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Btech Notes2

The document discusses various chemical reactions and properties of amines and amides, including their synthesis, reduction processes, and tests for identification. It also covers the characteristics of carbohydrates, such as glucose and fructose, and their reactions, including osazone formation. Additionally, it highlights the structural and functional aspects of different organic compounds and their classifications.

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singhsanjiv.200725
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21 views42 pages

Btech Notes2

The document discusses various chemical reactions and properties of amines and amides, including their synthesis, reduction processes, and tests for identification. It also covers the characteristics of carbohydrates, such as glucose and fructose, and their reactions, including osazone formation. Additionally, it highlights the structural and functional aspects of different organic compounds and their classifications.

Uploaded by

singhsanjiv.200725
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
~~ Arunes 6 Hobkmon Bromide dogrddation [Link]” eft TUtrO Compounds :- +Reagent \- Br, + KOH | nu, ete uy * nulgradton of @ to puna indramshaly 2 “sn/Hd w ~ * Retention FeyHder — Bewt Reagent g er. | HatPd/Roy Fe tHcl R-C-MHa ae RN [Link] of ALkyt-bobide Medh:- ° rye Qe fon 2 Of “er ie Mg SA NH RPS Ng, R-CuH, ——> R-C-NH ee € |e Een-er ROR R reer Bel f exraarreepee) eo" Nig EA oye “Ry wy — REN er “one AA R F=0 ; ok on > R-NH, +Kn 03 - a Reducn Of nutriles ‘ eae | aw UM —— Baste strength <—~———| Rwy appear R-ca-NHp xe BSax +I, +4 at NI/ - uN Wa eESeale @ i @ x yt Nathg) +ROH @ ' ray Reduce” of Uiareiden ‘= # Meg €MeaMH < Metis (gas) | gtenn, My RH MMe) 8b eS 3+ Cina) Ri A Bending We © Gt3N > EbyNH > EENHs © ; Partial . é nH, —oh ° a stave R- “Tyas R- real 2° > ae >4° (inay) I2-CH-NH —» Reactions + p Ls Aueghation : :(Armmonylitn) — 5. Gjabriel pthabmide syntesta Sa 8 se ee RX yp. f 7 (To prepae 1° alli phate onuns ) 3 _ & R * SN, mech . ° a Ca Q. Aeylotion oa ae sot = RN Ht Oe ane neta, Swf Tac SN Qo oy Roe ne RoNW= Car” Fee RN eet (OXF -R 3 NPttows Acids CHMOs / Manos tHe) oR ed Case 41- with ati phalé 1° anne ee HMOs Reaguty 1 ID KSH 1 a AV Na Po Nod® oN UR-X) —> RAAd @&) i “ys | H20 3) 5 etek 2 K en 4+ CarbocaHion | a foomakion 5 =, COS 2 1 wR Aromatic 4° Phin, MENS > Ph-N, ct Ni, He tp, +¢S2/CHataoH pelt OO t Case 3 :- ustty Atiphatic and Aromalic 6) or Br+H.0 2° amine ! ata uty activated ring g PhiR— N EH + HINO a > Ph/p “No -MO oe mts Ley Br Phi Phyp ominats | rom n Ons. Core A. uahth Atiphalic 3° anune Oe meno “ HL Ran ENO _s (Rau m0) = ee Scouts : Oo] —*+— 0 CRU S .- Aromatic 3° anu [o) q oh ‘ye Re ueR ge OGM Acetyl ao is fe Go i tel. o How”, és NO, an x, | Tests for Amin <—— 9 eiration Le Heisenberg Test - 2 ‘NA mee Reagent PhSO,¢} (Benzene sulphone CI concn, er 6 Clo rida) One M804 ° wi ° ay, rebss Ro - $- Ph Fin? Soluble Toma " ° ° * Lg a 2° Rn ETE Sty —s penty : q 3 2 °e (A) For Meba-W' +o hen zene faanace we nH® th 3° —> Me Ran. Netsotubte el we dD a f 2: Carbytamine /9soyonide Jest !- AviUnlum (For 1° Anuinss) (®) For mono nitration (Nom Cy. me -NH2. ea” Phip- MC a fe yi so fowlsma On] ~CHarf-o- any, (5) R- " “se oe ch sans e ° " uf pear ie i ia Hyer . eRucn ey Qe etens ye He not e eo RNC SS RNA t,28 rae Moo um . sup Ares a giWsHsay Nua —. _UsaK-470K, Bove” tH a SO, wale) “o a ee ( low $0,© A Fridel Crag Ran \- Not Possible Ri- Ph-NH2 t sae, tae vis Ba50 : —7P ®@) Coupting Ran :- : Ph-n,er Pest fOynen) Parahy drony a2obenee tad steal ProperHes <——_—— 1. Phe = soluble in water > Crystauine eotourless ABUL acfable UA estd wottr [Link]-N, By — insoluble in wood and stele at roam temp - Diazonium Sabts <——— 4 (grey aliphatte aminus ore GU? Nog NaNo> ug (6) onset i Wysdy wowed > Ph-N5 HW Soq WSandimey oe Rar as HQ NR ca Ph PhE 5 (5) Reducer ih Nae ©) Prenat formation a FFF Ph-0H DD NU treb on zene gormadion t= Ph-u, BR _MaNozy» Ph-NDy . eee cu, 4 Hspo2 of EH s Dh -H ust sly odow © Prim: Cabeniarems ort Liquid ork DAY Wig ons ore SOUL o Anfune and etu ang aminad are colourless but ger colured dus bo oamospiaic. qxidal on | olubla | | | agaminu wlth tuo or Maree | | e Lower alipnadic, omiaus ores In voado, Rim Wydrogen Porat @ Soluni ty % 4 mel: mans ° Anunes are cetubte bn organic Selvents - # Brcorods |p vonaing >” (Aw 28) ond © Lot Amin — # bonding - bo>2* * 3% — No-H bond Belting potet Le>ar>a® for tso mow'e arenes Bpi- Ateohe) 7 Amina > Alkares et Same me}. wom - - phonalien . sub ae ; Gills Hoy Nua a Hast y US3K-499K (0) Dove + ufo is <7 SeaH C low ° $0,© 4. Prided Cra,t Ran \- Not Possible Ri- Pron, & raged Bates HE TESS —> Diazouium Jatts <——— HH Hac Nanos 6 sx © o-s *t ih, soyused > Ph-N5.H Seq w Y Sandmey ee Ran cute, Eee Ot Ss) Pris melon oa) \ cube. ph-Br Phoen Her \8) Gattuman Kock hee ite? ere \ Yt os» Ph-Br “Her (8) Siz2é Rans- Praja —Kt> Phe (4) Bate Sonemor Pha _WGEL> Ph-NaBFy —>—> PRE » (5) Rede | oh Hypoa of Fy Ph -H My-Naa 1B? 'S) Prana formeHm Phen Hoo BA y Ph-OH ee ee Cup —7 Phy Ph-N, BR ae PR-NOp - (8) Co Ran :- Ph-Mget PPS (Oy-NEN{O) Parahyarory azebenze sical ProperHes <———— 1. Ph-NsC) = Soluble in wake > Crystatine eslourless SOUL - asfable UA edi wot - [Link]-N,@Fy — insoluble 10 water and stole at room emp: © Lower abiphat amind orf ge usta, fishy odow: © Prim, amin with wo or Hee Carbon atoms ant Liquid Arh AMY waghsr ones ne soUd - © Audlune and otan angtamind | are colourtess bub gor colured dae bo ad erospinc- oxidaHen- slower aliphatic amin ore seuabl in water Rin Rydoger PA \ @ Sola ag —— £38 Ter mes Aine are cebupks ba organ SolvenDs - 2° Btcorsd) bonaing 77 (APU 995) pond 2 ye,ot Aming, — H bonding - o> 2° * 37 — No-H bend Boiting point. Le>2'>3° for ts maare omens Bp:- Ateone) > Amine > Alkanes of SAM2 mol: mmo . eR oe ae re th 4 ny D Carboly dros - Cx (Haody Oona aa Seen Exception — Colada = Ute loot = AHS 5 Le WECM Cg Hiadc ~ Rhamnose : fea) Gtluvose cyano scarboliydratss ~ Sweat sugar ‘ agelrin aoa Chanai eation ys Te) WhHy HT/Red P —~s orcong Pade” ased On bh ts. agen ® Hy dr olysts: Giuwse —> “AZ Coo thts monesac J OL'goraL { Polysaerides m-Hexane = CO SU e donee tproduce Qor (Large no" Shy oH HH wag drolyse eens Menosach+ Qustin NH2oH rues | fo an 9 Ok Starck, emuerose } Disee-2um use. ao Nw2oH guaeront | pathos fo nton-suugaus. ~~ g Trisae-seeit 4 ES CHNOH 3 Rapyinest gluse on ee with acidicankydnide (AC-OAC) a _ E ® Reding Neon Reducing dosnt a4! oke oredures Tallow edo not reduced tys Aco i 8 . out 20 poke Reread , Cetin ; uk Hus che Act— One OI Oke read rerdie \ oxp - sqyerose chon CHOAC Gytcose porta x -AU monesadd § Ocabete @ Based oni Nuntoer of carbon toms © Bai Bromine water Neek co Atdalyde kone (“ Bra tHed . 3 Aldo Hiore Keto triad mo { a Ardosebrase —- Ketotetrose Attdonie/ glories : , { uth [Link]. 4 : ¢ © pe 3 > Gtuwse << > BE age ® From , Sucrose / Cone sugar CepHOH ae or. a OW Sacharic CyHo,0u > Cotta, “ye @ Osazone formation acid Conde © lee HC=NNHP! 4 oH ' ‘ 3 PhNHNH: NNHP @Erom starch — wep 4, SEPM ES ot 4 . ? H on Cas mts0? 5m CoHia Og n—— oH (Co M109 Say ens ciaeu 4 oy eAka Dextrose 4 oH CH eH ° Fehiral carbon 4h Glucesa rons uf on er CHy ot) \ OSazrene ®DRxn vw th Periodic held (E01) —> Ot Carbs © a_i ES —— SHeoeH + HHO CH Natta) + ROH Het ® Glucose dlner not Sorbitd Aire Naw, dat and Schiff, fue * Penta Acetate Of guitare co rst react usith MH, 0H. cue Strug rn (| ( % fe Q Fructose !- CKeronnrore ay Wc toH,04 Ve eo oe Hore oy 4 “— 4 oH oH 1 CH204 \ on ~ DCm Aruclofay eee \ M hen H B- DOWIE cl = B Cmutakion) @) sucrose (CMs) (K-DUD gure + B- > aruces (Cor-Cr) quyensidic UnbAge (6 2) Bmatiore (Cros 22) ‘ (XD Le) qyereose s+ AD glues) ie meat) ae ore Coty) tinease, Clo" > O-p-vts) gw pyran phran @® Lactore ( ), Hoot,2 are Anomends , diastereomers: C B-D galactose 4 B-D gluse i cased fructose can be Cy- Cy Li Lo.4 } ean by me oon oe sy Hekage i N)) met by (rR, FR) BR) - Starch Les CCeHs0 Os) +e Gylueose Zymarceneymt, Al ootok Components ome yn bernuntain ' Armaylore eh, , > Osazone formation <——— \- Linton pom J Brandud x6 wn A-NS-20 a 2: Bo-BS57 =H iol ae B-wata soluble 3 HO ins a ew Ee noth 4 (Cre guueosidve 4 (Cy~e4) dink Ci (cs my Une Ce - Bre gyurcode Fruvere fist ones Amylose - KT Loy NHNH2 a kin , er er 4 Oper cH =NHNHPH nie ows Shine denne we Pec co Lrrrig ik oll 121) ean ener mnt UR SEE TE ak % 4 Ae Epimers .- Ofartou ommds - rep Kony Ge ede Clu eore and Mannose CO epi)! ae Glucose and Galackox (car eprmee _ . —Y ————— . Aring Ads @on Sad ob R contend Pe RAR ee Cee Ard ———~ Clas sificartens R-cHe MHz 9) Bane | @ Based en postHon cooh s NH !- Stes nes MHL Meuha, arnt eee cmeeee na coe ae —— Smporins Amine Aud | pone + Rc - Ey, —coew xu Jue — Tyr MHe Sema man — Ser ~ Alon V5 8 Similavly wrt COOH qwa —~ by i Ato — Ae phoi — Phe vala + val* u Bsa Le leu ‘i aay — Ile “Guyeun a Eeucyp and othe 2 AP ‘amino Oa -amino - NE ri eae ayer Sy AM G . ong | ye CRS CH-R ceva rg Mine Ammphater (RH re 0, ts SAG > KurHen Und ees H D - Ren 2 COTHAS cH anu? a SHH Eco ~ 4 ™ cs08 |©p-amine a Aat Catrina Hea pr nai | | R- G4, - CH Woe > R- HEU -U984} Awonic Bwitear Cabienic adunated Carbo: ‘ ) | ; Las ata aye Hag Tater bow, PH 8 Y-omino 6 — Coletation of PH eS Ip tie eee © Neutrot @adde. ~6=¢- b= geil) — neurite PR @ en oN N u . z Spat Pie Peas ~ coon pt, a Eo Lactden dae prs PB a2 iP ay : pws! pka; tpt, | §-armino , awit ee as Oo, © Basis Common, Jo 294 a ay NY pit PRs + PK Laren’ pew | \ | ada) | ne wren AVR R on e@ Codactem Cycle amide. - —» P ; aus BI reparation <————- —-y Penyaturation <— Sireuke, s < wu am wee ® vnique 3-p strac aed bio cet, = ju ON ‘ " Ae SESS Doe Ne Wale prekun —> Marine prota, CN i AtTeme wot Qatire RTP + H-Bond ding, + : > e- Rig, Cy lobule —unjeld PFO -Pig @ coo Hoax —Unceiledl » awd Pp cone Paspoties 1— ° 2°, 3° destroyed L? eemary Obilycine is only opticatty inactive — Ex-toagidation of -t-n- © DNAfpny nydrotya + pentose > 4 h Md * phosphoric @ drip ae e DNA —+ BD-2-deouy see ept ribese. ° 4 mono +meno +meno Os tay «RNA >B-D-ribese ruse _ ———+ Globular aad Fiborous <——— 00. cHorl 9 oy ; | # Pod into 3-D tong Hun , bre | Shape ste a\i Ay wl _ % Haemogiobin % COU (skar yb Trsutein —-S1 aminaged, Keraten Cotas) a od eH eH ee M 4 i pyre) » ALbumins | Myosin Cmuas cles) © Adens Mos = Souble vn Ho0 Trsotuble A eh é Rely Metubatic | Struckwat ye Oenzy mus Opens , stem “ LO plasma pron 3G) Hair . @ tysosma Sy 1 ‘ Hei g 757° Struct of Protein <—— : 4 a : . . @ Oyornine @® Tyre 4 2, Be 4 Deo benn e be oon o~ s . 4 ' Had Cs nt Linear chon ueana Sy 8 co hte Py d-0 peptide Link 7 i ae ®vrots cr ae nH so ob x B- pleated shorts Wr M 420 para) ies and a el DNA | AQCcT ‘pp > 7 _ VP beams ener JAQCU Ane . ® Fat sotute’ +> (KE CA) o Nudtewtides Joined tOgetron Hrraugt, © Wek Soluble => -B and C % andS phosphate Link Yeropnthalima. phosphate we Ulowster mitic) 5 Beri Bat * Muceic Acids! Baie Weems — . Bo min, ura — Chet esta { ugar phosphate ) Be Po Cenealioe i no 2 Mak ih Pemnijcleus es ahaeanit o Struct OL Nudckic Ath (RAC daffueney) Onuceosiads @nNuestides cL Asuowbic oad So ster Pontore Bose Perso, Gone + PhoHPhe D > suntigne —> Rrckets Suge suger een cr > ob a Mus ode ete Do eapnens HF __>.DNA i : “ince geet fo Tht bie fate x Structuas, K 9 GLV4 ——> Increined etecuie aetd and chains wound Hagelin pena A GeQeT Enzymes: 1: Se + Catolypk Ran tn body ¢ small ty 1 ——— , do miusen. eee — @ Biochemical crkalyst As ost strand alin sructin® + ekuback on PS eee GA Log kay + DAME 5 oe CS trarbes UFBe > Veen —> Ammania € 2 FRAT FD iid ya Marre > Malroxe —> GLUcAre iene ee ane Neadprint Thyer toe > Sucre CaUlvase + Prone ver nas aaa) cl bua = Unique Arye —o Starch > MmaLrore , » Seavenie ob eo xq “Trypsin > Protein —, Arnino acids ast © utes’ aon area vie Ascorbic acid a Agere > Rehydro ioe and oxidase Bacormic, gacheue pat (3 tAawtt by dead hed, CDRewrtle biotogticnl evolution - Carbo xytic Acid MOP Tt A Mlwhet PAs Acid Aideky de SoA 3 Add Ketone Perel Acid aaa et © AL ao, — > Acort - e 9 ° Ww wo Aes owe* >”) @) Oxidation of abkyleked benzene cond”: - A Reagent Kmnoy / kent A 3,07 “OA IO My an va" G23 B Hydrotysis ob Acid deri voxtves Reagent \- Hot ewig Ls .Compinte Hydrol Paria! dnivin ees > R-tooH Rese : oy Ls RE Nty © Acid chioride © alsa _Hyot , e-C 20H ataees : a kso--e mots gion 4 Ho-c-R? e Ester'- ~gteR elon +HOR (@ Heaking + B- ee y © Rc NH, ——>R-o-8d ton, 8 ° | (4) From Grignard Reagent RMg x 602 5 R-Loe Ht <> G)Meating af P- Keto acich A -C—CH, -t904) R-¢ C283 warm, R- it “ety +0, Ho acid salt a qeti-en 2 COOK a anf ~Hs A ora, bentgic hydrege * ————» Properhies e Acid Stoengiy o< ~ a -M = Ae © Reso clable anion wo eRAxns 5 es _ | ©, g-dfoy 2s e-ba S0Co. Pes ee a-g-U : “4 E esr “gh @W Anwydride formation Reagent t Cone Masou/a oF POs /& g RIC So R200 ° (a) Estert fication ° eB (20H 18) > R-¢ Le + HOR’ Ht fe. & (W) Amnoaia’ rn) ‘+ tones option oR’ é + R-C-OH EN, —s RC-ONMy oO : a —_/ /b Rago NH, ° — aaa Cases -gb Coot ortho Pr ho a Rate Ran $$$} = ome he ee e2ke Conly reduce Coen) oN ° Nu Ohne Cpthatiic amide) ., nr Carbonil Compound ~~~ (Ketones), eryod of Preparation <———~ Case2s- Coe. iis a Parazorte PMO, Vee acnian of Alcolill cooH ° Mor -cH0 GI gales or ume SMA RHE coc ih oN 2°Atc —™me R-§ i ‘+> WVZ (Hetl-velhard Zateinaty 3° Ale a Novrgn - 1, COMA” = At Least ona (-H &. Dehy dr ati of, Alco Reagent re Bsa + Gay wala X Igtcha raves cus AS R-cHto 14 of 20 20: astana y Bore jg? ¢ - » - GMs C-0p, 2X3, cu, -e- ‘eu a Ale _ x Bale —Tes> €2- For isotopes \- “ BeFor Adiytic and tee Risgiad 1 = MNO, fr Ren tines _tnd2, me Pan @ ot D-¢ , ° e PXat Xa. STs! at Xo he oe yo catia} Tet OH oe i Roo Ts RBr. 4.0, + ‘ “nt ee ‘een © ¥CCty Oa +Cck | Reagent :~ Ox ¥eCuy Oaaccte Wh z Si € Zn Z Kates Clearoigis TO 404 On tec Nout fla Sou R-wox Seale, ig. p Ente” a 2 eintramolecatar ts pestathan tniermole No of we zea et 2 O oh, OSS ee FS “Jimeudouble bond 9b tod do’, — cneogeten ca 5. Kucheroy Ran Rewow ree Ry sat Reagent:- Ait Ha soy. J Hgsoy Or bg2*/ 450 | es-Ri- : tO wee $2 | “oO OOS Bee - ~ ROG ° > MOP of Aidala des <——- 2. Prom nitriles : Q 1 Roseamund Ran |! qn! RCN EMBER -C=0 Reagent -- Ha + Lindlar cotely at aor (PA Basoy /Cacos-qwinolindy 3 Eriadel sett Ran Carfed c) edocprevens, ott oxidation Z efay, O tein, pet eae a-c-a Smee RECH-H , Katont <—— ¢ ——> Ran of Aid 9. Stephens eqn‘ 4. Nusleophiie Addition Ran’ Reagent? SAG +4 sag itt po-0* Hot /Skam Cohen fa acek mes R-UtO fema>ke) 9 RoR a -T-mMAt 1 +r + Sy Qbenuh eo oR-oy Ms R-eHO @ C0 ree a wom eae > yy Rech, + HOR tyanenga™ R- COR x 2 t 6 § 6 es aoe Bagitl= & SO ae 7? 4. Grotierm an ‘ oy . 7 fas0gNo co+H io > given b aul ard iy Las” ° “Ang AVL Oo 4 ¢ ree) wg mats LOA “Leet OEY [Link] Ran: t WONe=o mee Se -0y Phew HOrO2 NE _y Ph“ CHO x dey Hel Cn 3 jy A20/got Soe ee ph cH COCoOH a)2 RN no RG la 7 . a same as ehard Rx '— Hrs *atae . iy crox PhO, ph-it, 2 oo? Ryee e ~ Gen, 20 eo warded S $e Tax jade S PhA(OCD Oso - ford pl ete exon oO “8 2 mol Ronen ‘ 1. From Acyl chtoride ~ ack | ° “ar? oe SOR R | adver _ cde 5 pd RMgct + CaCl, — Rod +2My Ao Acetel / Ketal- | © Nu cleophitiic Adduvion Ram !— (1) Ammonia and Un derivetwes NOL Nue-Z Nec=Nn- pee os > C=N-Z2 CZ can be anything) z Product -a Lene -R* Amine BH oxime ~ MMe Arazenk —HN-Ph Phonythydrarone = —Ph- N02 2 ; MONE hydra zone Noo “NHS OONHD Semicarbaz6ne, ao > Reduction Ran i. By LAR, SBH, Catalytic Hy degen . CHa ENi/PA (PAD \ Yho$ 0 - ence ay ; &-Chommenson ’s Reduct !- « Reagent ss Zncug) /concuet moa Yo#O —> Sew, wy eo } t 3. Wiel? Kishnow Ran !- R - H engent :- MMS Nuwe / tell N » >SFQ:— > Yetta peat > Tests @} Carbonyts<—__ @ Tollen's Tort '- Separate Ald -ket Reagent :- Ag M0, + NHyOH R-CHOY - ph-ewo J” R-cHO ER, Rt00%4 Horr’ Age R a Jx (bright ° silver band) Ne @ Fethiag Test '- } Fethuig aq CuSOq B):- WAKT ( Rochelle At) etium pots ium tartarake R-CHO vw PhHo xX Ketone [ar R-c008 + C4200 Redeuish Brown @ Hatoporne Tet ix Reagent - Xp +NacH /Naox 1. Memyt ketone wv 2. Ethanalw « lt CH, hatoo CWS "GFR g and Ph-¢-Cxg 32° Alwhale ° x h- f= Ug 25 P s Naot Rech =Uits MOA» Rey -cHty) pee BENIN, 4 ° €4- 6H AS aigata CHky PH + *Carbanion fprmalecs” + ROR 1-F¥aeBrel © No rearcangemmer Hp F bent > Popa Rule (€ =0) smavier Brouy Sregegewo)! _SeA _, coon . Ketone poate . ; SLU wr + hy Ob — Omid of: Al i R-cHo —SA Ss R-waer Rote 2-7 “Ss R-cHO Atdel tkemediate + Gy Py A wea pengent AtL NabH ,Nlasi0g > KOH, Ko Ws tond- Ald | Ker, have ene x-H Froduck~ Phydrony atdlyde o2 Bhydrowy Ketones - Adel Condenscitien (Ail Naon + A) eDm ef ALdal Rane Y¢xe wHU-D es Yusie a Ht voz Dm ef Aldal condenmaler ei anole . pe BoA 6 FZ *DMo, Ketel Ren’ e Rg 6H R + ee = 2 4yz-e-% > Sed nae e 2toY e DM of Ketel condimoatin KR = Se xfo 4 Phe coy = R a HS 7 q— ———> Crow Adal : BHO 2CHZOCH, Rast ®. Q-Setp Aldal, 2-Crom Maal - > tramotecular Adel € RoR > Ald >Ket ° * Mr GI, A v Hee oe” ees cH : > Aidal macidic med € cH, —-CHO Ht, Croton aldehyde (Semi os Nan/®) > Crom Connkzar9 Sere > CF ZeY : ond orden > Intrameleutor <—— x — 4 teanizae—— ©\ CMOr egos HP9 POON cH 0 Watt cH, of "a Myaride donor ih) +00) 9091 <4 # Set Cunnizaro - 3rd order a s concn high ~ 4% orax-\) | CH= ¢ ay HO 5 ° oF es BS EY Ge > wot RE Bis _¥ ~ 2adordy |! 304 #, Reagonk- conc Kon, Con Nass S07, KER > SO7-Na 6H Cond = No 4-H Mad (3 Lmoteutle oxidticd ~ COOH MA ———> Lmote ule Rederced > Alcahel ancno —2t&s HCoONa + C04 Nab . SEYO hated COONA lage > CHO hekao OHA Lagro = tH ~Aldol * Reagent = eQVRayn = Lee pos a LAidol #2 Reagenk = OAH A @nnizard 4 Redox RY TH HCHO + PHONO Hook + Phaiouy “oot. a ap } erage yon tek don alienate | @y Lesa SH o MARX OAIAISS - as oO, 3 oLelem “EsPIA orgs er — | i | Oo oj ES Che meta direct ve. Ethers | ten DeM — Alkory Mereurdlion De Mer. C ® Dehyarai io Dehydration of Alcohols '- 4°) Reagents~ Hg (one): | RO“H” = RO Reagens + - Heosoy, Hs POy Mardy i emp re Re cH -y Toe Sogn | ~ 4FNBK = 2) Alten. R-CH= Hes par k) bays Oy- 4 ePO Fetes ase ahs uty ( Rearrange) Ren with dry Agr dy _» R-O-R \ -R-X R-O tay Temp .- 443K~ ete, (Symmatricat) Q-R Aq, 0 \} Ne 4 -CH + Ho-aan, #moist Ag,O = SN4 by aru, 0 -a4 tg pe y- Nats RO 24, pm ROR a> at > 3° Us *P ya") ateene cousays . er ae yellow Ag bo detain ® LatiWiamsen e4per protons 1- o Syme, Uraymm etinrs - * Reagent l= CHs Ofna® / Roe oa RS _cyos us R-o-u R-0-2 LHeI@- 0 -@ , GND . i ) . ge, 3 —> Properties of EMuce <— W Ren with W-x Cold /eonc)'- Hx — 5 Wt + X7 H — £2 — Alken © R,R’ Snodsmal 1°, 2° & fe SNo POURONA, Lt WW © Otherwise BP cH Eo {x SMi|5M, SN4a Noy 5 ° Anhy HX a Ether +) AUeene (major). BPE Auten (always a) i t = 1° hatide [ geod yield = Jb => SING (always) SNi~ carbation gidhistable uth SM, x Ley, SH) rE x. ® Excers H-x © €a Rix Alkoxide tons are shory hu ' "Hs Jo WES ahi kreng, <——__~ Rfo4 Re SRR PLR Te? Ph-X ——_ ua hy CHa =W2cX UH x —— Hua, ; OTP Of ete, C —~ @ WAcidic Mectium * tit —o- Nu® Hot =n/h x ech res . Dyot= bt]dt R,R -Normat 4° =SN RA R- other =SNy > a, (DBarie Mediuun *- + Do not hydrotye Rie Mkonide ton is bad Leaving See * Band 4 membered rey hy dele Ri- Due to Ring Strain ESR 5 oR ea oR (ote: co) Only one’ alechsh - , > _______—* a Prenals (Ganbetic, Ada (major wee aliveuys Mesnods oben = xX = x @ © @nchrso4 | - nop (Prom Haloarents : + -C Dow Process) Any Fe x3 cone HNO, es ee) Mat © IR“ 3 RO (Rearrange) (o) G23Kai ©) ety FeCl S20 : ; 9 honic ocd e R= fy = R-l@ (No nd (2 rem pene set pst any ed; ae CO) BE Ho8203, ¢ Nas —> Ran wt, Us —| Rt 0 e yy RU R ad i s ro 14 Rods. [BD Adal freation Or ncdts, | a4 Pas - Ph-o-Nat ty Phony —> Ran “with ehlorint <——} (4) From Aiazenium> ACU Rp ig Ge» R-oHs-O- Hye Ph-N2Q X22 5 ePh-on ark a & (5) From cumenc (iso propyl benzene) ° R-orn G2 5 Replace ot : : ce pid Cigne by Ch R i= Op [hv : oon e Oo) —— {eo ] —— > Ryn Coy ie thas <— + ®In vasic medium Cart) Reagent = UH, 0Na/ cH, OH \ 1S) 9c} Oct, ®I Addic Medium (anti) Reagent = CHa / HeSOy W v \ OCH a on 2 Cen >> Had CAcidie Stenyh) 7 cape * Gumenz Hy droperonide Rearrangmort (CD Halogenalier: y Migration a ema cg 1 © Bromination -- ox -m,-5 i 8 Nb SoH we GC] #1 + GT o py 1. =O 4 er | py ° In case of phenols , cuosence of- 0} Lewis acrd = Bromination | ™ Rim Ph-OH is highly ach vated | om ving. . | Dee Orme of Phonsls < ® Tri Bromi natien :- SRne ou on 84 oy oO _ Br br Br 1 eS € H20 i, Of ut O Br A Hebondiy \- orto (major) phon: , Uses Para major) , -— > Acidic Hadure <—_____ | CO) Nifration ‘+ (encainos jeone H,30/) Ph-on — Ph-o® +He + eeae, [> o-niboph and para L Sfapie due fo Resonana. 1 Cr ane separated by steam do not gire Maco, test OL major Aishuaten Rix gormetton,of werk atid. + I} *Bp:-O0P Q = : 4) R-C-ol SHO PH AS peop @) Concenseatiirn Hnos : on ou a Arf COR THOPh > R-¢-0Ph ae } NO), Noa. | Hi (Picricacid) dy + R-coeH i Le Pr Nox —> Aspircn Pormation <——~ C | Come tasoy 50H, § x Loot oo OAC -tHy | if OO abn, (Ol awhotg, oye so3H | Orth > Decarbonyletion / — g ami O-aceryl | Desuiphonetion Seabi ugiC ow i: oH > Ketbe Ran C —_ eyo a + S03 en a onal aa OQ) Dede niany cooly oH Ww Cine) Dar? en yi ix? ©) ~ pte p> Roe, he Jaye30) creme AD phon cP pe hy) NaOH = Otho Majer (3) Broming water tat: ' a ~ Para mesor ou i os _ : . RY argc denaity K® Nao o as & é — > Rei mer Lieriin, <— (a) Phenel pirat seath- Oo oe, one ov . an +2) © +(0 0 ——> Phenopthalan bale 1 [ewe Key 2 © Electwphule ~ Clo : pie * phenet, o-nitophenel, an-nitrophonel 4 ou do net give MaHcd, tot i oa= Na ae ed Coupling x” eer p-nihophenel Hus on om « dinino , Piairoprene vw. : él 5 oO esr : | q 4 h ys zap dca <—_——_ Ph-OH gg hO-H> Pp A-H sg oxidation Ran ———— —y BLb's oxidation a on atfereerex, » ca é _ ok soe [845 oO MeSO Sai 1) anlar = 6 (suk = 3:4) P-Benzoquinens ; : ames 1 (nydeoqained) Test of. phon ol <————— Caron () Fecty Test -- ans —[reornde ] + A\toheb > LM tthe 9} Preparation ww Catalytic Hyer i ai) #2504 or Hg0% 9) 6 Ph-on + Fes Bua 4+ 3h? (@ Liberman nitroso teak - Reagent” | ‘ 4705, | © 78 (©) ‘ones RaW = ft, RBH a | 2 S04 ; “ee (Reson) ' R-cH-Uls Colour change sequen eh - ad . Ewes hates Rrown __» “reer Red — Dep (®) ROR itedy Blue Bue | * Example of €AR- Red Wydroboralien Oxidation — 2) From carbonic Acid !- ) Reargek = Bate / THF alas ° Reagent ~ AH / H202/8H- ~ on- R- ie ou unite R-CH2-OH - R-at= Hoo Oy ES Reuaiced* Expensive "naaned @ syn addixion aan 2 | © AdAiHen acco Mark Rule get on a won Hs Ro -thoe Pexceblent yield Sf alcohol i R-cH,ont ROH ~(@oOmpm > Oxymereurativn demiccurshm ——______ Reagent = Ha (OAC)2 /H20 OHH LAW” SRY ' : ~ OK ¢ Rania OR coc — R-ULeH# “ ‘, (2) R-c- OcoR’ —> Rew, eH + SH x » R-CHecH, —H20_y R-CH-H2 8 RICHOH,, Mark oy ? , Os > San- WA |S Anti addition > CFO pened 9 * Cyetic merturahion ron formation > Reduc® Ran it (uy R-CoMHe RHE NB x 6) Hy drobacation Protonation - in Reagent = GoHe THF oH? ) Rg FoR’ —aRueH + fw j 2 CH3 coo 4 ~ ‘ 3 Rou x t 5 (6) Rusby ——> R- vw R-CH =U ae, R-G, - Wty - st Hast x inimor m\ NP ° OH ij | (8) Kucheroy Rqn (For Carbonyt) Reapent = dil H2S04/ H9S04 > Hy?Hy,9 (8) 1° R-X je RC EH isto rey aes - js fot) ~——1> Mushet y carbonyl compounds aa a ea ees hoy | Reagents ! - J LAW , 2.$6H 3° Ron oR 3. HaINi( PAPE) 3) R-C ZN —» R-ch -Ny, vw % Ne £0, (HES c-o4 ® aoe Ye i SBHACC vd i Wn «He Rexsrt LAM /SBH] H2 ~ 1H Auyt deride \ ceabenye eate oN tho —~H® v ectal Case!- Jb Phenol and . sg ASP. Phenol and Oxidation Rxn Oty - co Ke bich ee akkeng fsa ho ALCone ph-h= CH - ec “ “Ye Aleonal ees Ald r , ot \_SA_, R-coott he CH= ay ¢ —cH He Ne 3 9° Alcons\ ahs R-CO Ketone R _——» Chenial Properties <————~__26 . WReaction with Hydrogin Hotide(Hx) 3 A\ushe} ——> So RAM HEX 4 RCH —> R® —s RX AMOR 1 4PCC > CG) ter0g tH 2) Ran with Sdtle » Puls, Pus ae (@?) cr.0a SNE ors Coat af? ' B ; Relearion ae scoolin Reagent = (1205 t® @ / (Alo, Resrrang) . , (Neary) ° Cra + acetone — 1c /Ag~300°C ; ov Hor emnod #SOAt- KMmn0U /HE ob Ko C2 OF @ Dely droctcon ob Aluchel '- Fe oa ‘ © Kptrs03/ H* OF \ } Reagents » a 1B or Reso, or, » cnromic act cH, cr04) : cenc-H3 POd 4 fo Maz Cr, 02 SOY a Jorus Reagin® ut ALkona Nog (tone) i a eae (erog+H2800 | p-on Ht ak? — @ mech @ ok 4 CO stesitty i eee ay eghe eee | we A a tony a°Alc) eHe eo Cac Hi OH _ MAO e-c-cHO 4) Deky dration 6p mechanism Ph-cH2-6H ph -cHO ba = s mno2 Reagera:- Al203/ > Pac IP > ec aC -R POA > co EGR PoUds/d Vb yy iniy ° (samen Ph- CHR Ph-C-R. R-oy We» Alken? Sale kort on eo . A cA sa-ma-T a teat (3) Dehy Acation by @, eb mechanism coe ae 3d +m Reapint !- Thoa/d G22" 31) Alesha. —— Esteri Patton << Ron 2? > RO > Alken be R= C{GH = 08? = R-E- OR’. ° 3 e © © * o> Rt. a R- ¢-CeoR’ + HOR? > R-c-oR? ¢ 7 a OH more stable anion = major ° I act 3 a-g swore __7 y ;: > Ratte of Esterifjeation 1+ For carbonyuie Acta — “| Reove % Clechopl tity 4 -M,-T a | +m,41 ROR @f Alcohat !- RoR I ea cacte SH > Hy drotysts of este, C1] DReverse af — ESteri fication ° ° @ R-CSog HOP Let "oy ae sen Ou +R "> Saponificetion ——_____ © Alkaling Hey drelysis i Rue- KOH ~ ‘ R-c-eR Tag 7? REK8K + 0H ° i > Trans, Estriffertion <——— ESHY Ee Este, comiersion ° ° R-E GRIF HOR? > RC -004 R’8H . yu" (gyuiurtz Reaction seven numba af carbon atoms: 7 NA R-R ax ‘Mircor Image ba «e goade” (A) De carbo myralve® Rewoot SYset SR-H woo 2 D> R-wona 749 (5) Kolbe Electro ys R{coona REAR eg RER Bi fewon Lintermateadan > (rita Ae, q * Areane formed ab amo © Cop valved at ome ehreveived atcha de Ree ok cot = Bare - > Prepetia of Areas <——+ (W)Hatogenation | | Atkanes - way R-K FH-K RSH ore? a et ROR = Fa >a, >8m >To Luncontn C i Yery stow | > M.-O-P 6] Atkane, <——_ ee rede Veversiblt. “(from Unsaturated hydrocabens — Aa t= 123-8 26.25 Saprp matin | Sask atte eee GENET ast ae : i -_ Mechanam : Bce c- ote ~ ce. Ae chain WHAM [Link] propa” PARE = AOOM eMmperatwre Hi = Wye temperatne (9 From ALEYL Ratidie mint -H + H-X g-x Sa RHE / Zn tanta —> ZAU ed? — 3-cnatn terminal on % To get Wighsy yieid —add excen at m& Exced Ch (exces) chy 4, Es coy, cexcem) ig) Tsomeri Secbion | PIN fone, (isomers) eu = ok carbon min wl |____» Method of Preparation — peanched isomer bn do () From Alleyne aromatization: - Reagent:- Ho tPd/C or Ha aPAlc Reagent — Cro03 © YoOS, S-quinotine ™Mo,% , 443k » Basoyz quinoline -cec- ) yo-tnatm Rcec-R 2 Ra, eo H > el Ww — 4 col nor proent a bd Charcal 1 pr ——> Gon sroued a option — b Ateqne —> ALKanes - cage Au ® ae ep (2) Birth Reduction - wi/s23K Li Rakao OH lagee ashe tol a uy IL Yoon V\-cac-R S<¢50% UgqNHs W, <2 6 Mea 02 2H harao ZOH lage wafo Bee . 2) de! halo eli mati) (exnseooyginn 3H akan oH lege [es hydro halogentian |. CB-eHm 2 ye PEs ede KOR eMn6 only fer 3° ci oe TF ° wo 3 xs xt fe A ¢ a Roe = In> Br, >a Fe, —> Reaction voi th steam << | 3° > onae adeyh. © o anti eviminaHon Saata we mikal do” $ mork’ 'e4able: product o a co + 3He y CHq + H20 ties Ce Mug SK PA [PEIN y 473k > Physic yi apaiis <—— + Beiling point 2. Setubitity Cia We Bp amwr eALKaney] - Ih mut same mon . “Be el soluble 24 a Nen-pelor branch (4) Dehatogenat or “4 beé- | ‘eD &) Pehydration of alcohol (R-etimi.) “n- co ; | R-on HE, p® +20 , Rearrange SS Athena [He > Mee J Priority. | > Properties of Alkeres <——— 4 Addilwn of Suiphunic acid * Hydro genation cal Bo dca \NNi/ed/pe \ OS-o7 a. Halogen ation es @)In nen-pelar ae (Ccdly) \ ya .~) Z c= _ yp ¢ \ Tee? vic — x Qaki- vicinal di Natide Ly usea for test Bra sy CUly (edaish orange) onan turn colourlers db) Ina polar Sowent (H20) x HO-X 7, I HOM RCH Hy an oH Reartarye net pori ble oe anti product Halohydeva B. Addition of Hex 2 RoeR= HI >HBr PH + R-¢cH =H, us ae @ R-w= Ae —— R-CH -Hs + Rearrange be Alley! halide <= R-fH- Os x HOY Puce Peroxide > Carbooim HE / Hr Peroxide —> Grbocrtin Her HRr Peroxide —> AndHmeark - 6 Andimark Reda nat obserred Symmetre . ts bocatin H2s0y ——3 at + HSOqS cot R- CH=CH, eu, Ro Ch Ha + FP" soa 0-50;H 5 Addt on of water -— Ht on) Reagent :- dil H2s0y oF ut/H2o or H30* Rott, —y RCH He : OH of unsaturetdon __s oxidation Ren — Reagent :- (Ait + Atkaline) runny 1 + cola Bayer Reged * Jest for nsaterat on Emndy — purple colour» Ong. Se eRe oan ce) yeeco oC > Scene & A syn vicinal diat cused to detect postHon ok pone bund in aikenss or ott uns ak Compounds + (Q) Reductive © Og tCCly/Zn tH20 #03 4CCly | Zn Oa + CCly /Me2S >StSS | by Oxidative +05 +CCly [H20 @ Og tccly / H202 eo same result d 1 temnou/A" Q-keyergor/Ht Robe _ } AS Por OO Ire gitne vi double bund i no sb tod ob Rrceo.t AcLeyns - 3-Kucherov Ran!-. ] — > Methods of Preparation <——— _ Reayint *- - nail | Gqsduy HeS04) 4. Prom Carbide 9) Hat /Ho0 @ tat, Os creay REE —> RES Mg, Cg HA2> crg- CEH ; aia eBe,c es ayy 4. ty drohalogen ation % A. From dehydro halogenaton Race OAS p- 0otH Reagent: -o Me Ken ; a fd na — Cs ie —We_» ce EC 1 inh 1 uti) pat UE ghana T QC ECH “aia ¢ 3 ve ee +. a Propatties of Alyn <——— On = on cneet ut" SACO Nature to wrty cle ve © Terminal, ateynes re acdc . Stiscd 2 Reced—y > R=c ce 4H® ©, ie Stabu®— ent “sp hybridise * sengaice c~ chy £ Q Addifin, Reaction i) 1 (ad Hydrogenation (6) Oxidative ! Wald Re QR- CECH voi © et -CSCH fe Re czc ip’ oy Baso4q n7 ~H : Ha + Pale a ,, —b “Tes CO R-cee-r" Na Ry a) (0) Toten 's Tes seers Crdsride ~ ae CHC pote NHs H a ~R Reagent :- AaQNos 4ntyor Reng iciqe> rane R-CECH re NH Ot} lb) Halo g endlion 1 an xe RCE CAG | ~ OSC ety oh Silrer white ppt x Br ora ~ = ge —» coloarters cou Test fer eenreturdtion — Benzene anyone) a Oo _— +Ht — Method Ot Preparation <—— _O- Age? Co [feru® i. Coupling of Alege > , Fax, tHx | Sexson RT y Oo @ Fridet cCragt AUeylation | ‘Jia vi reagent ¢@ beneta hai woh lay 2. From Phenols '- Skta hai? RB -04 20 @ Ph-0-H —29 _5 phy io ae 6 7 3 3- Decarhorylation : R® = Ros & powitle Ph-ceoy -NeeH@o, py -y cage $ Ph-Cb0nNaq —Cao Ph-H @ Fridel Cragt Acyletion Reagent :- R-E-U + Anhy Ads "> € Ni ie sl bar ° 3 R-E® Wo rear € Hw ie, arse) 1S. Biv & ete ey | ten oe , Aromatic eckrophile Nu cleephile Ketone. © tov 29 Nucleus loving © Sutphonation {+ vi ; L t= SO, He S0y | C& Aepecent e© conor Kengnt Hepso4 ' L-s0® re . t RYHA, No tet XO; RO, n6 oO fuming Ha S04 R-c20 5 So, a cone Hz soy 2 have tone pair * a and 3054) CB, BPs e-be- X bord. o 4 aie eg ONitration !- NOs® Reagent - (4) Most FO Be ALntermdjaty y er wheeland @) Ny0¢ — No® NoP , & Complex (3) CONC HNOg t CON Hs SOY @ Directive Inbtinened rae NOp 4h G = tM. Ortho, para oO —-— El oom ms H, $0y lac ay avid > Addition Ran <—— HNO, acl oo bave (Hydrogenation i eres Wa @Hatogencttion |= *& CS ae CD Reagnts - Xo t Anty FeXs Xa t Fe ae oe \ Fy Chiortuctlion /— tem tLaee eae leone a Eanes & wo < “4 ) Run of Aexent, with HX OD aS ae q R-ai =u, wx Qngn “He a q TO Z Gydedinteg o™ e-fi-un, 7 indlane. (Rearrange) Impon : Uindane a rie B) Ran of Atkansy with Aa[h? ga ay Pe : meer (LO R-H alhY 5 R- A Me,c* ic gy REIS mptps Mets THME ied vee Qr, .- 1:88. 11600 B°a274 anne e z X2/ Ck Hato alkane (6) Ren bf Avcenis wit “! 4 s Neecy te Sebesy t mop a 7 I satiy tab!» i x W Ran ef, ROH with Conc Wx cis syn Ergin? a r rans anti - erythro 7 Ruowpweto 5 pO XT, px rom earth Gre : eee feans 4 syn 7 THO CAP 2M e2)shri t Top = Ping (D Atiysic substations | (Cie) | 7 naaion = ehbed mani or @rominaion — inl pease we! one Orin fr pmy p Ring & aim =H 3,. 1 6 Uz | SOO'C ie | Ks + - e 7 (B Luca's Task jot ROH buo me | \ \. Dee Soot cee | (Owe city= onsen gay! v (O42) we te ie citar CMa SUCH X A, 2K — qurbr in SCG W) Ben2utic *- Prien, ah Pgs Ron, — immectiake Huxbidily. ee ad — Pra | £ (iseaReros ASF avoy ( 4. Elnkelsteck Reaction > BB 17,2") — ¢ L 2098 y \ . R-xX Nat RI seb NOX J, . Aceyone » Axo 9 ROW with POs, PMs ne 2 i eax) 10, Swarts Reastion [ore gx RX Racha, Bo yo Sodas Ru) Get eVicinal ai iodide! are Leit Mable Nod ge a 757 oN S ydyered ——> Properties <—— ~ DO Nuceophitkic subsHtation Rox Q-Nu t+ x ® Gx) t> 2skep Ran Tntermodiat, ~ C@® CRearrange)¥ RO-R = R-TORBr>R-O>R-E Nu, = 3° >2° 54° | Solvents :- 12.0, Roa, AgNo, Ay ion) Mots Aq,0 Energy Diagram - + Q@sertay Sy ' R-x ——“y R-Nu h Ss go 4% =pps Javous Rerrrange ERD) 244 Step tan Te arde obe = SP? 7 abe ROR = ReTS RB RUD ; *ROoR Xx 4 pho. hd an 32°93 | dy estos alr Solvents — Agicon, KSH , Ag > R-x M4 _s R-Nu *POS¥Y OTA © Posix —> 0-A open chain) Check ¢-0-S Ceydic) = Cos¥ —0-5A los OA § C+0-S Omg tor even rings za 4 Aiagonal opposite seme group Cos a ” diff group COSX KCN / NAW , Nak ] Acetone Chiral carbon = — CMON BAY DZ or MOE ~cheeg py, ra b Meso — 2chirad carbon + Posy zd + do @, Racomic mixture - for Sam comp, * OLA "pour ye tnversim = bX Ss yty Retention +x ye : Hy SN, —ennahomer (Larersim + . Retention pro SNz — only inversion. > Nucteophid <——. Jo Mu@ > Nu €x- OW” > HO NWS > NH Q- Lone pair present on nuckophilit atom ke bgt wale atom py s Mu clemplili d ky Tyada 3. same-period = ‘Same ad basidly) Sen, >NHE OH > FE 4. size x Nucteophiticlty Fe gue cbc S- Ebbeck of solvent na PPS (al#0) Osey gudeho Y DAS (42#0) se nagudt (LR) = Nua tial! D = Nudie | Nucteapht a ~ Nudeophitie'y f Nutleophitily (Jb na meation ko tohvaloays PPS) G- Leaving Abii ty a We bave , better leavilf SPNger She CEN} aeid better Lewin} Fo cuecRpyec ye HE OH cher s° = R-5> @Br >RU 7RF @) Reagent s- alc KOH DE ! tad -¢ eee ty ; alc KOH ia € Ve, 8% anti’ ctumination © ROR:- B°>2°>4°, RIDRBP © Less hindered allcene U major when Ubuok) i preert * More Strble iy major- Ga tv Reagent :- ale KOH ye LY +1 Hato ass eee ——> M:0-P Le Ekectrophiic Subs" Rqn x a © Fe Xs : a G=tmM OP O 0>M Bp: -0>P>™ ble so Ran of HT th reversié O-A ynog, roy & an uA” *Plucro compounds arenas produis Vege = Vere = Meet cone Fike Pe? Meete > Yd,Br 2. From Diazeniunn ssalk A \ wus” z Ha Cra Cu app pole Ph=Oun Ph-N2U 7 Cuz BIx > Ph-Brs £ HBr Cul/HA yy Ph-A, |_CAIHBr_ 5 Ph-Br KI y Phd (H?6Foy Ph-F a lA —— Preparkis <—— + Nucleophictic S' x Not Possi ble o Ri - Resonance . Spt hybrid Carbon, Nu® vepuls/ on + Dow's proces NaH E 23K 3000 Ph-oH

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