1. During production of cement, raw materials are mixed in ball mill.

NOTE: Cement mill → Grinding (tube mill),

Pug mill → Brick Preparation,

Rotary Kiln → Burning of cement.

2. The cementing property of cement is mainly due to lime.

NOTE: Alumina → Brick

Silica → Strength due to formation of dia-calcium sillicate, Loss of cohesion.

Iron-oxide → Colour and hardness.

3. The sum of percentage of tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate for Portland cement varies
from 70 to 80%.

NOTE: Dicalcium silicate is → 42%.

Tricalcium silicate is → 30%.

4. The undesirable property of cement is due to C₃A (Tricalcium Aluminate).

NOTE: C₃ A makes cement set fast (shortest period).

C₃ S = initial strength.
C₂ S = ultimate strength.

5. After final grinding of cement, the cement is sieved through IS 9.

NOTE: IS 9 is → 90µ.

6. Soundness test of cement by Le-chatlier’s apparatus gives unsoundness due to lime only.

NOTE: Autoclave gives lime and magnesia both.

7. To hydrate 500kg cement fully, water needed is 130 kg.

NOTE: Consistency range of cement is 25 to 35%.

8. Cement gains strength due to hydration of cement.

9. What will be the depth of penetration of plunger from bottom of Vicat’s apparatus when
cement is tested for standard consistency? Answer: ≧ 5 to 7 mm.
NOTE: Total depth of Vicat’s apparatus is → 40 mm.
Depth of penetration from top is → (33 to 35) mm.

10. Vicat’s apparatus is used for test for consistency test.

NOTE: Setting time test also (2nd option).

Le-chatlier’s apparatus is test for soundness.

𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂
11. Fineness of cement is measured in .
𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔

NOTE: OPC → specific surface area = 2250 cm²/gram.

P.P.C → 3000 cm²/gram.
R.H.C → 3250 cm²/gram.

12. In Vicat’s apparatus, diameter of needle for standard consistency test is 10 mm.

NOTE: For initial setting time test, it is 1 mm.

For final setting time test, it is 5 mm.

13. Maximum size of aggregate used in slab construction is 15 mm.

NOTE: R.C.C is →10 mm [beam, column, foundation].

R.C.C is → 25 mm.
Dam is → 40 mm.

14. Bulking of coarse aggregate is negligible.

NOTE: Bulking in sand only. (Sand is fine aggregate).

15. Bulking is observed when sand is partially saturated.

NOTE: Bulking max at 4%.

16. Maximum bulking factor of sand is 1.4%.

17. In the soundness test, whole apparatus is immersed in water for 24 hours.

18. Allowable clay and silt in sand for mortar is 4 to 6%.

NOTE: Exact answer is → 5%.

19. Minimum water-cement ratio required for full hydration of cement is 0.4.

NOTE: Exact answer is → 0.38.

Minimum water-cement ratio for workable is → 0.45

 Maximum water-cement ratio for durable concrete is → 0.8

20. The effect of adding calcium chloride (CaCl₂) is increases shrinkage and decreases setting
time.

21. For batching of concrete material, maximum tolerance in cement is ± 2%.

NOTE: Sand/aggregate/water is → ± 3%.

22. The inner dimension of 35 liters farma is 35cm x 25cm x 40cm or 27cm x 27cm x 48cm.

NOTE: Farma is box for batching.

23. For transportation of concrete by pump, it is done for horizontal distance of 400 m.

NOTE: Vertical by pump is → 50 m.

24. Highest 3 days strength is for High Alumina cement.

NOTE: Shortest curing period is → Rapid hardening cement.

25. Steam curing is avoided for cement type is High Alumina cement.

26. The formwork of underside of slab is removed after 7 days.

NOTE: Vertical side of beam/column = 1 day (16 to 24 hours).

Slab soffit = 3 days.
Slab prop to be removed: Span < 4.5 m = 14 days

Span > 6.5 m = 21 days.

Span > 6.5 m = 21 days.

27. Amount of water required per bag of cement is:

M5 = 60 liters.
M7.5 = 45 liters.
M10 = 34 liters.
M15 = 32 liters.
M20 = 30 liters.

28. Minimum grade of high strength concrete is M60.

29. Maximum quantity of aggregate for 50 kg of cement shall not exceed 450 kg.

NOTE: M10 = (max aggregate and min cement).

30. Ordinary cement is not used for M40.

31. Workability of concrete is inversely proportional to time of transit.

NOTE: Directly proportional → grading of aggregate (best answer).

→ aggregate/cement ratio.

32. Concrete may gain 100% strength after 3 years.

NOTE: 28 days if available in option.

33. The discrepancy is the difference between Two measured values of the same quantity.

34. If L’ is the perimeter of a closed traverse, ΔD is the closing error in departure, the correction
𝑙
for the departure of traverse side of length ‘L’ according to Bowditch’s rule is 𝐿 𝑥 ∆𝐷.

35. The triangle formed by joining the position of known points on plane-table survey is known
as great triangle.

36. The standard size of brick as per Nepal standard is 230 mm x 115 mm x 57 mm.

37. The weight loss of heating of bitumen used for pavement should not be more than 1%.

38. If the shear force along a section of a beam is zero, the bending moment at the section is
maximum.

39. The rate of flow through V-notch varies as 𝐻 5/2 .

40. If the volume of a liquid weighing 2400 kg is 3 m³, then 0.8 is its

specific gravity.

41. A gradient along which the vehicle doesn’t require any tractive effort to maintain a specified
speed is floating gradient.

42. Berms are provided in canals if these are

partly in excavation and partly in embankment.

43. Total weight of cement required for 1 m³ of P.C.C (1:2:4) is 320 kg.

44. The first stage of construction is initiation of proposal.

45. The hydraulic grade line (HGL) represents the sum of

pressure head, kinetic head, and datum head.

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46. The active earth pressure of soil is proportional to tan² (45° - 𝟐 ).

47. Undrained shear strength ‘Cu’ of saturated clay is tested in unconfined compression is given
in terms of unconfined compressive strength as Cu = 0.5 qu.

48. The shearing strength of cohesionless soil depends upon confining pressure.

49. The factor of safety for steel is 1.78, for concrete it is 3.

50. The diameter of longitudinal bars of a column should not be less than 12 mm.

51. The maximum allowable percentage of reinforcement in R.C.C. beam is 4%.

52. The detention time in a septic tank is usually 22-24 hours.

53. In chute spillway, the flow is usually supercritical.

54. The maximum (Permissible) salt present in the soil for crop production is

2000 ppm.

NOTE: PPM → Parts per million

55. Most suitable method for plotting in hilly area is Intersection.

56. Distemper is used for plastered surface not exposed to weather.

57. Shear force diagram for cantilever beam subjected to U.D.L. in whole span is Triangle.

58. Maximum bending moment caused by moving load on a fixed end beam occurs at supports.

59. 1m head is equivalent to 0.1 kg/cm².

60. Young's modulus of concrete (I.S. 456:2000) is 5000√Fck.

61. Seepage force is proportional to Exit Gradient.

62. The cement sand mortar prefer in half brick wall is 1:4.

63. Slump used for beam and column is 50-100.

64. Hydraulic jump occurs when flow changes from super critical to sub critical.

65. Mostly used coagulant is Alum.

66. Unit of measurement of cribbing is m².

67. Aggregate planning is the planning of whole project.

68. To prevent segregation, the maximum vertical height for placing of concrete is 1m.

69. During placing of concrete excess air voids from concrete will be removed due to which the
strength of concrete increases by 15% – 20 %.

70. The ultimate tensile strength of structural mild steel is about 420 N/mm2.

71. Due to creep, modular ratio of concrete Increases.

72. Strain in concrete at zero stress is called Shrinkage strain.

73. The method of plane tabling commonly used for establishing the instrument station only is Resection.

74. A curve of varying radius is known as Transition curve.

75. The quality of cement is good if it has more of Tri-calcium silicate.

76. The ratio of the largest load in a test to the original cross-sectional area of the test is Ultimate stress.

77. Most of the shear tests are done in equipment which are Drainage controlled.

78. A Sanitary sewer is expected to run 2/3 full.

79. Bill of quantities is prepared based on Estimated quantities.

80. The vertical members which support door frame are Jambs.

81. Line of the balance technique is used for Planning of activity.