Python Built-in String Manipulation Methods
Python mein string manipulation methods wo built-in functions hain jo strings (text) ke saath
kaam karne mein madad karte hain. Ye methods strings ko modify, check, ya manipulate karne
ke liye use hote hain. Niche main common string methods ko Hinglish mein explain karta hoon
examples ke saath.
1. upper() - Sab letters ko BADA kar do
- Kya karta hai: Sari string ko uppercase (bade akshar) mein badal deta hai.
- Example:
text = "hello bhai"
print([Link]()) # Output: HELLO BHAI
2. lower() - Sab letters ko chhota kar do
- Kya karta hai: Sari string ko lowercase (chhote akshar) mein badal deta hai.
- Example:
text = "HELLO BHAI"
print([Link]()) # Output: hello bhai
3. capitalize() - Pehla letter bada kar do
- Kya karta hai: String ke pehle akshar ko bada karta hai aur baki ko chhota kar deta hai.
- Example:
text = "hello bhai"
print([Link]()) # Output: Hello bhai
4. title() - Har word ka pehla letter bada kar do
- Kya karta hai: String mein har shabd ke pehle akshar ko bada karta hai.
- Example:
text = "hello bhai kaise ho"
print([Link]()) # Output: Hello Bhai Kaise Ho
5. strip() - Aage aur peechhe ke spaces hata do
- Kya karta hai: String ke shuru aur ant se spaces (ya specified characters) hata deta hai.
- Example:
text = " hello bhai "
print([Link]()) # Output: hello bhai
text = "!!!hello!!!"
print([Link]("!")) # Output: hello
6. lstrip() - Sirf left side ke spaces hata do
- Kya karta hai: String ke left side (shuru) se spaces ya specified characters hata deta hai.
- Example:
text = " hello bhai "
print([Link]()) # Output: hello bhai
7. rstrip() - Sirf right side ke spaces hata do
- Kya karta hai: String ke right side (ant) se spaces ya specified characters hata deta hai.
- Example:
text = " hello bhai "
print([Link]()) # Output: hello bhai
8. replace() - Ek word ya character ko doosre se badal do
- Kya karta hai: String mein ek substring ko doosre substring se badal deta hai.
- Example:
text = "hello bhai"
print([Link]("bhai", "dost")) # Output: hello dost
9. find() - Kisi word ya character ka index dhoondho
- Kya karta hai: String mein kisi substring ka pehla index dhoondhta hai. Agar nahi milta, to -1
return karta hai.
- Example:
text = "hello bhai"
print([Link]("bhai")) # Output: 6
print([Link]("dost")) # Output: -1
10. index() - Word ya character ka index dhoondho, par error ke saath
- Kya karta hai: find() jaisa hai, lekin agar substring nahi milta to ValueError deta hai.
- Example:
text = "hello bhai"
print([Link]("bhai")) # Output: 6
# print([Link]("dost")) # Error: ValueError
11. count() - Kisi word ya character ko gin lo
- Kya karta hai: String mein koi substring kitni baar aata hai, uski ginti karta hai.
- Example:
text = "bhai bhai bolo bhai"
print([Link]("bhai")) # Output: 3
12. startswith() - Check karo ki string kisi word se shuru hoti hai
- Kya karta hai: Check karta hai ki string kisi substring se shuru hoti hai ya nahi. True/False
return karta hai.
- Example:
text = "hello bhai"
print([Link]("hello")) # Output: True
print([Link]("bhai")) # Output: False
13. endswith() - Check karo ki string kisi word pe khatam hoti hai
- Kya karta hai: Check karta hai ki string kisi substring par khatam hoti hai ya nahi. True/False
return karta hai.
- Example:
text = "hello bhai"
print([Link]("bhai")) # Output: True
print([Link]("hello")) # Output: False
14. split() - String ko chhote pieces mein tod do
- Kya karta hai: String ko kisi delimiter (jaise space, comma) ke base par todkar list mein badal
deta hai.
- Example:
text = "hello bhai kaise ho"
print([Link]()) # Output: ['hello', 'bhai', 'kaise', 'ho']
text = "apple,banana,orange"
print([Link](",")) # Output: ['apple', 'banana', 'orange']
15. join() - List ke words ko jod do
- Kya karta hai: Ek list ke sare elements ko lekar ek string mein jod deta hai, jisme aap delimiter
choose kar sakte hain.
- Example:
words = ['hello', 'bhai', 'kaise', 'ho']
print(" ".join(words)) # Output: hello bhai kaise ho
print(",".join(words)) # Output: hello,bhai,kaise,ho
16. isalpha() - Check karo ki sara text letters hai
- Kya karta hai: Check karta hai ki string mein sirf letters hain ya nahi. True/False return karta
hai.
- Example:
text = "hello"
print([Link]()) # Output: True
text = "hello123"
print([Link]()) # Output: False
17. isdigit() - Check karo ki sara text numbers hai
- Kya karta hai: Check karta hai ki string mein sirf numbers hain ya nahi. True/False return karta
hai.
- Example:
text = "123"
print([Link]()) # Output: True
text = "123abc"
print([Link]()) # Output: False
18. isalnum() - Check karo ki text mein letters ya numbers hain
- Kya karta hai: Check karta hai ki string mein sirf letters aur numbers hain (no spaces ya special
characters). True/False return karta hai.
- Example:
text = "hello123"
print([Link]()) # Output: True
text = "hello 123"
print([Link]()) # Output: False
19. isspace() - Check karo ki sara text spaces hai
- Kya karta hai: Check karta hai ki string mein sirf whitespace (spaces, tabs, newlines) hain ya
nahi.
- Example:
text = " "
print([Link]()) # Output: True
text = " hello "
print([Link]()) # Output: False
20. zfill() - String ke aage zeros add kar do
- Kya karta hai: String ki length ko badhane ke liye uske shuru mein zeros jodta hai, agar aap
length specify karte hain.
- Example:
text = "42"
print([Link](5)) # Output: 00042
Important Notes:
- Strings are Immutable: Python mein strings ko badla nahi ja sakta. Ye methods nayi string
return karte hain, purani string wahi rehti hai.
- Case Sensitivity: Python ke string methods case-sensitive hote hain, yani "Hello" aur "hello" alag-
alag hain.
- Chaining: Aap in methods ko ek saath chain kar sakte hain, jaise:
text = " hello bhai "
print([Link]().upper()) # Output: HELLO BHAI