EXPERIMENT 1:Experimental Errors and Uncertainty

Name:And Allaieb Alin ID: 6l015153

Instructor:padad hade
Section:2323 Date:22/20)5
Lab. Partners:

As a simple exercise to learn how to find the direct reading error and how if

propagates,you will be doing the following:

Take a paper of certain size, say A4.

Measure the dimensions of the paper (length and width) using a typical
ruler. Make sure to record the reading error of the ruler which would be the
same for the length and width.

Calculate the circunmference, Cof thepaper: C =2(L+ W)

Calculate the error in C using the Equations 1 and 3.

Calculate the area, A of the paper: A =LX w

Calculate the error in A using the Equation
2.
Repeat these stepsfor anotherpaper type, callit paper X.

Uncertainty in length, AL =..0.5 cUncertainty in width AW= 0..9.5..t

Length,L Width, W Circumference, AC Area, A AA

(cm) (cm) C (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm)
Paper
A4 29.22Ics
Paper X
|0.5 50.6 oJ14 155.

Show your calculations in the next page

[Link]
 Calculations:

ALo.05 cm
c

W= |0.5 C
cm

ferenee:

SAlE CircetM

C: 2cL+
w)
+}05)
2 (.2
=50.6
w)
DC= 2DcLt
c 1~nd
Using
4c:.JL
-C
Dc:2o.05t

155.
0.14 / cm
o.o5

|. Cm x 1O.5 cn

LA|55.4 14-8 |0-5

[Link]
O.15 EXPERIMENT 2: Graph Plotting

Name:

Instructor:Abuhadec
Section:

Lab. Partners:
323
Alhiadi

Date: 2 / | / 2025

GRAPHING EXERCISE

Youneed to graph the following two sets of data and have them checked by your
instructor.

1. The following data was collected on the position of a car as a function of

time, as detected by a police radar detector:

time (min) position (km)

0.00 2.51

0.67
1.17

1.80
3.33
6.43 (o.75 ,4.5)(3.25 1)
7.58
2.37 8.83 M.-45
3.05
3.59
12.18
12.65 325- o.5 min
4.18 13

a. Make a graph of the above data.

e peed Ci
b. Determine the slope and y-intercept of the above curve. What is the

physical significance of theslope?

The data set given in Table 2 is expected to obey the relation x =at2.
2.
a. Calculate t for each value of tin the table and record it in the table.

1.75 o-o5
5
@[Link] 12
one
 (1.4,1.1) (o,o)

[Link] the relation between x and t,and from your analysis of the graph
find the acceleration a.

Slope
1.-O o.795 a2.S 1.5
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
0.03 0.12 0.27 0.51 0.77 1.14

0.0 |
L.

[Link] relation between the time of swing or period, T,of a pendulum and its

length L is given by

T= 2r where g is a constant

The value of L and T obtained from an experiment are:

L(cm) 24 49 74 105 150

:
T(sec) : 1.02 1.45 1.80 2.07 2.48

g by the following way. Substitute each pair of the values

(a) Determine
above formulato obtain a value for g, then find
for L and T into the

the mean

(6) Determine g from the graph of T2 vs L.

givethe more accurate

(c) Statewhich method youwould consider to

value of g, and why.

9275
.150 =32.6 os
|To4 2103/324/4.205

-
3 91lo/

pe (o,0-
o.0402
909.35/o1.67| 162. Y/

780.15
162.17|

25),/4o 75)

(e)
4

-3. 3-0.12

13
[Link]
 Frperinet 2 Pt eso

26
EXPERIMENT 3: Measurement of Density

Name:Ahme, Altaich ID: M6/O 25953

Instructor:

Section: 2323 Date:

[Link]:

DATA AND ANALYSIS

The uncertainty inall length measurements Ax = 2Eem)

The uncertainty in all mass measurements AM = .5 (g)

Table 1. Cuboid

(cm) Volume Density (P) Ap

Mass (M) a(cm) b (cm) c

() g/cm3 g/cm3
cm3

61|47g |3.18 |[.51> |24.2821.771 O.02l

Calculations:

?}-)+e7ei
Calculate the percentage error
b6 |575

% error = |measuredacceptedvalue
value -accepted valuel X 100%

2ZLZA22...o.66247.
2.
[Link] 17
 85
31.
Table 2. Cylinder

Mass (M) L(cm) d (cm) Volume Density ((p) Ap

(V) g/cms g/cm3
cm3

3.1252 10, 3.8 o.o55

Calculations:

- .g x
3.185 2

Calculate the percentage error

9.46
Table 3. Sphere

Mass (M)
(cm)
Volume (V) Density (p) Ap
cm3 g/cm3 g/cm3

3 2 ,138 7.64

Calculations:

7.44.{(9) (n)
Calculate the percentage error

X [o6 = 2.62 %
7. 95
[Link] 18
 EXPERIMENT 4: VECTORS USING THE FORCE
TABLE
Name: ID: 4A 25953

Instructor. _AbdJbedea
Section: 323 Date:

Lab. Partners:
BRe

DATA AND ANALYSIS

Part 1. COMPONENTS OFAFORCE VECTOR.

Table-1: Summary of the Data in Part-1, the components of the force vector
F= 200g a
400 X-component (Mass at 0o) y-component (Mass at 90°)

Experimental
I50 |30
Computational }33.2 |23-6
% error 2.09

1. Show your calculation for the computational x- and y-components here

fc
Calculation:

2.
x10-15-róo-uta
152. 2

Compare your computationalresult with

calculating the percent error (%error)
t-

your experimental
as follow:
llo -12lG
l2e.6

result by

% error = measured value -accepted value

X 100%
accepted value

Use the computed (components) values as your accepted

values Show a sample of the calculations here:

[Link] 24
 Crror of
|150.2 15?.2|
153.2
O004 Y
128.6
PART 2. ADDITION OF TWO VECTORS.

ExperimentalMethod

Table-2: Summary of the Results to part-2, Addition of two vectors

Resultant (Magnitudeand Direction)

Forces
Experimental Method Graphical Method Component Method
PO
,
F= 292-3
FH=200g, 0, =30° F= 240 F=

e=75
=200g, =120°
Fz

F- F= 3o4
E =200g 6, =20°
, 30

=150g, 0, =80° '5

8- 60
Fz
F= 250
F= 250
F = 20g,0, =00
0= 35 @ 37 3447
Fz = 150g,0, =90°
you obtain the equilibrant
[Link] graph (a piece of quadrille paper) where
Make sure to labeland include
vector using the graphical method.
vector on your graph and the
direction/magnitudelabels and values of each given
Scale used. Record your results in (Table-2)
under Graphicai Method.
notation, add them up and
[Link] each given vector in component
result, express the resultant
calculate the resultant vector. From your
results in (Table-2)under
vector in magnitude and direction. Record your

Component Method.
two forces in the space below:
Show a sample of your calculation for the first

Calculation:

25
[Link]
 between the graphical and the componen
3. Calculate the percent error (%error)

method. Calculate also the percent error between the experimentaland the
component method. Make sure to do this for both magnitude and direction

separately. Use the Component methodresults as the accepted value.

Record your results in (Table-2)

Ry-2.2
200 x cos 30 73,2

xsin 30- 100

200
- tre( - 75

= lo0 X f4h)20 : |73.2

Cos 2o kye 2lb

-tx = 2 oo

-
hxf50
150
cos &o, =

n fo -
26
|47.7 -t(\
Rr2o
- 5.3+190
225.3

[Link] 26
Leto, asiry +le Jovee te

K6oiCil

1
 EXPERIMENT 5: THE COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION

Name: phae _ID:4hlO5 53

Instructor:.Ahdedbedem

Section: 222 Date:

[Link]:

DATA AND ANALYSIS

Part 1. Static Friction ood block

Data for computing the coefficient of static friction for Block #1.
Block#1 Table 1:

0,(degrees)
Block #1 5
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial Average

Block without

weight
24° 20 24° 23 25 232 .24

21° 2 3-2o. 2?
Block +250g 25° 23° 230
62
Block +500g 26 23 21 24 27 24. B

average value to calculate the

Calculate the average angle 6,. Then use this
1.

Coefficient of static friction

by using u =
tan 6,. Record your data on
Table-1 above.

2.
+
Show sample calculation here:

Find the
23.2 -0, 2
average value obtained forthe coefficient
of static friction u.

Average s

31
[Link]
 Block #2 cotton Bhocde

of static friction for Block #2.

Table 2: Data for computing the coefficient
0,(degrees)
Block #2 5
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial Average

Block without
2° 20' \e 20.2 o.374
weight

Block +250g 20° 17°1H° ?4 0.333

Block +500g

1. Calculate the average angle,.Then use this averagevalue to calculate fhe

coefficient of static friction by using u. =
tan ..Record Vour data on Table-2 abOve.

[Link] the average value obtained for the coefficient of static friction us

Average H =0 3?2
Part 2. Kinetic Friction
Block #1 wood Block

Data for computingthe coefficient of kinetic friction for Block #1.

Table 3:

6,(degrees)
Block ##1
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 Average
Block without

weight |6° )6.2 0.2

Block +250g 12°|7 7.2 O.304

Block +500g 12.6o317

[Link] the average angle Then use this average value to calculate the
coefficient of static friction by using =
tan 6x. Record your data on Table-3 above.

2. Find the average value obtained for the coefficient of kinetic friction u

Average u = Q395

[Link] 32
 co tton Bbe
Block #2
Table 4: Data forcomputing the coefficient of kinetic friction for Block #2.

On(degrees)
Block#2 5
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial Average

Block without
0.230
weight I6°6
o.215
Block +250g 13.3

Block +500g 12' 12.2o.216

value to calculate the

[Link] the average angle k Then use this average above.
Coefficient of static friction by
using u, =
tan ,.Record your data on Table-3
u
for the coefficient of kinetic friction
2. Find the average value obtained

Average uy =9 241
and u,for Block #1 and 2. Do your data
> Compare the values of u

confirm the expectation that H < n?

wood cobton

QUESTIONS
weighton the block?If not,
Is u, more or less constant as you increase the
1.

doesthere appear s
to be a trend (.e. increasing r decreasing
with increasing

weight)?

of a wooden square ice cube on one of the

block, you place a
2. Suppose instead
the angle of repose,and hence the
metal inclined [Link] you expect
of friction to be larger, or smaller
than the coefficient of friction due
Coefficient

to a wooden block? Why?

33
[Link]
EXPERIMENT 6:MEASUREMENT OF g BY FREE FALL
EXPERIMENT
Name: Aane lnldh Madn ID: 02AA5
Instructor. Abddade Alliali

Section: 4)4 Date:

Lab, Partners:

DATA AND ANALYSIS

Summary of the free fall experimental data (Ball #1) 3.4

Table-1:
.5-
t (s)
h (m) t?(s²) g (m/s)
Trial-1 Trial-2 Trial-3 Average

0.0 | 0.23s |0.27| 022 |.2.079 10.255

5 0.316:0.313 06 |0.75, 0.041) | 10.10s

0.6 0.310.35s0-3Y& 0.34,|0-12)

0.378so
373O373;.42 .8
0, ®.38
o.407, o.Yo8 M05 0YO5 \o.l6 2

0, | O,13 0.4 0 |04 1s |0.1e

of gfor each height using the Equation-1,
g = 2h/t and
1. Calculate the value
column of your data table.
record it in the appropriate
Show a sample calculation here:

2. Calculate the average value ofg

Nigga

Aveage acceleration g =...3a. .

of 9.8 m/s² by calculating the
Compare your result with the accepted value
percent error (% error).
37
[Link]
 05) 55)
o.
l25,
(o.
Co.1975,0.1) value -accepted value

65) % error =|measuredaccepted value

X 100%

/O. % error =
l3125
(o [Link] a graph of height 2 versus h. Draw the best straight line fit of the data.
and determine the acceleration due to gravity from the slope. With h on the x-axis
and on the y-axis, the slope is 2/g.
Show your calculation of the slope on the graph.

Slope =..nt4..

Ball#2

Table-2: Summary of the free fall experimental data (Ball #2)

t (s)
h (m) t'(s) g (m/s)
Trial-1 Trial-2 Trial-3 Average

0.4 0,231 0.230.2S b.23 .0& |

oo.36O.3|65 O.314so.37

7
O60.351s 0.38O-392|0.349 0.)2
|0.776 033| 0.3 10.37 |0.14 4-7
0
[Link]
Mo|0.Y2
|0-426s |0.
the average value
27 ||
of g.
0-42<
[Link].17
0-27|1g
A,/

Compare your result with the accepted

value of 9.8 m/s2 by calculating the percenterror (%error).

Average g

% error =

[Link] 38
him)

1
O.00125
EXPERIMENT 7:HOOK'S LAW

Name:
Aha) ch hn D dilal 5as
Instructor:. Abddhalean Mhindi
Section: 2322 Date:

Lab. Partners:

DATA AND ANALYSIS

Part 1: The Static Method

versus applied force
Table-1: Summary of the Data for the displacement of the spring

.M...
Actual meter Displacement
Mass Force=Weight
stick reading (m)

M(kg) F =Mg (N) V:(m) Ay = y:- Yo

0.050
0,4 0.045
a.070 , 195

O-232 O.165 O05

9.023 O.l05
l274 O205
I.47 O225
o.24 5 o-165

a functionof its displacement Ay.

[Link] the appliedforce F to the spring as
axis (x-axis) and the applied force
on
Plot the displacement Ay onthe horizontal
straight line fit of the data.
the verticalaxis (y- axis). Draw the best
of the straight line (slope =k).Calculate
[Link] constant kwill be the slope
k from the slope. d.o75-o.425 -0
o.lo5 -
O.09
43
[Link]
TJ
Part 2:DynamicMethod

Table-1: Summary of the Data for the period of the spring versus the mass
Total mass Total time of 30 Period
Period
|hanger+added mass oscillations squared
M (kg) t(s) T(S) T(s")
0.050
I4.25 O.225
.07 294
9 360

0.652 0.25
D.13 2(>36 .712 0.506
23.25 0 -775 o.6
0.663
0.1 ,814

1Plot T² (y-axis) vs. M (X-axis).Draw the best line fit of the data. The slope is
equal to 4n/[Link] the spring constantkfrom your value of the slope.

k= 4n2/slope

Show your calculations here

- o.35
Slope: O.625
o-16- O.05

ka=...ug.
2. Recall your value for the spring constant found in Part-lusing Hooke's Law
(callthis ki). Compare it with the value found in this part (call this k).

k- kal
% Difference k
X 100%

Compute the percent difference in these values.

% Difference =....Z.3.

.9 o.35)
d25)
/o.
(o.o85,
.16
44
iu:[Link]
 Fxferpa 7: ue /od

20

10
23

1
 EXPERIMENT 8: SIMPLE PENDULUM

Name: od Allaitee Bzin I:4blo Gg55

Instructor:Abdahadana
Section: Date: 5 /2207
Lab. Paners:

DATA AND ANALYSIS stel bób

Tablel: Summary of the data for simplependulum

L (m) t (s) T (S) T°(s?) g (m/s?)

|-12s .251d 9.441

12.78 |.2 78 I.6332 9.61
1.436 2.062 ) 4.5728
O.6 m 15.37 153| 2.3623 |0.027
L662 2-762 10.00
17.63 1.763 3.102 |o.l612

1. Calculate g
the value of for each length and record it in the appropriate
column of your data table using: TC
4T1 L
T2

4-
Show a sample calculation

-.0-3 - 10.162
3.102
here:

2. Calculate the average value of g

|[Link] 48
 2-75)

(o.7,
Average g =.. 1..225.44p.. (o.6,2.375)

the accepted value of 9.8 m/s² by calculating the

Compare your result with

percentage error (%error).

% error = |measured value -accepted

value|
X 100%
value accepted

% error =.....2.2......
agraph of height T versus L Draw thebest straight line fit ofthe data.
3. Plot

due to gravity from the slope. With Lon the x-axis

Determine the acceleration
412

and T on the y-axis, the slope is

with the
on the graph. Compare your
result
Show your calculations of the slope
calculating thepercent error
(%erro).
accepted value of 9.8 m/s2 by
2.75
waooo.o
2.3 75
3.755
Slope =

7
%error
Slope 3S
...I.52....
Q...5.2

|00 7. 4197.
o-0
see below how to calculate g from the graph.

T472
=
2
slope

25

-
41

0. (slope)

C,

40
©[Link]
Ball #2 Alaninar bo
(Ball #2)
for simple pendulum 2.R-I0.
Table2: Summary of the data
T'(s?)
g (m/s²)
t (s)
T (s)
L(m)

1.07? ).1620
D.3 |0.78
4.564
1.B51
O.4 J2.58 |.252
4.820
|4.)8 2.010
0.5
2.55 0 1.289
15.97 |1.59 9.962
I.67Y 2:802
16.
3.134
|772 |.772
and in the appropriate
5/Calculate the value
of g for each length record it

column of your data table using:

472 L
T2

Compare your result with the accepted value of

6/Calculate the averagevalue g.

9.8 m/s2 by calculating the percent error (%error).

Average g =...3OZ
% error =
X\00 = 0.07%.

[Link] 50
 lendaleA
2
20
EXPERIMENT 9: NEWTON'S SECOND LAW
Name:arsad lajd ID:

Instructor:_hade
Section:222 Date:

Lab. Partners:

DATA AND ANALYSIS

Part 1. Acceleration vs. Force (constantmass)

TABLE-1: Acceleration Force
vs.

Mass of the cart, M

Mass of the Calculated

hanger+ added net Experimental Acceleration

mass external
force

a (m/s)
m (kg) F (N)
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
0.050 0.414 0.23
0.44 O.4170-4196
0.07
0.04
0.6?6

9.8?2
0. 592
0.76o

0-331o.934
9.5§75

74| 0.77
0.446
|
o.5 45 0. 5 34
0.7556 |0.76
0.93 66
). 2 74 1.053| 1.069.0376 .04

.
0.13 0-45
0.15 1.47 |.2|1 | 2 24 217 .2 2o6 .22
0.17 666 l-306|1-375 1.[1 |1-364 ).36
1. Calculate the external force acting on the cart, which is the total weight of
the hanger F =W= mg. Record these TABLE-1.
2. Calculate the average acceleration of the tree Trials and record this in TABLE-2.

3. Plot the average acceleration (a) versus the external force (F). With (F)on
the y-axis and (a) on the X-axis. Draw the best straight line fit of the data. From
the slope calculate the mass of the empty cart.

[Link] 54
 (o.6,o. 7) - (1.25, I.5)

Divide nominatorand
a=g \m+ a =mg 1
M. denominatorby M: m M
\MM/
m
M+ Consider m/M negligible compared fo1: ag m
a.M

Thus F=Ma slope ==W F

slope
F2 -F
A.5 -o.7
F-F ...
Slope ...ee.......*o*....se*e.*o.

az-a1
|L25 -0.6
Mass of thecart (M) =.2.3..n.5 0.73
g

QUESTIONS:
1) Derivethe equationgiven in part 2.

m
ag(mM

2)What does the theoretical formulapredict for the acceleration in the limit

as M0? Justify why this result is sensible.

3) What does the theoretical formulapredict for the acceleration in the limit as
m0? Justify why this result is sensible.

[Link] 55
15

10

10
24
15