Work Meaning -
Work = Force × Displacement (motion)
Physics mein agar tum kisi object pe force lagate ho, aur wo object move karta hai, matlab uski
position change hoti hai,toh usey work kareyge
Lekin agar force lagaya aur object nahi hila, toh work done = 0 (zero).
Example 1:
Tum ek table ko dhakka dete ho aur wo thoda sa bhi hilta hai,
👍
toh force bhi hai aur motion (displacement) bhi,
Work done hua.
Example 2:
Tum ek wall ko dhakka dete ho, lekin wall hila hi nahi,
👎
toh force toh lagaya, par motion/displacement nahi,
No work done (Physics ke hisaab se).
Toh final formula: Work tabhi hota hai jab:
1. Tumne force lagaya ho
2. Aur object ne movement ya shape change dikhaya ho
Unit of Work
Work = Force × Distance
Force ka unit = Newton (N)
Distance ka unit = Metre (m)
Toh Work ka unit = Newton × Metre (Nm)
Newton × Metre is also called Joule (J)
Joule , scientist J.P. Joule ke naam par rakha hai.
Note : Unit - Energy = Joule (J)
Type of Work
1. Positive Work (Based on Angle Between Force and Displacement)
Agar force aur displacement dono same direction mein hain (yaani angle unke beech 0° se
90° ke beech hai), toh positive work hota hai.
Force aur movement ek hi taraf → Positive Work
Matlab: Example:
Jab aap ek bag ko upar lift karte ho.
● Aapka force bhi upar
● Bag ki movement (displacement) bhi upar
= Toh positive work ho raha hai.
Matlab - Aap jahan dhakka de rahe ho, object bhi wahin move kar raha hai.
2. Negative Work
Agar force aur displacement ek dusre ke opposite direction mein ho (yaani angle 90° se 270° ke
beech ho), toh negative work hota hai.
Jab force aur movement opposite direction mein ho → Negative Work
Example: Tum ek basket ko upar utha rahe ho, par gravity usse neeche kheech rahi hai
● Tum force laga rahe ho upar ki taraf (basket uthaa rahe ho)
● Lekin gravity ka force hamesha neeche ki taraf lagta hai
Toh yahaan:
● Displacement hai upar ki taraf (tum basket upar le ja rahe ho)
● Force of gravity hai neeche ki taraf (earth kheech rahi hai)
● Direction opposite ho gayi
Result:
Earth ne basket par negative work kiya — kyunki uska force tumhari direction ke opposite tha.
3. Zero Work – Jab object move hi na kare ya angle 90° ho
Agar object par force toh laga, par koi movement (displacement) nahi hua, ya force aur
displacement ke beech angle exact 90° hai, toh work zero hota hai.
Example 1:
Aap wall ko zor se dhakka dete ho, par wall hilti hi nahi = zero work
Energy ke karan → Force laga
Force se → Displacement hua
Displacement + Force → Work hua
Toh kaam hone ka matlab → Energy use hui
Toh Work = Energy?
BILKUL! Almost correct!
Science mein iska matlab yeh hota hai:
✅ Work = Energy USED
Work tabhi hota hai jab:
● Energy apply hoti hai (e.g. muscle se, battery se)
● Wo energy force banakar kisi object ko hilaati hai (displacement)
Toh:
Work = Force × Displacement
Lekin Force bhi toh tabhi laga jab energy mili (jaise khana, fuel, battery...)
Isliye final conclusion:
Work = Energy used to move something
Toh Work aur Energy dono ek unit mein hote hain: Joule (J)
📦 Ek Example:
● Aapne ek box ko 5 meter dhakka diya
● Isme aapne energy lagayi (khana ka, muscle ka)
● Wo energy ban gayi force
● Force ne box ko displace kiya
● Isliye aapne Work kiya = Energy ka use kiya
🤝 Work aur Energy ka Simple Relation:
Energy = kaam karne ki taaqat
Work = us taaqat ka use
Toh haan, jab aap Work karte ho, toh Energy use hoti hai.
🟩
🟨WorkWork
Lekin:
= Energy USED
= Force × Displacement (yahi scientific formula hai)
Note : "=" yeh batata hai ki jitna force × displacement hoga, utna hi work hoga, aur utni hi
energy use hogi.”
Different forms of Energy
Energy exists in several forms. Some forms are explained below
1. Mechanical Energy
2. Internal energy
3. Heat energy
4. Chemical energy
5. Electrical energy
6. Nuclear energy
7. Light energy
8. Sound energy
9. Wind energy
10. Biomas energy
[Link] energy
Type of Mechanical Energy
Mechanical energy is of two types
1. Kinetic Energy
2. Potential Energy
● Gravitational Potential Energy
● Elastic Potential Energy
Question: Kya energy ke alawa koi aur cheez ho sakti hai jo kisi object ko move kar rahi
ho?”
Motion ka cause kya hota hai?
Physics ke according:
Kisi bhi cheez ko move karne ke liye "force" lagta hai. Aur force lagane ke liye energy chahiye
hoti hai.
🛞 Example:
● Ek car ko push karna hai.
Tumhare paas energy hai → tumne force lagaya → car move hui.
Yaani energy → force → motion
Kya bina energy ke motion ho sakta hai?
Nahi.
Bina energy ke tum force nahi laga sakte.
Aur bina force ke motion nahi hoga.
Har motion ke peeche energy ka hi koi form hota hai:
● Human walks = muscular energy
● Fan rotates = electrical energy
● Bullet moves = chemical energy (from gunpowder)
● Planet ghoomta hai = gravitational energy + motion continue karta hai (inertia)
Toh kya energy ke alawa kuch aur cause ban sakta hai?
Answer:
Nahi. Energy ke bina koi bhi object move nahi karega.
Chahe wo human ho, machine ho, ya rocket ho har jagah energy convert hoti hai motion mein.
Law of Conservation of Energy
Law ke according Energy na to banayi ja sakti hai (create), aur na hi mitayi ja sakti hai (destroy).
Energy sirf ek form se doosri form mein badalti hai.
Note : Total energy pehle aur baad mein same rehti hai, bas uska roop (form) badal jata hai.
Yeh law har jagah apply hota hai – nature mein, machines mein, insaan ke sharir mein bhi.
Illustration: lighting Candles
Step 1:
Candle mein wax hota hai.
Wax ke andar Chemical Energy stored hoti hai.
Step 2:
Jab aap candle ko jalate ho, wax melt hoti hai aur jalti hai.
Step 3:
Jalne ke baad wax ki Chemical Energy convert hoti hai:
● Heat Energy mein (jo garam karta hai)
● Light Energy mein (jo roshni karta hai)
Matlab kya hua?
● Energy khatam nahi hui.
● Sirf Chemical Energy → Heat + Light Energy mein badal gayi.
Example:
1. Photosynthesis (Green Plants):
Jab ped-paudhe suraj ki roshni (solar energy) ka use karke apna khana banate hain,
toh solar energy → chemical energy mein convert hoti hai.
Yeh chemical energy plant ke food mein store hoti hai.
2. Muscular energy → Kinetic energy (Ball throw):
Jab hum ball ko phekते hain, toh humare muscles ki energy (muscular energy) ball ke move
hone wali energy (kinetic energy) mein badal jaati hai.
3. Toy Car Spring (Potential → Kinetic):
Ek toy car mein spring hota hai. Jab spring ko tight kiya jata hai, toh usmein potential energy
store ho jaati hai. Jab spring release hota hai, woh energy kinetic energy ban jaati hai aur car
chalti hai.
4. Bow and Arrow (Potential → Kinetic):
Jab ek bow (teer-dhanush) stretch kiya jata hai, toh usmein potential energy hoti hai. Jab
chhoda jata hai, yeh energy kinetic energy ban jaati hai aur teer tezi se aage nikalta hai.
Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy
Continue…….
Sources of Energy
Source and Form of energy difference
Forms of energy aur sources of energy dono alag cheezein hoti hain.
➔ Forms of Energy :
Matlab: Energy kis roop (type) mein exist karti hai.
• Kinetic Energy – motion ki wajah se
• Potential Energy – position ya height ki wajah se
• Heat Energy – temperature ki wajah se
• Light Energy – roshni se milti hai
• Chemical Energy – food, fuel, battery ke andar hoti hai
• Electrical Energy – electric current ke form mein
• Sound Energy – vibration ke through milti hai
• Nuclear Energy – atom ke andar se milti hai
➔ Sources of Energy :
Matlab: Energy humein milti kahan se hai (uska origin ya source).
• Sun (Solar Energy) – sabse bada natural source
• Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas – fossil fuels
• Wind – windmill se
• Water – dam aur waterfalls (hydropower)
• Food – living beings ke liye
• Uranium – nuclear energy ka source
• Battery – electrical energy ka source
Example :
Jab hum coal jalaate hain (source), toh humein heat aur light energy (form) milti hai.
Jab hum solar panel use karte hain (source = sun), toh humein electrical energy (form) milti hai.
Shortcut :
"Form" = Energy kis type ki hai
"Source" = Energy kahan se aayi hai
Sources of Energy two types :
1. Conventional Source of Energy
2. Non - Conventional Source of Energy
1. Conventional Source of Energy (Also called Non- renewable)
● Fossil fuels
● Thermal Power Plant
● Hydro Power Plants
● Fossil Fuels
Meaning -
Step 1 -
• Earth par ghane jungle aur samundari jeev (marine animals) hote the.
• Jab ye plants aur animals mar jaate hai, toh unka sharir hawa mein udta nahi hai, balki wo
zameen ke andar dhas jaata hai, aur specific jagah par settle hota hai, jaise:
Jagah ka Naam Kya Hota Hai Wahan?
🌿 Swamps (Dal-dal) Gile aur oxygen-kam ilaake, jahan dead
plants jam jaate hain
🌊 Lakes & Rivers Dead leaves, branches aur animals pani ke
niche settle ho jaate hain
🌊 Ocean Floor Marine animals aur plankton samundar ke
floor mein dabb jaate hain sediment ke
neeche
Step 2:
In dead organisms ko bacteria aur fungi decompose karna shuru kar dete hain.
Step 3 :
Pir in dead bodies ke upar mitti, pathar, jama ho jaate hain jo ke inhe aur bhi gehraai mein
daba dete hain.
Gehraai mein jaane ke baad, pressure aur heat badh jaati hai. Ye heat and pressure lakhoon
saalon takh dhire dhire mitti ke neeche dead bodies pe lagta raha.
Step 4:
High pressure aur heat ki wajah se yeh dead plants and animals fuel mein badalne lagte hai.
Isse ko ham fossil fuels kehte hai and also iska meaning ye he hai.
Yeh change ekdum jaldi nahi hota, lakhs to millions of years lagte hain.
❗Notes :
Step 2 Explanation: In jagahon mein oxygen bohot kam hoti hai (anaerobic conditions), isiliye
inka proper decomposition nahi ho pata.
Fir naye sediments (mitti, ret, clay) ke layers time ke saath upar chadhte jaate hain.
Pressure build hota hai aur organic matter neeche chhup jaata hai.
Visualise karo: Dead plant 🪵 + Dal-dal 🟤 + Mitti ka pressure ⬇ = Fossil fuel ka base ready
ho raha hai!
Note : Different conditions (heat, pressure, location) ke base par 3 types ke fuels bante hain:
Plants → Coal
Marine plants/animals → Oil and Natural Gas
Fossil Fuel Kis se bana Kahan bana
Coal Ped-paudhon se Dry land mein pressure se
Petroleum Marine plants & animals Samundar ke neeche high
pressure + heat se
Natural Gas Petroleum ke aas-paas Zyada heat hone se gas form
Yeh sab humein earth ke neeche milte hain, aur yeh non-renewable hote hain – matlab ek baar
khatam ho gaye toh dubara jaldi nahi milenge.
1. Coal
Meaning - Toh coal ek natural fuel hai, jo purane jeevon (plants) ke dabe rehne se banta hai.
Yeh bana hota hai:
• Carbon (sabse zyada)
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
• Sulphur
Coal ka use kis-kis kaam mein hota hai?
• Bijli banane mein – Sabse zyada coal power plants mein use hota hai taaki electricity ban
sake.
• Ghar ke chulhe mein (pehle ke time mein) – Roti, sabzi banane ke liye fuel ke roop mein use
hota tha.
• Factory mein – Steel, cement jaise cheezein banane ke liye high temperature chahiye hota
hai, wahan coal fuel ke roop mein use hota hai.
• Rail engine (purane zamane ke steam engine) – Unmein bhi coal jalake steam banayi jaati thi.
• Rang (dyes) aur chemical banane mein – Kuch special cheezein coal se banayi jaati hain,
jaise coal tar, benzene, etc.
2. Thermal Power Plant
Meaning -
Step 1:
Coal, diesel, natural gas ya furnace oil ko ek bade boiler mein jalaya jaata hai.
Step 2:
Boiler mein paani bhara hota hai. Jab Coal, diesel, natural gas etc. jalta hai, toh bahut heat
nikalti hai.
Heat bhara paani ko garam karti hai jisse paani ubal jaata hai aur bhaap (steam) ban jaati hai.
Step 3:
Bani hue steam se, turbine ghumne lagta hai.
Step 4:
Turbine ke ghumne se generator be ghumne lagta hai ,jo turbine se juda hua hai pir generator
ke ghumne se bijli (electricity) banne lagati hai.
Step 5:
Jo steam turbine ko ghooma ke nikal gayi,
us bhaap ko ek cooler machine (condenser) mein bheja jaata hai.
Wahan thanda karke phir se paani banaya jaata [Link] paani phir se boiler mein jaata hai →
♻️ Yani system baar-baar chalta rehta hai — paani firse use hota hai.
Isliye ise Thermal Power Plant kehte hain
In Short - Thermal power plant fuel ko jalakar paani se bhaap banata hai, us bhaap se pankha
ghoomata hai, aur us ghoomne se generator bijli banata hai.
Thermal Word Meaning - Thermal ka matlab hota hai heat.
Note : Isliye zyada tar thermal power plant un jagahon ke paas hote hain jahan coal ya oil milta
ho jise kahte hain coal mines ya oil fields
3. Hydro Power Plant
Meaning:
Step 1:
Mountains ya hills ke paas ek bada dam banaya jaata hai.
Dam ke peeche Pahaadi nadi ka paani ikattha (store) kiya jaata hai
Step 2:
Jab humein electricity banani hoti hai, toh dam ka gate khola jaata hai.
Paani bahut tez speed se neeche girta hai.
Step 3:
Neeche girta paani turbine ko ghoomata hai.
Ye Turbine generator se connected hota hai.
Step 4:
Jab turbine ghoomta hai, toh generator bhi ghoomta hai — jisse electricity generate hote hai.
Step 5:
Jo electricity bani, use wires (power lines) ke zariye door-door tak bheja jaata hai — gaon,
school, hospital, factory sab jagah.
Isliye ise Thermal Power Plant kehte hain
In Short - Jab flowing water (bahta paani) se electricity banai jaati hai, toh usse Hydro Power
Plant kehte hain.
Hydro = Water (paani)
Power plant = Bijli banane wala system
Real-Life Examples (India):
● Bhakra Nangal Dam – Punjab
● Tehri Dam – Uttarakhand
● Sardar Sarovar Dam – Gujarat
‼️Note :
♻️ Jab paani apna kaam kar leta hai (pankha ghoomata hai),toh use wapas nadi mein chhod
diya jaata hai. Koi waste nahi hota yeh clean energy hai.
4. Bio - Mass
Meaning:
Step 1:
Khet se sukhaye paudhon ke tukde, gobar, lakdi, kachra, etc. collect kiya jaata hai.
Step 2:
Yeh sab biomass ek chhote ya bade bhatte (boiler) mein jalaya jaata hai.
Jalane se heat (garmi) nikalti hai.
Step 3:
Woh heat boiler ke paani ko garam karti hai.
Paani se bhaap banti hai.
Step 4:
Bhaap se ek bada pankha (turbine) ghoomta hai.
Turbine ke sath generator hota hai.
Turbine ghoomta hai → Generator ghoomta hai → bijli ban jaati hai!
Isliye ise Bio - mass kehte hain
In Short : Living organism ke waste material jaise
🥦 Sukhaye huye paudhe ke hissa (leaves, stems)
🌾 Faslon ka kachra (gehu, chawal ka bhusa)
💩 Pashuon ka gobar
🌰 Lakdi, peed ki chhalken
🗑️ Kitchen ka organic waste
Etc. ko jalakar jo garmi milti hai, usse bhaap banti hai, aur bhaap se bijli banayi jaati hai.
‼️Note :
Jalane ke baad jo raakh (ash) bachi, use khaad (fertilizer) ke roop mein use kiya ja sakta hai.
♻️ Yani ye energy eco-friendly hai — prakriti ko nuksaan nahi hota.
5. Charcoal
Meaning -
Step 1:
Pehle dry wood ya plant waste collect kiya jata hai jaise:
Lakdi (wood), coconut shell, sawdust etc.
Note : Zyada carbon content wali lakdi (jaise hardwood) prefer ki jaati hai.
Step 2:
Raw material ko puri tarah sukhaaya jaata hai.
Step 3:
Lakdi ko metal drum ya mitti ke gaddhe (pit) mein daala jata hai
Yeh container airtight hota hai — yaani andar oxygen bahut kam hoti hai
Step 4:
Drum ya pit ke bahar se aag lagayi jati hai
Lakdi jalti nahi, bas garam hoti hai, Kyuki oxygen kam hai, isliye wood burn nahi hoti, sirf andar
se badalti hai
Is heating se lakdi ke andar ke volatile elements nikal jaate hain:
○ Water vapor
○ Methane (CH₄)
○ Carbon monoxide (CO)
○ Tars & oils
Step 5:
Jab volatile components nikal jaate hain, to jo substance bacha wo hota hai charcoal.
Isliye ya issi ko charcoal kehte hain
In short: Charcoal tab banta hai jab lakdi ya biomass ko oxygen ke bina garam karke uske
andar ke gases nikaal diye jaate hain — aur bacha hua ko he charcoal kaha jata hai.
Charcoal Forms:
● Lump charcoal – directly lakdi ka residue
● Briquettes – powdered charcoal + binders
● Activated charcoal – processed charcoal with high surface area
Note :
Charcoal ko airtight chamber mein thanda hone diya jaata hai, taaki oxygen lagte hi jal na jaaye.
Uske baad isse collect karte hain aur shape/form ke hisaab se store karte hain.
6. Bio - Gas
Meaning-
Step 1 :
– Gobar (cow dung)
– Kitchen ka organic waste (sabzi ke chilke, leftover food)
– Human waste (toilet waste)
– Aur bhi sab kuch jo sad sakta hai
collect kiya jaata [Link] aur paani ko mix karke ek liquid paste banaya jaata hai, jise slurry
kehte hain.
Ye slurry ko biogas plant ke andar ek tank mein daala jaata hai, Is tank ko bolte hain digester
Step 2 :
Ye tank airtight hote hai (matlab oxygen nahi hoti)
Jab gobar aur kitchen waste ko daala gaya, to Anaerobic bacteria (oxygen ke bina jeene wale)
gobar aur waste ko sadate hain.
Step 3 :
Jab wo isse sadate hain, toh is process mein ek gas nikalti hai jisse Methane gas kehte hai.
Ye gas hoti hai jalne wali gas 🔥
Step 4 :
Jab gas nikalti hai, to usse storage dome ya gas chamber mein collect kiya jaata hai, wahi gas
pipe ke through chulhe tak pir bhej di jaati hai.
Isliye ya issi ko bio - gas kehte hain
In Short : Jab bacteria gobar aur waste ko sadate hain, toh gas banti hai jise hum biogas kehte
hain –
Uses- Bio- gas can be used in various way :
Cooking
Lighting
Fertilizer
Note :
Jo liquid form mein waste bacha, use kheton mein daal diya gaya ,usse soil healthy ho gayi
fertilizer ki zarurat nahi padi.
Note :
Bio - gas : fuel ka naam hai
Bio - gas plant : Jaha pe biogas fuel banta hai, us jagah ko hi 'biogas plant' kehte hain.
7. Wind Energy
Meaning -
Step 1:
Hawa jab tez chalti hai
Step 2:
Toh isse turbine ke blades hawa se ghoomne lagti hain.
Step 3:
Blades ke saath ek shaft hoti hai, wo bhi ghoomti hai.
Step 4:
Shaft ek generator se connected hota hai, jab shaft ghoomta hai, to generator bhi rotate karta
hai jisse bijli banti hai.
Step 5:
Jo electricity banti hai, wo wire se gharon tak pahuchti hai.
Isliye ya issi ko wind energy kehte hain
In short - Hawa(wind) ka use kar ke electricity banai jaate hai.
Difference Between Wind mill and Wind farm
Ek wind mill → "wind mill" hoti hai
Kai wind mills saath mein → "wind energy farm" kehlaata hai also known as a wind power plant,
🏭 →Wind mil
🏭🏭🏭🏭🏭🏭🏭 → Wind energy farm
2. Non - Conventional Source of Energy
🧪
Meaning -
Activity Title: Solar Cooker / Solar Heating Experiment
Materials Needed:
● 1 empty shoe box ya cardboard box
● Aluminium foil (shiney side)
● Black paper (ya black cloth)
● Plastic wrap (ya transparent polythene)
● Tape / glue
● Thermometer (optional)
● Sunlight (midday)
How to Do It :
Step 1:
Box ke andar wali surface ko black paper se cover kar do (heat absorb karne ke liye).
Step 2:
Box ke lid (dhakkan) ke andar wali side mein aluminium foil chipkao – shiney side bahar rakkho.
Ye sunlight ko reflect karke andar bhejega.
Step 3:
Box ke upar ek plastic wrap laga do taaki heat andar hi rahe (like a mini greenhouse).
Step 4:
Ab box ko direct sunlight mein 15–30 mins ke liye rakho. Agar thermometer hai, toh temperature
measure karo.
Nahi toh aap ek chhoti chocolate ya butter piece bhi rakh sakte ho dekhne ke liye melt hota hai
ya nahi.
🔬 Observation / Result:
● Aap dekhenge ki box ke andar ka temperature badh raha hai
● Chocolate ya butter melt hoga
🔍 Activity se yeh dekha gaya ki:
Jab tum ek cheez ko sunlight se pighlate ho (jaise chocolate ya ice),
Tab bhi sunlight wahan hoti hai aur tum dusri cheez ko bhi garam kar sakte ho.
Iska matlab solar energy ko bar-bar use kiya ja sakta hai, aur kabhi khatam nahi hoti.
Isliye ya issi ko non - conventional source of energy kehte hain
In short : Non-conventional energy matlab wo energy jo nature se baar-baar milti hai, kabhi
khatam nahi hoti, jaise: Suraj, Hawa, Paani, Gobar, Samundar ki lehron se milne wali bijli.
Difference between Renewable and Non - Renewable
> Renewable energy (sunlight, wind, water)
baar-baar use hone par bhi khatam nahi hoti.
> Lekin non-renewable sources (coal, candle, matchstick)
ek baar use hone ke baad finish ho jaate hain
Example:
1. Solar Energy
2. Energy from Sea
3. Geothermal Energy
4. Nuclear Energy
1. Solar Energy
Meaning-
Solar energy wo energy hai jo Suraj (Sun) se milti hai.
Solar Constant -
Jab Suraj ki roshni seedhe prithvi ke kisi 1 m² area par 1 second mein jitne energy girti hai,us
energy ki amount ko solar constant kehte hain.
Simple definition:
Solar constant = 1 m² area mein 1 second mein milne wali solar energy
Solar Energy Devices-
Aise devices jo Suraj ki energy jise solar radiation kehte hai uska use karke kaam karte
hain,unhe solar energy devices kehte hai.
Kam? Heat , electricity ya dusre mein badalte hain.
Examples of Solar Energy Devices:
Device Name Kaam (Use)
🔆 Solar Cooker Suraj ki garmi se khana pakata hai
☀️ Solar Panel Suraj ki roshni ko electricity mein badalta hai
🔋 Solar Cell Chhoti chhoti cells jo battery mein lagti hain
(jaise solar calculator)
2. Sea Energy
Sea se humein 3 main tarike se energy milti hai:
Tidal Energy
Waves Energy
Ocean Thermal Energy
Tidal Energy
Meaning-
Materials Needed:
1. Ek bada bartan (jaise tub ya steel ka bada bowl)
2. Paani
3. Ek chhota turbine (aap toy fan blade ya paper pinwheel se bana sakte ho)
4. Ek generator (agar available ho, jaise toy motor)
Step 1:
Bartan ko aadha paani se bhar dijiye.
Ye samundar ka role karega.
Step 2:
Turbine ko bartan ke ek side mein is tarah rakhiye
⚙️
ki jab paani us par jaaye to wo ghoom sake.
( Aap pinwheel ko ek pencil ke sahare laga sakte ho)
Step 3:
Ab bartan ko ek side se halka sa uthaiye,
fir neeche rakhiye – aise upar–neeche karte rahiye.
Is se paani aage–peeche hilega –bilkul tide ki tarah (high tide – low tide).
Step 4:
Jab paani move karega, to turbine ke blades se takraayega aur turbine ghoomega.
(Optional) Step 5:
Turbine ke ghoomne se pir connected generator se electricity produce hogi.
Isliye ya issi ko tidal Energy kehte hain
In Short: Samundar ke paani ke upar–neeche aane ke movement ka use karke electricity paida
karna is process ko tidal energy kehte hai.
Note - Jab samundar mein tides aata hai toh paani tez flow karta hai
Tides :
High tide: Jab samundar ka paani upar aata hai.
Low tide: Jab samundar ka paani neeche chala jaata hai.
Wave Energy
Meaning-
Step 1 :
Samundar mein hamesha lehrein upar–neeche hilti rehti hain.
Yeh lehrein kabhi tej hoti hain, kabhi halki.
Step 2 :
Coast (kinare) ke paas kuch special machines lagayi jaati hain jo paani ki lehron se hil jaati
hain.
Step 3 :
Jab yeh machine hilegi, to uske andar ek fan (turbine) hota hai jo ghoomega.
Step 4 :
Wo fan ek bijli banane wali machine (generator) se joda hota hai.
Jaise hi fan ghoomta hai, electricity ban jaati hai.
Isliye ya issi ko waves energy kehte hain
In Short : Samundar ki lehron ka use karke bijli banana.
Example :
India mein: Tamil Nadu, Gujarat ke coastal areas mein
World mein: Scotland, Portugal, Australia
Ocean Thermal Energy
Meaning -
Materials Needed:
1. Ek bowl ya patili (deep vessel)
2. Garam paani (thoda garam, jale nahi)
3. Thanda paani (fridge ya normal tap ka)
4. 1 Plastic pipe (straw)
5. 1 Paper fan (chhoti pankhdi bana lo kagaz se)
6. Tape
Step 1:
Ek plastic bottle lijiye. Usme thoda thanda paani daaliye.
Phir dhakkan band kar dijiye.
Step 2:
Us bottle ko ek patili ya bade bowl ke beech mein rakhiye,
jisme garam paani ho.
(Jaise samundar ka upar wala paani garam hota hai, waise.)
Step 3:
Bottle ke dhakkan mein chhota hole (suraakh) karke
ek plastic straw lagaiye —
aur straw ke saamne ek chhota paper fan chipka dijiye.
(Straw tight fit hona chahiye)
Step 4:
Thodi der mein garam paani se bottle ke andar pressure badhne lagega
→ Straw ke through halki hawa bahar nikalne lagegi
→ Aur paper fan ghoomna start karega
Isse ye proof hota hai ki garam paani ke aas-paas hone se pressure banta hai jo ek chhoti
machine (fan) ko ghooma sakta hai bilkul Ocean Thermal Energy jaisa.
Isliye ya issi ko Ocean Thermal Energy kehte hain
In short: Sooraj se samundar ka upar ka paani garam hota hai,aur samundar ke andar ka paani
thanda rehta hai.
Garam aur thande paani ke farak (difference) ka use karke hum bijli banate hain.
3. Geothermal Energy
Step1 :
Zameen ke neeche se garam paani ya steam nikalte hain
Step 2 :
Us steam ko turbine tak bhejte hain
Step 3 :
Turbine fan ko ghoomata hai
Step 4 :
Fan se generator jura hota hai, jisse bijli banti hai
Step 5 :
Steam ko thanda karke fir zameen mein daal dete hain
Isliye ya issi ko geothermal energy kehte hain
In short: Zameen ke andar ki garmi ka use karke bijli banana
Note :
Geo = Zameen, Thermal = Garmi
Renewable hoti hai (baar baar use ho sakti hai)
Pollution nahi karti
4. Nuclear Energy
2 Tarike se Nuclear Energy milti hai:
Method Kya hota hai?
1️⃣ Nuclear Fission Jab ek heavy atom (jaise uranium) ka
nucleus tod diya jaata hai – tab energy nikalti
hai
2️⃣ Nuclear Fusion Jab do chhote atoms mil kar ek naya atom
banate hain – tab energy nikalti hai (jaise
suraj mein hota hai)
Power plants mein mostly nuclear fission use hota hai.
Meaning -
Step 1 :
Nuclear fuel (jaise uranium) ko reactor mein rakha jaata hai
Step 2 :
Uska nucleus tod diya jaata hai → energy release hoti hai
Step 3 :
Ye energy paani ko garam karke bhaap banaati hai
Bhaap se turbine ghoomta hai
Turbine → generator → bijli banti hai
Isliye ya issi ko nuclear energy kehte hain
In Short: Atom ke nucleus ko tod kar jo energy milti hai, usse paani garam kar ke bhaap banate
hain,
aur bijli banate hain.