Simple – Complex - Compound

Introduction

Changing Sentence g~jZ `yB ai‡bi| Structure ev MVb Abyhvqx ej‡Z †evSvq Simple-complex-compound iæcvšÍi|
Simple: †h ev‡K¨ GKwU gvÎ Subject I GKwUgvÎ Finite Verb _v‡K (Non-finite _vK‡ZI cv‡i bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i) Zv‡K
Simple Sentence e‡j|
Simple G Clause……1 wU|
Clause Marker ……..0 wU|
Complex: †h ev‡K¨ `ywU Subject I `ywU Finite Verb _v‡K (Non-finite _vK‡ZI cv‡i bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i) Zv‡K Complex
Sentence e‡j|
Complex G Clause……2 wU|
Clause Marker ……..1 wU|
Compound: †h ev‡K¨ `ywU Subject I `ywU Finite Verb _v‡K (Non-finite _vK‡ZI cv‡i bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i) Zv‡K Compound
Sentence e‡j|
Compound G Clause……2 wU|
Clause Marker ……..1 wU|
PviwU welq Avgv‡`i ARvbv i‡q‡Q| Finite verb, Non-Finite verb, Clause, Clause Marker. welq¸‡jv †R‡b †bIqv `iKvi|
Finite Verb: eB‡qi fvlvi msÁv †ewk RwUj K‡i †`Iqv| wKš‘ Avwg me‡P‡q mnR Dcv‡q welqUv eywS‡q w`w”Q|
†mvRv K_v Tense wPb‡jB Finite
Avi Tense bv wPb‡j Non-Finite
D`vni‡Yi gva¨‡g welq¸‡jv ¯úó n‡e|
I wish him being a doctor
 
Finite Non Finite
Wish GKwU Finite Verb. I (sub)+ wish (Main. V)+him (obj)
evK¨wU Present Ind. Tense Gi wbq‡gi mv‡_ wg‡j hvq| GUv †evSv gvÎB wm×všÍ †bqv †Mj †h Dnv Finite Verb.
Ab¨w`‡K GKwU Being GKwU No finite verb. KviY GwU †`‡L †evSvi †Kv‡bv Dcvq †bB Zv †Kvb Tense. Avevi being Gi c~‡e©
†Kv‡bv auxiliary verb I †bB| myZivs GwU m¤ú~Y©fv‡e hvPvB‡qi A‡hvM¨|
Reaching home, I found nobody
 
Non-Finite Finite
He brings a broken glass
 
Finite Non Finite

Non Finite Verb 3 ai‡bi nq|

Verb + ing
No(aux) −  TO + V1
 V3
Clause, Clause Marker & Phrase
Clause: GKvwaK word Gi mgwó †hLv‡b Kgc‡ÿ 1wU sub I 1wU F.V _v‡K| Non FV _vK‡ZI cv‡i bv I _vK‡Z cv‡i|
Clause Marker: GKvwaK clause †K hy³ Ki‡Z †h word e¨eüZ nq| †hgb: but, and, or, though, as……..
g‡b ivLv Ave¨kK: hZ¸‡jv clause marker Zvi ‡_‡K 1wU K‡i †ewk clause.
Clause Marker ……0 wU n‡j, Clause …… (0+1) = 1wU
Clause Marker ……1 wU n‡j, Clause …… (1+1) = 2wU
Clause Marker ……2 wU n‡j, Clause …… (2+1) = 3wU
Phrase: GKvwaK word Gi mgwó †hLv‡b †Kv‡bv sub I FV _vK‡ebv|
Walking on the street, I was singing
 
Phrase Clause

Q‡Ki WORD

SIMPLE COMPLEX COMPOUND

At the time of/ During/ V+ing When/ While And
Due to/ Because of Since/ As/ Because And
In spite of / Despite Though/ Although But
By (+ve) If (+ ve) And
Without (−ve) Unless (− ve) Or
to + V1 So that + Sub+ Can/ Could + V1 And (Purpose D‡Ï‡k¨)
So….that + Sub+ Can /Could
Too ….. to And
(not) + V1
It is/ was + time / place + when/
Time / Place It is/ wan + time/ place + and
where

Q‡Ki WORD PRACTICE

1. At the time of its being daylight, I was half done.

= When it was daylight, I was half done.
= It was daylight and I was half done.
2. Due to the boy's working hard, he shone in life.
= Since the boy worked hard, he shone in life.
= The boy worked hard and he shone in life.
3. In spite of having knowledge, MR Shorif was not selected
= Though MR Shorif has knowledge, he was not selected.
= MR Shorif has knowledge but he was not selected.
4. By working hard, you could be able to shine in life.
= If you worked hard, you could be able to shine in life.
= Work hard and you could be able to shine in life.
5. Without working hard, you can't be able to shine in life.
= Unless you work hard, you can't be able to shine in life.
= Work hard or you can't be able to shine in life.
6. We read to learn.
= We read so that we can learn.
= We read and we can learn.
7. We cad in order to learning.
= We read in older that we can learn.
= We read and we can learn.
8. They walked too slowly to catch the bus.
= They walked so that they could catch the bus.
= They walked and they could catch the bus.
 Subject Gi 3wU Form:
Sub Obj Poss Sub Obj Poss
I me my we us our
you you your They Them Their
He Him His She Her Her
It It Its Robi Robi Robi’s

Complex − Simple
cÖ_‡g †`L‡ev Clause Marker
Change Ki‡ev Clause Marker †_‡K
Clause Marker D‡V hv‡e| D‡V wM‡q Simple Gi †Kv‡bv Word _vK‡j em‡e/ bv _vK‡j em‡e bv|

Gici †`L‡ev Subject

Subject GK n‡j D‡V hv‡e|
Avjv`v n‡j Possessive

Gici †`L‡ev FV
FV †K NFV Ki‡ev|
Modals +v1/Main verb ……. V+ ing
“be” verb …….. “being”
Aux+ v + ing …….. v + ing
Have/ has/ had ……. having

Complex to Simple Exercise

• Wherever you go, I shall follow you
• He confessed the crime he had committed
• Tell me what the truth is
• Since she was sharp, she made a good result
• I was saved since I had shown a true love
• Though he was learned, he did not get a job
• The boy was so foolish that he couldn't overcome
• He woke up when it was raining
• They saw the drunken porter who was lying on the floor
• I have not money that I can spare
• The man who is reported is a spy
• If you eat a balanced diet, you can remain safe
• If you don't write much, you can't write well
• When the boy saw the snake, he killed it
• When a teacher is absent, students make a noise
• I know what his intention is
• I told him that he should be brief
• As the writer was poor; he couldn't visit Sheraton
• As soon as he went there, he received the news
• The boy confessed that he was guilty
• We eat so that we may live
• A friend who is true stands by his friend in time of need
• I am the last man who will go there
• When the sun has set, we reached home

Simple − Complex
Simple †_‡K Complex Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ_‡g †`L‡ev:
Q‡Ki word
Simple Gi Q‡Ki word †c‡j Complex G ewm‡q w`e|
Zvici sub emv‡ev|
Zvici FV emv‡ev|
bv †c‡j
Noun/ Pronoun + (v + ing) + ⎯⎯.
⎯⎯ Noun/ Pronoun who/ which + FV
bv †c‡j
Noun/ Pronoun + V3 + ⎯⎯.
⎯⎯ Noun/ Pronoun who/ which + “be” + V3
bv †c‡j
⎯⎯ Adj + Noun
⎯⎯ Noun + who / which + “be” + Adj

bv †c‡j
It is/ it was + sub + who / which + FV + ⎯⎯

Simple to Complex Exercise

• We read to learn
• In spite of his working hard, he could not reach to his goal
• Going to my brother, I informed him the matter
• I am sorry to hear of his failure
• The question was too tough to answer for the students
• A dishonest boy suffers in the long run
• Bangladesh needs honest administrators
• I saw a bird flying in the sky
• The cuckoo sings in the spring
• Twenty years ago, I was living is Paris
• Students desiring to go abroad are to complete IELTS
• She hoped to win the first prize
• Health is wealth
• Unity is strength
• Tell me the truth
• Running fast, the boy got the first prize
• I am sure passing the exam with credit
• The man swimming in the pond has stolen my watch
• Swimming is an exercise
• The sun having set, we reached home.
• Monir was loved by all because of his honesty
• The authoress wanted quirt isolation to do some troublesome writing
• The accident took place in the evening
• Kazi Nazrul was died in 1972
• An industrious boy can shine in life

Compound − Simple
m~Î: S + FV1+ (and/but/or) + S + FV2
cÖ_‡g †`L‡ev Subject
Change Ki‡ev Subject †_‡K

Subject GK n‡j D‡V hv‡e|

Avjv`v n‡j Possessive

Gici †`L‡ev FV
FV †K NFV Ki‡ev|

(and/but/or) Gi cwie‡Z© (,) emv‡ev|

Kgvi ci H sentence Gi (c‡ii clause) subject emv‡ev + ⎯⎯

but _vK‡ j....... in spite of 
Or _vK‡ j ....... without em‡ e 
N.B: (sub Gi Av‡ M )

Compound to Simple Exercise

• The girl finished her cry and attended to her class
• Shorif was honest and could not take the money
• He was rich but dishonest
• Work hard and you will prosper
• He is a thief and we suspect it
• Speak the truth and I will pardon you
• Do or die
• Nazrul was a great poet and was a great thinker also
• The sun was hot and the wind dropped
• Read hard or you will not pass
• We must give up smoking or we will suffer
• I was ill and I couldn't attend the meeting
• Father was ill and he couldn't go to office

Complex − Compound

ïay Clause Marker Gi cwieZ©b n‡e| (and, but, or)

But= inspite of/ Despite
Or= Unless
And= evwK me †ÿ‡Î
g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, Complex – Compound G Clause Marker ‡Kej gvSLv‡bB em‡e|

Complex to Compound Exercise (**)

• If you take physical exercise, you will be healthy
• As he did some great, he was rewarded
• Unless you work hard, you will fail
• You will be finished unless you do it She speaks so fast that she can't be understood
• Everybody knows that the earth moves round to the sun
• While we were learning our lesson, the head teacher entered
• When I went there, I found him
• I left for home as soon as I heard the news
• The reply that he gave was not true
• Though he has many friends, he seems to be lonely

Simple − Compound

Simple to Complex
Then
Complex to Compound
=
Simple to Compound

Simple to compound Exercise (**)

• He worked hard to prosper
• We eat to live
• In spite of his poverty, he is honest
• His polite behavior charmed us all
• He couldn't join the picnic for his illness
• Closing door, I went back to sleep
• We helped the poor man .
• We helped the man
• He was pardoned for his underage I am aware of my faults
• I know your mistake Because of his merit, he was awarded the first prize
• The lunch being over, we left the hotel
• There was a grassy land
• Instead of obeying, he tumbled down on the couch

Simple Complex Compound (2009 − 2013)

1. We use mobile phones to make essential communications (Complex)
2. He works day and night to earn livelihood (Complex).
4. He is superior to all because of his Intellect (Complex).
5. Though he has intellect and consclence, he has lagged behind (Simple).
6. We should read books to gain knowledge (Complex).
7. If we read books, we can enrich our mind (Simple).
8. We have to work hard to earn money or to acquire knowledge (Complex),
9. Those who are Idle always lap, behind (Simple).
10. The postman is a very familiar figure (Complex).
11. Everyday we see him when he goes In a khaki dress (Simple).
12. Though he Is a low paid employee, his responsibility is great (Compound).
[Link] cricket Is a costly game, people of all classes enjoy playing It (Simple).
[Link] Is a test playing country but Its standard Is not high (Complex).
15. People. In general, are fond of glittering things (complex).
16. Gold Is a metal which Is very precious (simple)
17. But there are some other metals looking like gold (compound).
18. They fade soon and lose their beauty (simple).
19. An Industrious boy will shine in life (Complex).
20. None can receive any reward unless he works hard (Simple).
21. When I reached there, ma friend received me cordially (Compound).
22. It is too poor to imagine (Complex).
23. He wants to be a good teacher In future (Complex).
24. He learns his lessons when it Is time to learn (Simple).
25. People who live In the villages are farmers (slate).
26. The farmers work hard to support themselves (complex).
27. Everybody believes that education Is the backbone of a nation (simple).
28. No nation can prosper neglecting education (complex).
29. We fail to enjoy the real progress as corruption devours every good fruit of our efforts (Compound).
30. Honesty is a treat virtue (Make it complex).
31. If you are honest. you will always be trusted (Make it compound).
32. I remember my honorable teachers (Complex).
[Link] should read books to gain knowledge (Complex).
34. If we read books, we can enrich our minds (Simple).
35. When It Is summer, it becomes emaciated (Simple).
36. During the rainy season it assumes a terrible shape (Complex).
37. Tourists from home and abroad visit its shore to enjoy themselves (Complex).
38. But today many of them lead a very miserable life (Complex).
39. If we take proper steps, their condition may improve (Simple).
40. They come here to enjoy themselves (Complex).
41. The farmers work hard to support themselves, (Complex).
42. We need flowers to decorate a place (Complex).
43. As the demand for flowers Is increasing day by day, we should cultivate flowers on commercial basis
(Simple).
44. It is too poor to be Imagined (Complex)
45. Once there was a king named Lear (complex).
46. He had a daughter whom he loved very much (compound).
47. One day she went to countryside and she was accompanied by her friends (simple).
48. She saw a young man playing on his flute (complex).
49. During his life time he spent money lavishly to help the poor (Complex).
50. One night when he was saying his prayer, a thief broke Into his room (simple).
51. There is a large flower garden in front of the school (Complex).
52. A fool was sitting by the side of a village road (Complex),
53. Seeing the strange appearance the fool he asked him about the reason of his action (Compound).
[Link] minister then asked what his occupation was (Simple).
55. At once e decd albatross fell from his neck into the sea and the old ma fell into a deep sleep. (complex)
56. When he work up. It was raining. (Make It simple)