ALTERNATING
CURRENT
ALTERNATING CURRENT
he cunt nshoe magnitude ahamgs entinusuy
ith time ktwn gee and ra maseimum valu and
feriodically
I I, bn wt ’ I- I, kin 2T vt
I, = pak wae ey Ac
AVERAGE OR MEAN VALUE OF AC
I= I kn ot
Iont. = Iott
HO
Iaw. = I, sinutdt
Iow. = 2 7kim wt at
-FC
Law. -I -2]
Iaw. 21
RODT MEAN 5QUARE VALDE OF cURRENT
P=r'R 2
I- I, &nut 2
P=(I, kun ut)'R H I,R
2
(2- ca't) dt
2
P= T, kin tR H=
2
I R
2
dt 2
dH = I,R &iu ut dt H = I
2
T
Ha [I'R sin ut dt
2.
AC’ Hac. DC Hac.
2
2 2
IRMS RT
2
INDUCTIVE REACTANCE (xL) -
ofsouition otterd dy the
uinduto to the 7oo otvtunent inductive nactamee.
X 0L = 2T fL
|XL *(2 1) f |
L = seLf indutance
[:2nL condat]
(3
CAPACI TIVE REACTANCE (X)
of alenating cwnent rallhd afraritie
actnce
2JTfC
f’
L' 1/2 JIC = constantT
WATTL E SS CURREN T
the cwent n fwely inducle o tapacitie AC cineuit
when awnage fooor comsemption n AC cicuit ie
3e wattlss wnent.
PHASOR 0IAG RAM
the wepaentation af ACent an veltage y
nesting eetors uis ralld shasot diagam.
TY PE5 OF AC CIRCUITS
1. AC THROUGH RESISTO R
when AC te iato, I and Vvae un
phas hae ditrenee betusen
I andV R.
V= Vo s n wt
R
I : I bu wt
21
-Io
t
2. AC THRO0GH CAPACI TOR
I
V= Vo&in wt
dt 3N
I cV
t
I2 C dv
ot
I=C d (Vo san t)
dt
I: Vo Cw to ot
I t
3. AC THROUGH INDUC TO R
L
V=Ld
dt
L
Von
wL
ut - 2
I - I. sin l-I)
I, Vo
XL
L-R kis AC iveuit
L
ww
-
V= Vo bint
* Veltage dada twvunt sy plhode
R-C svs AC veviit
R
V= V, kin ut
hm
= VR'+ X
Imo
|Xe
(u) to the
R wCR
L-C seis AC vcinuit
I mo
iii) Phaue dittenee betuen votage and rwnent s
mpdanee
L-C-R óes AC Giveit
hen,
=VAm
Jmo
inouctine , cicit behaveo as
L-R cineuit
cafocitive,c i t kehave as
C-R vcint
RESONANT LCR CIRCUIT
æ) X Xc
Jeiti ict
vs o:
iiy he phase ditene btwren Vamd I
(iv) Reeonant anglan tuguney n
(v) eg fower ronmtton Faw eme masimurn
QUALITY FAC TOR
a srie usonat vncit ui
detminant dy Q- facto. T ndcata tn shannese
in an L-C-R e AC cicit.
VR VA
RESONANCE
n suis LCR eieit , wten phase () betseen
twut and the vcireuit is said
to be eonant
voltage
ciicit.
hu quney at which Xe omd X cema lqual
IX= I XC IT
LC
I, >Iy>Ia
2n fo = Re >Ry Rz
2TVLC
AVERAGE POWER IN A SERIES LCR CIRCU
Pang. =Vmy Iam cas
P= VI
t Vobin wt
V=
P= Vo Bn t n sn( wt t )
26in wt cascot
2
2
/Pot
T
Vo do&im ot s + Biu 2wt
2
Pong 2
Powg Vo X
|Powg
appaent/ vtual feue
tuu powr
vitual howen
CHOKE COIL
4 an elctiial devica meed tot
cotiralling wsnt uin an AC eincuit witheut
ttu
asting lsctrical nngy
TRANSFORMER
a eviee tich onete high netoge AC
nt eow veltage AC and vie sa
npon thu foncpl ef mtual inotuetio
WORKING AND THEORY
when am AC wi fpassud
passd theugh tthu primay cail,
tegh
th
magnetie fux threugh theiven coehamgt,
which des two things, foredue
we assme that eistane ot fumay
then tu back mf will be cquel t
d¢ and
dt
whe , Namd Ng ae numle e twns in the
amd e senday cail usfcty
whil
V2 N2
nput emt
ramtorm
1.
Bddy Gusnt Lose - &ddy cwent un won veoe
the tom f heat
2. lun leakage otal funes linked ith ftimay
mot empltly foass thneugh the conday
which dnstu th las in the fue et
Due to hating,
3. Gekper loss -taks lace in veoppen
prumany amd sconday coils.
4. Hyste tose- the unengy lou taku la wn
magnetiing and dmognetiing the
maqmtestution ttect leada
5. Humnming Xeus- inthe ibation
te et thu vee which nt n
fscucud thu kound. thiu los ugevud
hwmming loso.
TYPES OF TRANGFOR MER
1. 5TE P- UP- (N, >N,) tt cenveta lao A¬ altnating
nvottage into higl altemating vettag
2. STEP- DOWN- (N, <Na) t ceete high altemating
notage into dew atinating ottag
" don an ideal tranafomr
V2
Danaformation atio (u)
Np Vp Is
Qutput bowen X 1D0
nout sower
USES OF TRANSF0R MER
1. n the induction tnace
2. n ettag uglators yo TV, computu, te,
3 tor welding puxess.