Drug Administration TRIAGE
to sort our patient
to clarify asa sya nga doctor
and the Nursing will not mix to. on contagious
Process
2. CURRENT MEDICATION, SUBSTANCE USE AND
ALLERGIES
nurse should assess client medication regime
reviewing patient current drugs
no medication should be given without first asking about
NURSING PROCESS allergies and reactions to medication
is a systematic approach to providing patient care nurse obtains information about both the allergy and reaction
encompassing assessment, diagnosis , planning it is important to document this clearly in the chart record
a six steps decision making approach
3. PAST MEDICAL HISTORY
may impact the clients current condition and response to
Nursing ahould be patient medication
centered collaborative care
4. PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
relationship with other people
PURPOSE kinsay kuyog sa balay, kinsay partner
to identify a patients problem and provide care
5. HEALTH LITERACY AND EDUCATION
NURSING ASSESSMENT evaluating individuals health literacy and determine the
what data is collected
clients understanding of their disease
vital that client understands both therapeutic effects and
side effects of the drug
1. SUBJECTIVE DATA - provided verbally or 6. PHYSICAL FINDING AND LABORATORY VALUES
communicate by patient, family members, friends nurse should complete a focused assessment as it relate to
2. OBJECTIVE DATA - nurse directly observe patient the medication to be given
— using personal senses: seeing, hearing, smelling and touching lab values should be assessed prior to giving medication
Ex:
physical health assessment 7. WEIGHT AND AGE
lab and diagnostic test should be obtained prior to administering some drugs,
data from physician especially on the pedriatic population and geriatic patients
measurement of vital signs (old people, 75-80 yrs. old)
patients body language accurate weight will assess the nurses in determining if the
dossage is appropriate
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
1. HEALTH INTERVIEW what is the problem
e.g., health interview nurse must analyze all gathered information
patient interaction involves analyzing data, identifying heath
rapport must be established problems
made based on ANALYSIS
2. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
patient health history and general observation PLANNING
provide more accurate diagnosis , DIE how to manage the problem
starts first with the client contact and resumes until the
3. OBSERVATION nurse-patient relationship, ends when client is discharged
depends on the use of five senses (sight, touch, each problem is committed to a clear, measurable goal for
hearing, smell, and taste) to learn information the expected beneficial outcome
about the client who possible, the client, fam and nurse should work
together in the planning process to better understand
DOCUMENTING DATA the desired outcome
once all the into has been collected, data can be goal should be written in a clear format
recorded & sorted
is accessible to the whole health care team and
can be referenced during evaluation
if not documented, then not don/happen
NURSING ASSESSMENT
important to have a thorough assessment to
prevent harm and optimal care [Link] change is realistic
[Link] goal is acceptable to both the patient and nurse
[Link] goal is dependent on the patient
1. PRESENT ILLNESS AND CHIEF COMPLAINT - the nurse
[Link] goal is stated with other health care providers
must understand why client is under their care, medication,
[Link] identifies
diagnosis, and presenting and current symptoms and client
experiencing
NURSING CARE PLAN Verify allergies and reaction.
essential in the phase of goal setting Assess adhere effects.
it gives direction for personalize care
healthcare continuum Teach client about the medication.
Nurse should explain drug names.
Document medication administration.
1. INITIAL PLANNING
done by the nurse who conducts the admission
assessment Document drug first
then dose
some nurse would be the one to create the initial
then route
comprehensive
then frequency
then
2. ON GOING PLANNING
then time
done all the nurses who work with the client occurs
reaction patient response
beginning of the shift
nurse obtain new information and evaluate the clients
response to care, they can individualize the care plan
NURSING EVALUATION
3. DISCHARGE PLANNING did the plan work
process of anticipating and planning for needs after is the patient condition improved
discharge is the patient condition stabilized
discharge planning starts when the patient is admitted is the patient condition worsened
to provide continuity of care
PRINCIPLE OF SAFE DRUG ADMINISTRATION
safety to a fundamental element in the process of
medication administration
assess pain level every hour using the pain scale af 0 to 10 begins with first knowing the client in assessing the
administer hydrocodone 5/325 mg 30 mins prior to physical relevant information
therapy
apply ice packs to the right knee for 20 mins 4 to 6 times
NURSING IMPLEMENTATION OF NURSING
INTERVENTIONS
putting the plan into action
administer of drugs and assess responsibility
before assess right medication
during assess
after assess for any drug reaction
IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
when nurse puts treatment
INTERVENTION should be specific to each patient and
focus on achievable outcomes
1. INDEPENDENT NURSING INTERVENTIONS
a registered nurse can perform independent intervention
as your own
2. DEPENDENT NURSING INTERVENTIONS
IMPLEMENTATION OF NURSING
INTERVENTION
concern for client safety
no goal should be planned without consideration of the
clients safety
assess safety prior to adminestering mediciation (check vital
signs and laboratory values
verify the rights to medication administration.
NURSING RESPONSIBILITY
Drugs And The Body Must always check the ability of a drug to pass into
breast milk when giving a drug to a breastfeeding
mother.
3. METABOLISM
1. PHARMACODYNAMICS Biotransformation
Breakdown of Drugs
The effect of drugs in the body and the mechanisms of
LIVER- Major Organ Involved
their actions.
-metabolizing all drugs
The movement
It could also the site of intestinal epithelium, lungs,
interaction between the chemical components of loving
and kidney.
systems and the foreign chemicals.
The way body deals with a drug. HALF-LIFE
Rate at which 50% of a drug is eliminated from the
MECHANISMS OF ACTION body.
How a medication works in the body
50% by availability
Drug medication of action
refers how drugs affects a specific receptor.
Many drugs bind to specific receptors on the surface 4. EXCRETION
cells. How drugs and its metabolites are removed from the
body.
DRUGS
RENAL EXCRETUM (KIDNEY)
Medication or substances that have a physiological route for many drugs
effect when introduced to the body.
HEPATOBILIARY EXCRETION (LIVER)
Excretion of drugs into bile drains into intestinal
tract.
1. ABSORPTION
First stage of Pharmacokinetics.
Occurs after medication enter the body.
travel from administration. ACCORDING TO AGE:
Take the drugs.
1. NEONATES AND INFANTS
BIOAVAILABILITY immature hepatic enzymes, low GFK and different
body water composition can profoundly affect drug
Presence of drug in the bloodstream after it
disposition.
administered.
dosing must be carefully adapted.
- GFR - Glomerular Filter Rate (KIDNEY)
mouth liver
esophagus gallbladder
2. ELDERLY
stomach vagina
declining renal function, potential hepatic changes.
small intestine
reduced total body water, and higher Fat content can
large intestine
alter drug distribution and elimination .
Polypharmacy - poses further challenges due to
increased drug interaction.
2. DISTRIBUTION
Drug moves from the bloodstream into intestinal and
intracellular fluids of tissues to exit its
pharmacological effect.
organ blood flow
tissues difference
plasma-protein binding
barriers (like the blood-brain barrier and the
placental barrier.)
PLACENTA AND BREAST MILK
drug should given only when benefit clearly outweighs
any risk.
many other drug are secreted into breast milk and
therefore have the potential to affect the neonate.