Hydraulics & Operation

of Pumped Discharge Lines

• A pump is a mechanical device which adds energy to a
fluid, as a result of dynamic interaction between the
device and fluid.
• Energy is supplied to the rotating shaft (by a motor) and
transferred to the fluid by the blades.

ENERGY shaft
MOTOR ROTOR
(Supply)
BLADES
ENERGY
TRANSFER
The power required to drive (into fluid)
the motor is known as
input power PP
The power gained Pf =  Q Hp
1
 ENERGY shaft
MOTOR ROTOR
(Supply)

ENERGY BLADES
transfer
The power required to drive (into fluid)
the motor is known as
input power PP
The power gained Pf =  Q Hp

Pf = power transmitted to fluid in Watts (N.m/s)

 = specific weight of the fluid (N/m3)
Q = discharge (m3/s)
Hp = head supplied by the pump (m)
2
 Types of Pumps

(a) Radial flow pump (b) Axial flow pump

3
Suction
Lift

pump
suction
tank

Static head when the pump is located above the

suction tank (Static Suction Lift)
4
Suction
Head suction
tank

pump

Static head when the pump is located below the

suction tank (Static Suction Head)

5
 Pumped Discharge Lines
• If there were no losses

Pf = Pp Pf = power transmitted to fluid

Pp = power required to drive the pump ( power of the
pump req' d to supply a power of QH p to the fluid)

• However there are always losses such as:

1. mechanical losses in the bearing & seals
2. losses due to leakage of fluid
3. frictional & local losses
 = efficiency
Pf  QHp  = specific weight of fluid
= = Q = discharge
Pp Pp
H p = head supplied by the pump
6
 Pump Performance
HP
Pump head-flowrate curve

Actual pump performance is determined

experimentally through tests on the pumps.
7
 Pump Performance Curves
shut off head – the head developed by the
Pp, Hp,  pump at 0 discharge. It is
the rise in pressure head
across the pump when the
discharge valve closed.

 vs Q

Hp vs Q
Pp vs Q
Q
0 Qr

Qr = rated capacity (normal or design flowrate) – point where the

efficiency reaches a maximum value. 8
 Pump Performance Curves
• It is apparent that when selecting a pump for a
particular application, it is usually desirable to
have the pump operate near its maximum
efficiency.
• These performance curves are very important to
the engineer responsible for the selection of
pumps for a particular flow system.

9
Matching Pumps to System Demand
• Pump Hp versus Q must be known
• System hydraulics must be known
Hs =Total Static Head = z2-z1
2 z2
z
0
1 z1

valve Static Suction Head

P
10
 Matching Pumps to System Demand
2 z2
z
Hs =Total Static Head 0
1
= z2-z1
z1

Static Suction Head

valve

P
H1 + H p − hL = H 2
V12
P1 ' P V 2

when the valve is open z1 + + + H p − KQ 2 − K mQ 2 = z 2 + 2 + 2

 2g  2g
(Km_valve = 0) '
H p = z 2 − z1 + KQ 2 + K mQ 2 = H s + KQ 2 + K m' Q
11
2
Matching Pumps to System Demand
System equation
HP HP H p = H s + KQ 2 + K'mQ 2

Hs
Q Q
Pump Performance
System Curve
Curve
The actual head the fluid How much actual head
will gain from a particular the fluid will need to
pump when it operates at a gain from the pump to
certain flowrate (comes maintain a certain
from the manufacturer of flowrate in this specific
12
the pump) system
13
 Matching Pumps to System Demand
System equation
HP HP '
H p = H s + KQ 2 + K mQ 2

+
Hs
Q Q
Pump Performance
System Curve
Curve
HP
Operating point
x
Hs
Q
Qr = Operating discharge 14
 HP system curve for
pump valve open case
curve

 operating point
when valve is open

operating (design)
hf + hm = discharge
KQ2+Km' Q2
Ideally we want the
operating point to be
Hs close to where max for
the pump occurs
H=Hs+KQ2+Km' Q2
Q
Qr 15
 system curve for
HP valve partially closed case
system curve for
pump valve open case
curve

 hv operating point
when valve is open

operating (design)
hf + h m = discharge
'
KQ2+KmQ2

Hs
'
H=Hs +KQ2+K mQ
2

Q
Qr 16
 Pumps in parallel
Where a large variation in flow demand is required,
two or more pumps are placed in a parallel
configuration. For parallel pumping the combined
characteristic curve is generated by recognizing that
the head across each pump is identical, and the total
discharge through the pumping system is Q, the sum
of the individual discharges through each pump.
 Hp
A

Pumps A and B
Combined System
curve
HD
Pump
Pump B
A

QA (QA)singleQB (QB)single QD=Q Q

HD  Q sum of the

The overall efficiency is ηp = individual power
P P
required by each
pump
 Pumps in series
For high head demands, pumps placed in series will
produce a head rise greater than those of the individual
pumps. Since the discharge through each pump is
identical, the characteristic curve is found by summing
the head across each pump.
 Hp A B

Pumps A and B combined

System curve

HD = ∑Hp
Pump B
HB

HA
Pump A

(QB)single QD = QA = QB Q

 ( HP )QD
sum of the
The overall efficiency is ηP = individual heads
P P across each pump
Exp
Determine the discharge and compute the power
required when
a) One pump is operated,
b) Two series pumps are operated,
c) Two parallel pumps are operated.

Pipeline
characteristics
L= 2000 m
D= 200 mm
ε= 0.0002 m

Take =1x10-6 m2/s

a)
• Determine the discharge when only one pump is operating (as
shown in Figure 1) and compute the power consumption.

100 m
Fig. 1
60 m

Pipeline Characteristics
L=2000 m; D=0.2 m; =0.0002m; =1* 10-6m2/s

Pump Charecteristics
Q (lt/s) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Hp (m) 70 67 62.5 57.5 51 43 32
 (%) 45 63 75 82 79 71 22
 80 90

70 80

70
60

60
50

Efficiency (%)
50
Hp (m)

40
40

30
30

20
20

10 10

0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Q (lt/s)

Q (lt/s) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Hp (m) 70 67 62.5 57.5 51 43 32
 (%) 45 63 75 82 79 71
23
 100 m
(2)
60 m (1)

H1 + H p − hL = H 2
assuming no minor loss
V12
p1 8 fL p V 2
z1 + + + Hp − Q 2
= z + 2
+ 2
 2g g 2 D 5  2g
2

0 0
0 0 K

z1 + H p − KQ 2 = z 2 System Equation
H p = z 2 − z1 + KQ 2 = 40 + KQ 2 H p = 40 + KQ 2 24
 Q (m3/s) 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06

Hp (m) 70 67 62.5 57.5 51 43 32

 (%) 45 63 75 82 79 71

H p = 40 + KQ 2 K = 8 fL L = 2000 m  = 0.0002 m A = 0.031m 2

g 2 D 5
D = 0.2 m  = 0.000001m 2 / s
Q (m3/s) Q  f
8 fL H p = 40 + KQ
2
V= Re =
VD
(Moody K=
A  D g 2 D 5 (m)
(m/s) or SJ)
0.00 0.00 0 0.001 0.000 0.00 40.00
0.01 0.32 63662 0.001 0.023 12103.87 41.21
0.02 0.64 127324 0.001 0.022 11292.87 44.52
0.03 0.95 190986 0.001 0.021 10970.73 49.87
0.04 1.27 254648 0.001 0.021 10794.38 57.27
0.05 1.59 318310 0.001 0.021 10682.15 66.71
0.06 1.91 381972 0.001 0.021 10604.07 78.17 25
 H_p_pump
H_p_system
eff
Hp | Hp | 90
Q pump sys
80 80%
(m3/s) (m) (m)
0 70 40.00 70

Hp (m)
0.01 67 41.21 60
0.02 62.5 44.52 54 m
50 η(%)
0.03 57.5 49.87
0.04 51 57.27 40
0.05 43 66.71 30
0.06 32 78.17 20
10
Qr = 0.035 m3/s 0 0.035
η =80% 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Hp = 54 m Q (m3/s)
Pp =23.2 kW
 Q (lt/s) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

b) Hp (m) 70 67 62.5 57.5 51 43 32

 (%) 45 63 75 82 79 71

 ( HP )QD
ηP =
P P

27
 Q (lt/s) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
c) Hp (m) 70 67 62.5 57.5 51 43 32
 (%) 45 63 75 82 79 71

HD  Q
ηp =
P P

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29
a) Single Pump Operates

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 Combined pump curve system Curve JB
System Curve JC combined system curve (JB+JC)

200.00
190.00
180.00
170.00
160.00
150.00
HJ

140.00
130.00
120.00
110.00
100.00
90.00
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60
Q(m3/s)

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