt tees) ). Base 2 qeuminel (82 Jeuinal) — gf 9S conduc “toupee yore ob ~yhe becby (ns-tegee Syrv € hed Vesly Ceanee kee B2 aet\ Ra ~L (@1); Sone Gy: aa cine} “f uj Operation % | WA base deeminal uollae (Was 1 } Ts Re pk fixeds Remi thoy qucaninal voltage Gs Vattewed +o ase hom eco uoluee Ve S there i “Siew of 7 direction of Tel As Ve is kep eo Ve Ny the uncHeo ale leokeoy cucseot Whe Ve=Vy , VE be HE CUN EOS fer baevet When Ve Vg descther Ancre deed Biased ie Up to ~the wusltoge Wher Ve become all stor alleuting es Freche” i fa SHU ove! leads lo -ceto bias ce unctien fo ceucier bias and Nw cureent to i colt leaker? te the usfuc where cee bes bub the alee (EaL08- cs easton contin ons ndifien and dhene Goll bh function. aged 4he jeter Gull bec eme Ve = ror! there USll) be smoll the uwachon coual to Ves VqtoeT 4 in lees reenf eeaduthooBison Conduction mode . dhe eveess of holism pt acy c ( Ton wlll agdh eects Spry" hace Yuuninaf! aod fb causes q focrement FO Te eenty decrement “i Ve and aleo Rey Aacseases up oe ils oreimusy Lalud+ WNlow , vawasd witb rcress® so cxvou okUSselbage Ve alsy incleases. ° Rocking Oeci lato? A becky oscillates Fea Yost fis used te P ee PArFEW HUl&es OF vey oe Mi Yo: pat Such csallefow hawt fuse oF PROP “ +o bloe he sult de« certain cluation fin each rr ae +e olister oe Yrat uch oscillate fg 0c (Lala psullotor . ‘ 4 ONT. Bite oscillates fe an appeal’? a Vee, oe gore ares talon ‘ aalses- Oper ahton S- Hr Bios a cine t Afagn as of ccd Utes Cctesy UT When ° 5 i4cbe “pecet supply Is suited on apacid etarts choraing Ahrouan OV estates Re na % uyt es aemak Ue — So of cond ti 4 7 5 editing Ay apactto Ube i ap — a yo 2 ee Poo ohusing ehargt 4 ; FG of Capoed +e0 , uo} tage acacss TA builds up. i. 2 moment when Ve become equal 49 abo voltage ul rcreot jo HUN ON “the UIT hen Capacitor pace dtschaugiog “toaough Rae Y “ c (Men capa tee wel Ve. Oulpek velbeafe ene eile Wlaushorer feo Ve ceod Vo wish mespect to ed ander condition , ewluput setae Vo is eqesd te Ve ee VorVe* A\ desc fecha yr eb capacttor , tt as charge Sean R bom moto sepply Ven “| + OL bey os Lo ucl to the uel cegice el Ligain when Ve breomes 24! aie) ase on abe WIT vt all ot y ev Ry and sain Woz Ve - ’ Thre gacuss is confinut as ten aS Mat souice 4s applied : Yea Aunfog “Abi, paveess TE fe ohscrued, Stok so posisie Arigaee paler id oe qoat ore put decminal to ebeh “yes ef chat \ and dscho ging of capactioa. The chosing (ae de penels es AR but ime de penal en Ry Afec hacging Py \ucl uc +“Wis culpa Aeiggee pase can be ubbbad ef used arqger ON the “ce CR by a pis °° bis cut pet te ae fisminn) of the SCR a Pray i * Hep bods of eck. (ni Then aut jettenty Ae Aegaet eee ay. unllage agger'9 meshed i wyatt soggy O Seine ay ceggeg The et hed el Taaedigg meted A} Gypt aeigge’n s)> emperationt rage yy mepnod Wed Ne ut metheds” auerilahle odkR. 4s toe yey method oe forward we Viene ac ae : When ancde te cathode jorwastl worth Focecced wih qe aust open, the node of jerwedd leakoy? cuctrest Ancieases . sr a cortate foucard uoltaye colled — Breakouc voltage (eo) abe Feuerse biased yooeHion J eat) bau e Drenkdourn ans where onard fall euecod conduction Blade the cxith undies Jo asd hen the See beromes KEI’ One Sts auclane The uoltage cequived yo gee ON the tbyors tor ts celalive ly ner me as compared aith —eormal Auuice operate { ‘od such a bah Uolfag may cotseS.a huge caseriees Go Seco and q bis me Ticats Oe . peemancot Yeitusee a Ahyis Kae ale yey method Ys aot considered @ «liable metbod bene t+ fs peuce em? Nou fe dug ont the eee . on ale ‘ts Seema re « i. ameunt so em the iAselfshe Gate sang me\hod 2 ay : This method gf, he most liohle , simple ar otfcienst method fee Ae {e097 oN the SCRE : : Sn his vena dt ar) pedi’ ate a vs ~potied Meetge the ake erersinal by mA a Acc. ods able Source’ or batticny Greaess be cre cee aaa . Waker Sufficient posittue gaty ceurents te to easy XO nace Plage. Ane ue gl Concent Moo of tare Lauer Trereases Srod Cases -to oleerease dhe width ot AePlation at to poction St %y woke fs keep 06 Come Toews tohen dhe bade of H% a steye wlll f yenction ? " 4 cont lh Compleat ly ve riehssT ve \ APA then eunen wane foocHies Jo aeurs dhe aporriy coed ex to pass +hoeusb ik Hod hence casudegh Cencucltien «6 teas With gate rege 9 method 4 fhe voltagc ud ved ter mPaly acess anede +e cathode dertainal fs mud fewer thaq bereakoucy wroltagel Vee) he, + casswnk , Leased dhe. dasioaro] a Seat and ‘mere cud applied colbaqe , Ussee Mere uoflag to rece tcl she. aie owed crea uire d ko AWN ON x scR. Tatts The uidlibac aye pelce Sboald be © ofr ieot ‘i Bea S Vee Veo Quigh pbe op phic ay stbe gale cucient coaches ‘dv . . a. a Aig pri metbod 3 When sjorwarcl faye 9 i Se cotsele tant tllco aot taliel or eagacitore, Rien Joe dheu so foewati en vy The ameunt of Urkagt can ‘ he ater be ane} ewowor “abv oyyph penton In > forwerd weve applied araces ance Tuakae = Cl” Wriel ste ‘coed ce val 7 ; “y \o “at Capacitance of p ne Hoey obo relation 5 YH Ys ebcened —Abak tbe usction ts ately a epedtibact coohhede wel boy ta Foom tbe anecud —Gakage quot te \ ae watt of ch “y ot anede hr! Lee 6 d Vax, Notes a 4 Abe cate — Ra of voltage Fs So larg leakage! cueuot povenees so she Trorehiog q “the ty pigter ull be qwcned ON + consideud Jo unwanted aiqerteg meted coool oust Nhe exotk moment ef qhat -forcacd a ee method is is “engyog 2) TBagchore s this method fs metheel for magyy ON Fhe SCR: por considwud as proc tical 4). Light Joiggecing method: 4 Ved) cae Yr Adis waihod, a weeess (or otche) I, mode Go abe Toner B- yee and Totemified UG ht wat of guitable wcouteo th Fe callouted to Jatt te he tecess Laght want cootains ene 19 photons + : a jor = Of she ac jones pe oos Pe cowatent eet B Foyer’ aoveesea| paoken tS pron Hous aod pe ley « » Abe bend ~ can be aleeoos in the ane ond cod do cumin + eassrien conan tation shia Caust to Teenie the garner P= wy and steoflar as fo gate rig “porien ol BNCHEO Jo UBDISHES awed - she srhyristos Avwines| One5}: Tempardtion eiggesy] medthed Go ants method qeiggceing On Yb] Wye Nhe dempuratione y Ys to be reisedt ye wath external Voeanse f of senchye Ja ‘| : TBis leads +o frcrease 19 fevessd lekage she Aemperattore fo se sufficient that jeakag® SASS te Gre Lotehing ualur ob SCR, cement Stolk, jheeush Sh . ee Ao And syenee the ScR usitl be Mecened ON> eles CUO y ie eanseeny }- comlucdi eoPhase Condeollf cect fien oe Those roctifine cise thyeisters (eR) as a euitching element WOhfiewe wonich employ ees Kaew a6 comtee ed Sm such ty octitier, the conductor time > ary oh ey Mande conteel auc of output and es, poramselive are a the user, ot copy + cpaking the pre? ION to ol of Control the tarry a Ayre a Hintog angltsla)t Mb aepresents the time based — phese 4 ot cbt AY an ak which hariest om «6S st aye Joon vee stati —to on alot - OR A Siain: can aleo be defined as the 29% olan Vadis O when thyristor mine ee th \ Gee ey ee cool Te actually “wages . \e rc cideved Jor he analysis - Assuco PhO yo be CoM cf. pours elechionte based autitch ares pp Gm ctake nol deop should be anagumed ag eee shesog on: ste! the byristor (eutitch) should — be Conaidteed ag Sh ack ag ghect cfrcuit elerneny + feelersOye ee Cer chee ee eee forent bias nod Condit On + oo ' symietor (R10 egg cu eo Cee ned ee ee reac bias conclifion and anode curceo coortergt IGS aed 8 060, —Yhon —the Anyyfieter ehoutd — be coosidere d 3 OFF gudtch- Prose comtsol pechiliers meeds no commatatcon Gere and — cfeple by satical — cemenuhos oe tine Commutaliod, “he Ah gulton suotches can be -\urned off tuiddyy used to Yodustrial Meation hee cooleteed bese are imple Sn design tas expenetut acd Secs pouws Ve eed GUOHRHOOCEE EE GH OEEE SE ay = Bed colbing mitts. paper ells | dentelig mills s C Lrackios, 3 mM WoOEkKING ON Ce Like Cea licensee ehectrocherfeal and ole’ Wometallwye \ powuss, portable we HECK ENE SOO 6 ‘a hand -focl daiues, bids voltage fey ° a Single phase hal Wane Contratled cecdiVion with R- load. @ 7 a —S¥ ® [ot \Yen ste ; “ ' ' ! ' i ort h bot ee Lag wt 7 et ' : il \ qr i ' ' I ' | i \ 1 1 ° ! 1 : y i 1 Tens, : yw) ok i! i i \ ' [NW I\ ot. tae a ae >t Tot} ' ° tN Jn t . (tare) oe —w ct | : 7 jy wk 1 ' ' ' Opsratien . When ghyrfster fe ariggered ot sini ty aiving positue gu palce, the shysiot ane wt =~ T)tarned ON Ton + to Ot ET te < 10) Oee contin. teem wWt=0 vos: Vi: Nin: ee 0) | 2c 0 Oe Abe. ocene =O oc | te oe oon oe au : So, Vg = Vio + Tor 3 anc Vie 0 : < ig hOts ust ie current —-thacyy shane becomes EES and ir ts Th tenarSes bras ~ Ts OFF: spherefere aytioter ary$e uTLL temain Sm off stake «up to de Tostont wt 5 OM yes “from uot to wt samye, ut haus, Tt Oee So, Noz® , Tot0 and Vy: Vin * 2 Gladlation of auecon culput Te : “fesse oulptt ype 1 Jat) ton o fac Volt) dot om ante aX | NmBtowt dot) + fe: vw : A No |- coset |" « an . Xm = Ces = Cceses)] ae a A Vo 2-2 [1+ cos \ oe Foon the expression of oa eutpat Goltoge, He ghenucd amet abet culpuld untege coe 4 coolieled as destved rraquivement the aad ane am * o 1 > hol wove coool coctiier aS faduchiue TRU] Lea by og b Chae,© Aiecktos a cure abaough foduclor wemalo same (4ue) both duitg chow of wat! as diechoyy'ey * a: 5 choo al ay Se positine and hone wclragt sence Jodution ve te ‘posts di te oveptine and pene urltage scvess ° Bast digcbas Toduekd VL A ovastiad . r ¢ Conclusion &- wines hese %& dendiion em choupfog te Atechon gtote » cussen- oss ot Game bed AN poboatyy eCeuecGAs fnducter dont allow sudden ches “wee Te, the cl y Ty cuseunt —okes tage 85 apptied a + Go ceussan aco Wak v | C ( tC 5 ve Oper ado’ rdusic: Aine posite boll cate of supply at wt =, ate seiggee ae ig apptied ox ae Ao jure ON the sigtow « Cunest shacush load exponential aiss up te tis Meaximum votue asT foducter is ati encears Aiur charging. Uh arith digchatse Up fo zero valu al eurcent! at We peeg). q ‘ ‘ ; Ae oe eu femats conducting on stolt _ wt =o ©% ewobs ws spel woliage become megatiuc , bel ofl Meister tomain chao ag the lass Y of f voter across fnductes — pouceseS gteotich feces he ee ye eae owed Kas condition up vo RC Vie Ce ta a ce ( ‘ i7 ‘f | ' | ' ‘ Aa lan su 1 ; ' ' \ \ ' ee ' ' ' ' I ; ' i - rot ® lompy, : 7 ore, i ‘ ‘| ! \ ! I 5 7 wonsey) pot ot { ' ' « ieee ot + at Wied ta ee alent i cok is ON: ’ ow We —e la, : te Vee L 1 1 V No ~) wo NV, 3 Vo° Ve eT 7 CCE ee ee 97999999Now. caleutalion of ance culpel woltgg- MeO Vega + fy «wt T Oo. wo oO (anse) 7 Ah \ votive « 1 §, QHAK “as | (Nmsinwt dot + {east a 8 . aie (- Cos orl) 232 (eootly \% in (cox- cng} Here — auesraye oudpul raat docienses duc Ao the negatine voltage occu ing aw each ccle Of euppty © The cumxage oulpur usltage can be od usted — 06 Ceohotted ba con deollion ox Blue and B J Galue + The negate woltens fin Case of RL Load v4 Foduchive load con @ eliminate al usiog {ree healing diode ectose the loads Ae of £0 DF = | The FO wakes tbe ouput uo, aa ) dufieg she £0 : puriodt ond tenet a) 44 eleminalis | yoe patblam of appearing smal) negatives vol faze with 9 cing Joad’: at Noptt resulls TOFO whe 8 een wabpuk ua ing eee oh a \ooo]VOW anne phase cemteottiel oeetefer chan R- toad T 4 ’ re . . | h \ ; ra ~~ “pe Wy 7 * Vs | \ . ye tet loa yr A es 2) (LX | F ! | Ss} | 7 dae Nye Saath Aiggaaes as yey pu want barsy MI dye Peel! asf % * \ a ws ~~ no: setCpuation 2- | usdo pestis boll cyte of ac oxt Apeearel raged * AE Wot = & , Wigge® pels is T, nd ‘4 2 ord T to juin them One from wt=0 to wk = mone of athe sngeetes at contacting Se eatpul usliaye Vo=0° C | . sepplyy 1 hytieton Ty acl Ta ermulraneeus\y an yo fem wt:a to wk=h .o8 thai ter Ty and Tr ae ON. oulput uelsage » Vo= Vabs d ahyrister T ard Ta Wwined OFF eee oucacd bias ed condi Foo + but Thyristor Ty TH OM vo to To 14 Ah wt Moe, Kiemultansous Higget pulse ts ae de tune them OM” Ta, Ta. wemais on ecpto wt = 2% ertm to wrsaNn, outpek vsliagt Vor Va = Vba fees wit Output cassuot (Want form Gsoc| olleoss fhe oufpe F Uel far [casafoun a8 fhe load , fy esstiv' Caleulatiec of ere outpal walter : 7 ‘he 4 Vo (4) et Onan + | Yottert 3) ms : : “Je sionl dwt + \ oawt| an : New cost ee « “ [cess \ \- ro for = cont © | aie [ea 1]oom whe expressi0o of cues output Luo Hoy rib Ts Obscrced tbat € By vt fiotay ne 1 auton eat put od Cary ¢ ‘ be cooteotte ° Fath moet phase con ieotted secifier llth Goductiue load @t toad) 6 iA yw swt > wt ¢ ¢ —-IIPVPAMRAHRMOHRHHOHNRAVDAONHHHAHAHOHRACAWhen ares supply Se qiuen, 4bpeigdor Tr? Ta ace ercand bias cael positive belt cycle = Awe = oe qrigget ale Pe gies qo 4uxn On thyristor Ty and To: a y 4 When Ybyristes Tr and To conducts outpet woltage Vor Vab and cucdot arises ex porn Lely and then Aelle va 010 ak wt =p. dovea whem 400% -8 111 ito oe OM and out pub cuereen Awous by dplentin tthe path, ere i : faom wl: +0 wr =P cigtoe Tg Ta, Femeto Cooduchos becouse of Pnductiue Load Siviloly : fo wr 2 + go whe WAP edbyister. Ts asel T4. { Lectd + eremacy conducting becouse ol fodac Hue Ay whinra brit poise Se ge do Aan ON buyrictor Tgend Ty 4 ¢Y 3 4 : ; “These thyristor wemain conducli ny Pl ee ss eDustay woh = mtx te wt = TFB, pubped uolfaye J Yor -Nab ~Vbo and outpace ceewent fous, oo by deUoustng be path eee ee oe © Colenlation of aur] é eutpat woldoy: ¥ 7 _. S net Nw Gnu date eo det° \-& gewi consetlad cectiffie oF 1 ar eobaslien, wok FR ; ality ree ehaciog dicde + ‘ “ t ‘ t = ‘ wi ‘ A « C r ‘ 4 4 ae ee her r ae c ae lta L \\ wee Well \ a a ih si} ¢ eyuoliel ck whee r Tala ON Sty ' ' 1 1 Nr NU (nix) an Tans)equivalent: ke dui hee 2) pied * Clatalien ou + wot Of ousioy: ontpak wonege Vac ¥ [ve simiot dot « - Yo (ret = Ye [os S Ye {ees a Cos = Me [toss 4 ‘| B- d halt wot uncenkrollec! rect jerg , $e avis yf vo dick fs used as secsitication aout ces Ae she cesuerion of palancd 8-G tec supply uncontrolled Lec output: This, 4 co ivieae 60s aoe cooust foto of eectifier cam ke ob AaWleutag ante }. Commen Gxtheoct Ceahiquestion ae Commnen - anode confiqpredionNe Common Coeds aaa a o _—_{>-__ Ralanced a . | ae base Suppl * | d : || on) Here, c— > _ Phage uol} - a ase --. L O phase > Vg \, Bin woh ° b phases Vp - Vane Sin (wl -120) Ye} © phases Ve = Vine Biqlwt 4120) ie — | 96 common cathocle cen) yeistion , Whe Aiode which Hauck ny Maximum, Aneds Poko al Tostl conductt and nemadoing Aug Me famain 8H OLE ah. Ow 8 The diode of corres ponding presse which te tn OW dale hat allots the rans oy eta | phere peacl s ocbpul- — uelhage + wolf, yo appent acacss Lo as \ aa Pee \ / ace ony cycle of supe each dicds Gill coeturk es Bed = 120Wert IX wt de he he AP xe $e SO at a ih te meme He wh} Ya Nb Ne ive N x x ‘ . \ { be ahe Auch te Ny YH 9+ \ X \ / \ T we | NOM) JS N _e <7 vb ve ~Na Vs ve k-——"< $g__._<—_ <—_— Oo 93 con ad, 8 1}. Common anode configuration a- —k\|—_ b—*\— lla ¢ —k|+—_+ Bolen a4 Ac Supply Ber rm te conbiquiction ,ane diede which fs Jon commen ands Tor LU ON & Qubeded fo maximum ont posestial ill ut) coocludts and creme og que ae IO of atatelables of anes culpedt 4} tor commen, cxihede, \ wt 350 “Nee 2 GE Soe ie No = Voc =3§ | vq Sinwt dot _ a Dee \- s\n ae 4150 :3 vee) BYep oe . | Ly Oy "an OP 3] x): fer ancde att tommen Ve vfs J wngin wt dwt 30 Sr [cesta © Ceoclucien - Both " ¢ emomen Cathedt. and Comme anede t- AA any Amie Lead 7s anh Conneded betes, Phase and peatral ts sub hen 4 reed Aw phase voltae + Gubgut — waurfomn — censists of 8 pullers chee cues cache ey coat \ ' \ \ Pulse facquency| sa Mees the Suge Aesarney +@ pulse duiation Fs a20' © Comctchion time Jor each ice je Gr © Conduction dime foe exch phase fs aoe. © ap yall wane uncontrolled Ceci RO - %, 2 ae Cfacuth eee fe a-4 full wot \ unconretkdl aeckte¢ ae type) wecti fier ean he okt by et uscootrolled commen anode cxobiquaaki he commen cathodt and of dicdss te divided Yoto tO @ gf consis of —& por of Bodk which ok, dieds oer comely ep geese and bottom ares o: 4. os. os bstengs se 4p peep and O41 de Oa BONA . bottom at : © fp group 8 connedtecl 48° wy Teton Gat is contignsation : commen eathodt — C00 uscaloo ah anodt onected ay commen x Colewtalior of autcxngt oxcipet uoltant y te ~~ a | Wt=30°Cathode Ne Comme “7h = > FP - ee ee ee NE ¥ vee a. a0 A ge 2h ae nsewa © Conctusten t- Jo dull wows 8-4 eeochile , two diols ass Ko conduction at andime , one dicdt pom YOR ep wibich Se gah marimuns posifut volta and ¥ A pom bottom fies which is 4 syd re Savi nur mite velba ot 4ime load 8 conneted to ee prow wise and ta weltege appears qenots “Wr © Paler duxation Ts on © Condacltorn fime {P! cath diodt 16 y20°° ‘ © Condszcion gtene ie ouch prose fg 240 © oh hall aur Controlled coctihen. oY Keowee pet enuc iit>wt »oiod ee ary on ON oN ON ° alabors loc vara f cudpet ecto oc eae : wots @tiso") Nuc = 738) | Vip: Sin wt aot © GB) | wr wt=(aied) (ee 450°) Ins otf ot b ce (asc) oy | cos (Aa43c') - Ces (< use)| = = AN [ow (gore) — cos (30466 4<) E - 3. Vop [Cos co) 4 sto (60 | 3. Yop {3 scosec- 4, Sin +8 casec + SI6 cee “an 2 . Simp TB cose = 38 Nenp Cos 0«- . anne for 80'<0c < 90° \eny = co" | fow R- toed +150 Yee > Ca Volt) deat ~ (28 t) dus CS) : ARG 3 138 SO %C =. | sesnette : Joawt- ABE 430 ac : 3. Veop Cos wot e* ° 7 ASO 3 Vep [cose / costs] S 3 Nmp \S cose sin + ‘| 2 K fer Bot NS . Veop + COS XK DNGee Lt fo © &S$30' Oulput uel fag oaualwor beth \u R - load and R-Le Loach would be the tame - Gee 2+ for Seago qy When leads poly teosindiut (R- toad), Culpa lteltag woarefoum Wo Game as the correspon dicy nett in phoce uolteg buf” “thyeistet become Poturcaltey —pusun OFF ad thew ances ceoon ok becomes ero exacHy at Pbase woltons Ake fostant when hela becomes zaroe St leads +o a sherk duration when tro eutpub fs obtained tn eusey cycls by). Jo case of RL toad, the conduct trite 4 shynsior Phase sito}: becores cae iti “fe roninly duc -fo ibe Ypresenes ch Trductiue load “This leads 40 peqasiuc Shore duxation ead peat i Ney I eyete outed a g-h full waut Control fecdift OLThe boi cinat cones of 6 thywetas to tue aa . Thymistor ot, , Ta and Vs vary Ye positiur aproup and thay uull be suheded to fodiard bias cenrlitven with pelt tin wottoge « 7 Ho neacdius eK unt! Thyrister Ta, Te ord Ta Belen as tbe can be io forward ret ee supty uo ey . +\y Hime, Heo FY! aN he arene bree pants ae? an oe a A ne The euipet velt cpp acess lood uull te vo Laold ty the up ye 4 Coody ea conduction ietorg au BE 19 erdoct a . Geta ger [eee as 7% Peet ve pee sot Cenductfen able fen shyt tetorsaucage eupel uchoy | 15 Oa 04x) ) a % S Yop Sio(wt 4ac) dot RIK gow Beg vep {singed 490) dwt Gore ANmp feswt racy] Lage { Noon [Link] | Cos WE CEAC = Sot trmac'| > 2p ees (Gotoe) + 619 Bo +) :3 ie vm) Jcesor 8 sihor 4 Cusoe + $ pine | : 3 vee . COses Obseruati en ¢- Ar ony Hime aed appear ocnoes load fs Gee ucl+aqe C AE ony aime dace thyristor conducts, one em Pesitius qe? aod other “perm never get Pace Auration {5 6o+ Each arhyristes coda deo i908. Bach hose concludts fer 940", TIT TTP hi “F 99999977782 aan Ue ' ? =° at ny eh Ouneep) ate of scure Toductanc an Cenuetlec opeation wk 2 pelse - Conuctoy Th 4 oy if % Ty: torelaifte % Stysad logo ns, ryt ies induc Sree load ur do We Ph enc of aeure ductane + ADE ceed t shove owe 5 weald oe Gig S- 1 full verve batty me teed oles aghoceyh hs re low: loduic Face + tees Abe MN eeok socoming) anyon er duced One ae ouhey etn Ah “or Oa sali (or tesened OF) cot Comma couses, the eecen oven sinal and ince ming) he gears induichanc duwesdion Ch scR ao Conchuct ee Ae Yime - gered beth Art incoming ord tag culpa Mate x ve sane fecion athe commutation she when th 4 ae lo x10 7 Vo conduction veggies : o- Yhex Whe oy. oust 2inn and ecerewr eck see conductio veep Athen he durthen et tohich bey ase cundete Line \e faves te Koes) as * puctlan § \" fe voor revved she cuctlap pad = tou ch = ‘ ‘ oust lop angle + ne & ceepresentd My IM act —asseenph fon + e ‘The Load ewwurd 4 sumed crastaol: by , toad ts broly aedve tive (ood + ee hav duration wll reme pid ath Jou bynes Ga tkeaun! © Glculation ler Vay ow No. nw oN toite: ee « i . A \ + _ F [x det oo al nee o- dwt + | vm tiowt _ BB [ - Cog wt \ ++ i Jes n= [es nt) Ye [ep ace 7 o fF nm ¢. PPDAMR MMMM Hh AHA HoCenclusten 4- roe putput Sur +o rhe elect of source inductance 4the vee oe decreases a5 SE causes culpa ueltegs dcop at oudap period .* ae a oe poet Thee ace pout alectienie —dawicts Ghat cooveils 8 -P and pmqeente]* Yolo controlable ne pou at desivad well ay , pe woltayt be Toute, fs a deuce which conucits content 2° & 4 Note controllable re well Frusitecc ane uscd fo unsawus application Uke slpastobte cpecd Ae Anius, Yocue lien heating Stood by arperapy ew son 1 ofc. UPS hee computer HVC -daangmission Une a The de gousccs te be used as Topub Jor Touche ts chteuined pen a Tower sunt MekuorR OF pom @ gotali al\ocooter wert @ectihies oa. er a bal ace del all), mean nee “Aydee dyoomt e Josten (Mita) - Classibreation of Powe te ° 7 $ we SS ue SAUL. Syssiied Soto follouting —1es0 catego “ee ye Ne Spurs Foust (vex) Oe welboge dal oucrleu (vet) Sm Anis Agee of youre Se ieting acl Seurs utith small oe efit Vodeunal impedance Ts ah used as a seurec et OUEAUO+ By. Cwoest sours ‘iouwetboy (est) ow cwount fed iourtlon (CFT) §o +his Hp Ch Aube ceerong Low \gdutians) o Seuns 9¢ 0 uoltayy Sout od nae Yopetance 6 used GO gears © classification 06 jhe basis of apgtication (nataxc of oudpot) Qasr ase haved closcified into AO “HRS - ed ® io vertoe | g- a> inuertouNole-« o 4, Ree among dslcoh SAPS of . conbiqucatian OF connections ob Ta, cvmeenvryy . ERE baal ae inue cca oo yype tnuertix 680 Vy : on cancun tes mesh pepuhk Yh in ucitin | | ag inaerley +b vs v \ : eed Ye mods iowilir ee - | veltegs sour inure ¢ * 42 beidge inustey Ys bacadl, clossified into tuo 4 ci a ae +): Holt a joucTley, ap Ba bm jourliy Ye 1 Hell bait ioutee 4 SE consists of tee dindsg ond Bure supely: SeRe» HeH0 Opsston’ = 2 . ar - eiges aS for 06 & < Yo [rae x T,30N toTy Ta OFF a valent cht "ad 3 —> lead > B Tp8 Seu YW A —ySeunce ae News AA Le Yor Th ts Aoveety commutated fo Feret : [ost ae pulse ue giusy Ybo Ta Ta ON 1, 3 OFF wustent cht aye oe Noe ae Ns 7 no : To t- eure 5 Q—> lead > A —> Ta Seeerce +bl¢ bo ye aS, -—T, — ' ae Haut ovens of 1-Q bolb boda fou lee —Arsumphies ye" lnuarduc opuction 2 Bor hyrictee ceoducts que —the Auaticn . {4s ae paelse is Present abd W% is commutatid (fumed OFF) GL seed aS the 7g pul is cremoried e Ce aw +o. b Nog © Wiedee —1e te prouid 4c 4 -the y 0 Loaf te peried of fe readback dicdes com be Im furche 4c \ee bN wiyh Wad coo. enciay Gye todueton and dalpaciterThe chtained oul pat utllaxe (| Fo Salou haniny ex equate 4 Jerequeogy. (= ts con be COOkrolled by The culput voltage and ducquency ‘| Jats pulses « dy Seo he Adralion of & ® Coauhack } ts Gh uses g- uciee seen 4). The elfectiue (ae wotaa) obrained is halt of the Soure weling ie (Nolo) Note s- dice supply aystin . T+ Teo costlier ; $9) edits Sto cummeme the clwcuchocks of halt bred iouertix. Alatt boide jour ib daspge ps @ Aunt bride iqusibr gt fF SOMe ie zp bL.: 2eomsec T=t, —— J, = wmere ta ost 6/2 i Ko SPs Pres egy ae 16 gure Tay Te simultanceuslyy | 41, tro ndt> +8 = sts > ON “y [io te] Tye Ty 2 OFE | \ A Son Zsa easels cine tm | 2 L lene) AA Fe Es WL Ty ate forcly commatald Ve and Lee. . ttigges Neo ig pun 3 st er| aa Ira. Simultanuossly =) Ta: Ta ON Ty. Ty —> OFF Hous Vo = Vag Vs epuivalens ciweui } ayere, Vor * Vag Vs To= Ve Ti A —> Nod > 1 eo 12 > NS y pe No b1? To = Wo3T3 > B —> load ‘| fae > A> T4- Vs 14 {Fe is posites: Ll {Xo is —ue %