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## Page 1
Concentration of a Solution
● A. Concentrated
○ An illustration shows a glass with a higher concentration of solute, labeled "5
spoons salt".
● B. Dilute
○ An illustration shows a glass with a lower concentration of solute, labeled "1 spoon
salt".
A solution may have a small amount of solute dissolved in it while another solution may have a
large amount of solute dissolved in it.
The Concentration of a solution is the amount of solute present in a given amount of the
solution. A diagram shows that concentration can be measured by mass (kg, g) or volume (L,
ml).
## Page 2
Concentration of a Solution
(i) Mass by Mass percentage of a solution = (Mass of Solute / Mass of Solution) x %
(ii) Mass by volume percentage of a solution = (Mass of Solute / Volume of solution) x 100
(iii) Volume by volume percentage of a solution = (Volume of solute / Volume of solution) x
100
## Page 3
Saturated Solutions A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved at that particular
temperature is called a saturated solution.
Unsaturated Solutions A solution in which more solute can be dissolved at that particular
temperature, is called an unsaturated solution.
## Page 4
Effect of temperature on a saturated solution
● Case 1: On increasing the Temperature
○ T ↑, K.E ↑, motion ↑, spaces ↑.
○ An illustration shows that heating a saturated solution turns it into an unsaturated
solution.
● Case 2: On decreasing the Temperature
○ T ↓, K.E ↓, Motion ↓, Spaces ↓.
○ An illustration shows that upon cooling, the solute separates out.
## Page 5
Solubility generally increases on increasing the temperature. Solubility generally decreases on
decreasing the temperature.
Solubility The maximum amount of a solute which can be dissolved in 100 grams of a solvent
at a specified temperature is known as the solubility of that solute in that solvent at that
temperature. An accompanying diagram shows that at 45°C, 12g of salt dissolves in 100g of
water.