LECTURE (1)
INTRODUCTION TO
POWER ELECTRONICS
BY: Dr. MOHAMED A. H. HASSAN
1
COURSE OUTLINE
---------------------------------------------------
Course Title: Power Electronics
Code: MTE 222
Level: Bachelor , Ten Semester
Term: February/ June – 2021 /2022
Credit Hours: 2 Cr. Hrs = [ 1 Lect. + 2 tut. + 1 Lab]
Gr.(61) : Saturday – Tuesday (9 am : 10.30 am)
Class Schedule: Gr.(62) : Saturday – Tuesday (10.40 am : 12.10 pm)
Gr.(63) : Saturday – Tuesday (12.20 pm: 1.50 pm)
Course Instructor: Dr . Mohamed Ahmed Hamdy Hassan
1. Rashid, M. H., " Power Electronics, Circuits, Devices and
Applications ", Prentice Hall, Fourth Edition, 2014.
2. Ned Mohan, "Power Electronics , Converters, Applications,
References: and Design" , Mc Graw Hill Pub , Third Edition, 2003.
3. Cyril W. Lander, "Power Electronics " , John Wiley & Sons,
Inc, Third Edition, 1993. 2
COURSE CONTENTS
-----------------------------------------------------
week Topic
Lecture Tutorial Practical
Total
Hours Hours Hours Hours
Introduction To Power
1 1 2 1 4
Electronics
2 Sinusoids and phasors 1 2 1 4
Power semiconductor
3 1 2 1 4
devices
Single Phase Uncontrolled
4 1 2 1 4
Half-Wave Rectifiers
Single Phase Uncontrolled
5 1 2 1 4
full-Wave Rectifiers
Three Phase Uncontrolled
6 1 2 1 4
Rectifiers 3
7 MID -TERM EXAM
8 MID -TERM EXAM
9 Single - Phase Controlled Rectifiers 1 2 1 4
10 Three - Phase Controlled Rectifiers 1 2 1 4
11 DC-DC Converters 1 2 1 4
12 Single - Phase AC-AC Converters 1 2 1 4
13 Three - Phase AC-AC Converters 1 2 1 4
14 Inverters 1 2 1 4
15 FINAL EXAM 48
4
ASSESSMENT TIMING AND GRADING
------------------------------------------------------------------
Assessment Method Timing Grade (Degrees)
Semester Work:
seminars, quizzes, Bi-Weekly 40
assignments and
reports
Mid-Term Exam 7-8th Week 20
Practical Exam - -
Written Exam Fifteenth Week 40
Total 100
5
REFERENCES
-----------------------------------------
1. Rashid, M. H., " Power Electronics, Circuits, Devices and
Applications ", Prentice Hall, Fourth Edition, 2014.
2. Ned Mohan, "Power Electronics , Converters, Applications,
and Design" , Mc Graw Hill Pub , Third Edition, 2003.
3. Cyril W. Lander, "Power Electronics " , John Wiley & Sons,
Inc, Third Edition, 1993.
6
GOAL
-----------------------------------------
• To get an understanding of semiconductor devices and
systems which have a large application in the power
generation, transmission, distribution and utilization.
• To get an in depth understanding of the basic concepts
of different types of power semiconductor devices and
their applications in converters, inverters, choppers,
cyclo - converter, dual converters, etc.
7
DETAILED TOPICS
-----------------------------------------
The following topics will be addressed during lectures:
• Introduction to Power Electronics.
• Sinusoids and phasors.
• Power Semi Conductor Devices & Commutation Circuits.
• AC - DC Converters (1-phase & 3-phase Controlled Rectifiers).
• DC - DC Converters (Choppers).
• AC - AC Converters (AC Voltage Controllers) & Frequency
Changers (Cyclo - Converters).
• DC - AC Converters (Inverters).
8
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 • What is Power Electronics ?
2 • Goal of power electronic systems
• Advantages and disadvantages of Power
3 Electronic Systems
4 • Converter Classification
5 • Interdisciplinary Nature of Power Electronics
6 • Applications of Power Electronics
9
INTRODUCTION
What is Power Electronics (PE)?
A field of Electrical Engineering that deals with the
application of power semiconductor devices for the control
and conversion of electric power.
Input
Source Power Electronics Load
- AC Converters sensors
- DC Output
- unregulated - AC
- DC
Reference Controller
Power Electronic Converters – the heart of power electronics system
10
INTRODUCTION
Power electronics relates to the control and flow of electrical
energy.
Control is done using electronic switches, capacitors,
magnetics, and control systems.
Scope of power electronics: milliWatts ⇒ gigaWatts.
Power electronics is a growing field due to the improvement in
switching technologies and the need for more and more
efficient switching circuits.
11
INTRODUCTION
Goal of power electronic systems
To convert electrical energy from one
form to another, i.e. from the source to
load with:
highest efficiency
highest availability
highest reliability
lowest cost,
smallest size
least weight.
12
INTRODUCTION
Advantages of Power Disadvantages of Power
Electronics System Electronics System
High efficiency due to low loss in power Circuits in power electronics system have
semiconductor devices. a tendency to generate harmonics in the
supply system as well as the load circuit.
High reliability of power electronic
converter system.
AC to DC and AC to AC converter
Long life and less maintenance due to operate at low input power factor under
absence of any moving parts. certain operating condition.
Flexibility in operation. Regeneration of power is difficult in
power electronic converter system.
Fast dynamic response compared to
electromechanical converter system.
Small size and less weight, thus low Power Electronic controllers have low
installation cost. overhead capacity.
13
INTRODUCTION
Power electronics systems can operate in the range from few watts up to
GW, with frequency range from some 100 Hz up to some 100 kHz,
depending on the power handled.
14
CONVERTER CLASSIFICATION
The objective of a power electronics circuit is to match the
voltage and current requirements of the load to those of the
source. Power electronics circuits convert one type or level
of a voltage or current waveform to another and are hence
called converters.
Converters are classified by the relationship between input
and output:
AC/DC
Rectifier
AC/AC DC/DC
Converter Converter
DC/AC
Inverter
15
CONVERTER CLASSIFICATION
1 AC input/DC output
• The AC-DC converter produces a DC output from an AC input. Average
power is transferred from an AC source to a DC load. The AC-DC
converter is specifically classified as a rectifier.
2 DC input/AC output
• The DC-AC converter is specifically classified as an inverter. In the
inverter, average power flows from the DC side to the AC side.
3 DC input/DC output
• The DC-DC converter is useful when a load requires a specified (often
regulated) dc voltage or current but the source is at a different or
unregulated DC value.
4 AC input/AC output
• The AC-AC converter may be used to change the level and/or frequency
of an AC signal.
16
DIODES
PHASE CONTROL THYRISTORS
FAST SWITCHING THYRISTORS
INTERDISCIPLINARY NATURE OF POWER ELECTRONICS
The advent of microelectronics and computer control made
it possible to apply modern control theory to power
electronic (PE) and at same the time made possible very
complex circuit functions. Therefore, the area of PE,
became interdisciplinary.
20
APPLICATIONS OF POWER ELECTRONICS
Power electronics is a key technology for transmission, distribution,
storage, renewable energy sources and users sub-systems, and has
spread in many applications such as:
Residential: Refrigeration and freezers, Space heating, Air conditioning, Cooking,
Lighting, Electronics (personal computers, other entertainment equipment)
Commercial: Heating, ventilating, and air, conditioning, Central refrigeration, Lighting,
Computers and office equipment, Uninterruptible power supplies (UPSS),
Elevators.
Industrial: Pumps, Compressors, Machine tools (robots), Arc furnaces, induction
furnaces, Lighting, Industrial lasers, Induction heating, Welding.
Transportation: Traction control of electric vehicles, Battery chargers for electric vehicles,
Electric locomotives, Street cars, trolley buses, Subways, Automotive
electronics including engine controls.
Utility systems: High-voltage dc transmission (HVDC), Static VAR compensation (SVC),
Supplemental energy sources (wind, photovoltaic), fuel cells, Energy storage
systems, Induced-draft fans and boiler, feed water pumps.
Aerospace: Space shuttle power supply systems, Satellite power systems, Aircraft power
systems.
Telecommunications: Battery chargers, Power supplies (DC and UPS).
21
22