CS1704 - Internet of Things Department of CSE 2024-2025

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO IoT

Internet of Things - Physical Design- Logical Design- IoT Enabling Technologies - IoT Levels &
Deployment Templates - Domain Specific IoTs - IoT and M2M - IoT System Management with NETCONF-
YANG- IoT Platforms Design Methodology.
PART-A BL
1. What is IoT?
IoT stands for Internet of Things. It is basically a network using which things can communicate
with each other using internet as means of communication between them. All the things should BL1
be IP protocol enabled in order to have this concept possible. Not one but multiple
technologies are involved to make IoT a great success.
2. State the characteristics of IoT?( Apr 2023) BL1
The following are the characteristics of IOT:
i) Dynamic and Self-Adapting:
IoT devices and systems may have the capability to dynamically adapt with the changing
contexts and take actions based on operating conditions.
ii) Self-Configuring:
IoT devices may have self-configuring capability, allowing a large number of devices to
work together to provide certain functionality.
iii) Interoperable Communication Protocols:
IoT devices may support a number of interoperable communication protocols and can
communicate with other devices and also with the infrastructure.
iv) Unique Identity:
Each IoT device has a unique identity and a unique identifier. For example an IP address
or URI.
v) Integrated into Information Network:
IoT devices are usually integrated into the information network that allows them to
communicate and exchange data with other devices and systems.
3. List some of the Application Layer Protocol. BL1
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), CoAP (Constrained Application protocol), Web
socket protocol, MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport protocol), XMPP
(Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol), DDS (Data Distribution Service Protocol) and
AMQP (Advanced Message Queuing Protocol).
4 What are IoT functional blocks? BL1
i) Device: An IoT system comprises of devices that provides sensing, actuators, monitoring
and control functions.
ii) Communication: The communication block handles the communication for the IoT system.
iii) Services: An IoT system uses various types of IoT services such as device monitoring,
device control services, data publishing services etc.
iv) Management: It provides functions to government IoT systems.
v) Security: It provides authentication, authorization, message and content integrity.
vi) Application: It allows users to view system status
and view or analyses the processed data.
5. What is REST-based communication API’s? BL1
Representational State Transfer (REST) is a set of architectural principles by which we can
design web services and web API’s that focus a system’s resource and how resource states are
addressed and transferred. REST API’s follow the request- response communication model
6 What is Web socket-based communication API’s? BL1
Web socket-based communication API allow bi-directional, full duplex communication
between client and servers. Web socket-based communication API do not require a new
connection to be setup for each message to be sent. It begins with a connection to be setup
request sent by the client to the server and this request is sent over a HTTP and the server
interprets it as an upgrade request.

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7. What is the role of Transaction Manager and Rollback Manager? BL1
Transaction Manager executes all the NETCONF transactions and ensures that the Atomicity,
Consistency, Isolation, Duration (ACID) properties are true for all transactions. Rollback
Manager is responsible for generating all transactions necessary to roll back a current
configuration to its original state
8. What are Big Data Analytics? BL1
Big data is defined as collections of data sets whose volume, velocity (in terms of temporal
variations), or variety, is so large that it is difficult to store, manage, process, and analyze the
data using traditional databases and data processing tools. Big data analytics involves several
steps starting from data cleansing, data munging, data processing and visualizations.
9. What are the applications of IoT in Home Automation? BL1
Some of the applications of IOT in Home Automation are as listed below:
i) Smart Lighting ii) Smart Appliances iii) Intrusion Detection iv)
Smoke/Gas Detectors v) Smart curtains vi) Smart Garage
10. What are the applications of IoT in Smart-cities? BL1
Some of the applications of IOT in smart- cities are listed as below:
i) Smart Parking ii) Smart Lighting iii) Smart Roads
iv) Structural Health Monitoring v) Surveillance vi) Emergency Response
11. What are the steps involved in weather monitoring systems? BL1
IoT-based weather monitoring systems can collect data from a number of sensors attached such
as temperature, humidity, pressure etc., and send data to cloud-based applications and storage
back-ends. The data collected in the cloud can then be analyzed and visualized by cloud-based
applications. Weather alerts can be sent to the subscribed users from such applications.
12. What are the fields of applications of IoT? BL1
Energy: i) Smart Grids ii) Renewable Energy Systems iii) Prognostics Retail: i)
Inventory Management ii) Smart Payments iii) Smart Vending Machines
Agriculture: i) Smart Irrigation ii) Greenhouse Control
13. What are the components of IoT system? BL1
The components of IOT system are as follows:
i) Device ii) Resource iii) Controlling Service iv) Database v) Web
Service vi) Analysis Component vii) Application
14. What are the deployment levels of IoT? BL1
The following are the deployment levels of IOT
i) IoT Level-1 ii) IoT Level-2 iii) IoT Level-3 iv) IoT
Level-4 v) IoT Level-5 vi) IoT Level-6
15. What is IoT Level-1? BL1
A level-1 IoT system has a single node/device that performs sensing actuation, stores
data, performs analysis and hosts the application. Level-1 IoT systems are suitable for
modeling low-cost and low-complexity solutions where the data involved is not big and the
analysis requirements are not computationally intensive.
16 What is IoT level-2? BL1
i)A level-2 IoT system has a single node/device that performs sensing actuation, stores
data, performs analysis and hosts the application.
ii) Level-2 IoT systems uitable for solutions where data involved is big, however the
primary analysis requirement is not computationally intensive and can be done locally itself.
17 What is IoT level-4? BL1
• A level-4 IoT system has multiple nodes that perform local analysis.
• Data stored in the cloud and applications is cloud-based. Level-4 contains local and cloud-
based observer nodes which can subscribe to and receive information collected in the cloud
from IoT devices.

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18. What are the components used in IoT systems Management with NETCONF- YANG? BL1
The components used in IOT systems management with NETCONF-YANG are as follows:
i) Management System ii) Management API
iii) Transaction Manager iv) Rollback Manager
v) Data Model Manager vi) Configuration Validator vii)
Configuration Database viii) Configuration API
ix) Data Provider API
19. What are the IoT enabling technologies? BL1
IoT enabling technologies can be summarized into several categories such as: sensing
technologies, identification and recognition technologies, hardware, software and cloud
platforms, communication technologies and networks, software and algorithms, positioning
technologies, data processing solutions

20. How does NFC (Near Field Communication) benefit IoT applications? BL2
NFC is a short-range wireless technology used for secure data exchange between devices. In
IoT, NFC enables convenient pairing of devices, access control, and contactless payments.
21. What are the steps involved in IoT device Management with NETCONF- YANG? BL1
The following are the steps involved in IOT device management with NETCONF- YANG:
i) Create a YANG model of the system that defines the configuration state data of the
system.
ii) Compile the YANG model with the ‘Inctool” which comes with Libenetconf. iii) Fill
the IoT device management code in the TransAPI module. This file includes
configuration callbacks, RPC callbacks and state data callbacks.
iv) Build the callbacks C file to generate the library file.
v) Load the YANG module and the TransAPI module into the Netopeer server using
the Netopeer manager tool.
vi) Operator can now connect from the management system to the Netopeer server
using the Netopeer CLI.
vii) Operator can issue NETCONF commands from the netopeer CLI.
22. What constitutes IoT Platforms? BL1
At a high level, an Internet of Things (IoT) platform is the support software that connects
edge hardware, access points, and data networks to other parts of the value chain (which are
generally the end-user applications).
23. List down any four communication models in IoT. BL1
he four communication models of IOT are i)
Device to Device Model
ii) Device to Cloud Model
ii) Device to Gateway Model
v) Back End Data Sharing Model
24 What is the need for IoT systems management? BL1
The need for managing IoT systems are:
i) Automating Configuration
ii) Monitoring Operational & Statistical Data
iii) Improved Reliability
iv) System-Wide Configuration
v) Multiple System Configurations
vi) Retrieving & Reusing Configurations

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25. Draw the logical design of the IoT and describe its components. BL3

26. Draw the Block diagram of TCP/IP model. BL3

27. Draw the OSI model used in IOT. BL3

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PART-B
1. Define IoT. How would you apply your understanding of the Internet of Things (IoT) by BL3
providing a detailed explanation of the physical design aspects involved in IoT systems? (Apr
2023)
2. What are the essential considerations and principles that govern the logical design of IoT BL3
systems?
3. Illustrate in detail the key enabling technologies that underpin the Internet of Things BL3
4. What are the different levels or tiers of IoT deployment, and provide a detailed BL2
explanation of IoT deployment templates for each level.
5. Illustrate a detailed analysis of domain-specific IoT (Internet of Things) solutions? BL4
6. How does the NETCONF protocol ensure secure and reliable communication between network BL3
devices and network management systems? Discuss the key security mechanisms employed by
NETCONF. (Apr 2023)
7. What is the significance of YANG in NETCONF-based network configuration? Describe the BL3
structure and purpose of YANG data models in defining network configurations.
8. Provide an explanation that outlines the practical steps and considerations involved in
designing an IoT platform effectively.
BL3
9. Analyze the effectiveness of different IoT deployment templates in various industries BL4
and identify the key factors that influence their success or limitations?
10. Illustrate in detail the basic components involved in implementing an IOT BL3
11. Provide a comprehensive analysis of the differences, similarities, and practical
implications between IoT and M2M communication paradigms?
12. Elaborate on the concept of IoT levels, providing a comprehensive explanation of the various BL4
BL3
tiers or levels within the Internet of Things (IoT) hierarchy?
13. Explain domain-specific IoT (Internet of Things) and illustrate it with a specific example? BL3

PART-C
14. Analyze emerging trends and advancements in IoT enabling technologies, such as BL5
G connectivity, edge AI, and quantum computing, and their potential impact on the future of
IoT?"
15 Consider an urban environment, such as a smart city or metropolitan area. If you were tasked BL6
with deploying a groundbreaking IoT solution to address a significant urban challenge,
what would your project entail, and how would it leverage IoT technologies to transform the
city's operations or enhance the quality of life for its residents?
Unit-II-IoT Architecture
M2M high-level ETSI architecture - IETF architecture for IoT - OGC architecture - IoT reference model -
Domain model - information model - functional model - communication model – IoT - reference architecture.

1 What is M2M? BL1

Machine-to-Machine (M2M) refers to networking of machines (or device) for the purpose of
remote monitoring and control and exchange data. M2M communication is often used for remote
monitoring. In product restocking, for example, a vending machine can message the distributor
when a particular item is running low.M2M communication is an important aspect of warehouse
management, remote control, robotics, traffic control, logistic services, supply chain management,
fleet management and telemedicine

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2 State the differences between M2M and IoT. (Apr 2023) BL4
M2M IoT
Point to point communication usually Devices communicate using IP Network
embedded within hardware at the customer incorporating with varying communicati
site protocols

Many devices use cellular or wired networks Data delivery is relayed through
a midd layer hosted in the cloud

Devices do not necessarily rely on an internet In most cases, devices require an acti
connection Internet connection

Limited Integration options, as devices must Unlimited Integration options but

have corresponding communication standards requires solution that can manage all
communications

3 What is the rationale behind the development of the ETSI M2M (Machine-to- Machine BL2
architecture, and what purposes does it serve?
The development of the ETSI M2M architecture aims to provide standardized frameworks and
protocols for M2M and IoT communications. Its purposes include ensuring interoperability,
scalability, security, flexibility, efficiency, and global standardization while future-proofing the
technology for evolving needs and technologies in the M2M and IoT landscape.
4 What are the features offered by ETSI M2M Model? BL1
The following are the features offered by ETSI M2M model:
i) Identification of the M2M Application and the M2M Devices ii)
Asynchronous and synchronous communication
iii) Store and forward mechanism based on policies for optimizing the
communication
iv) Location information
v) Device management based both on OMA DM (wireless)
vi) BBF TR-69 (wire line)
5 What does IETF refers to? BL1
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), an international body-initiated actions for addressing
and working on the recommendations for the engineering specifications for Internet of Things.

7 What is OGC reference Model? BL2

The OGC Reference Model describes a framework for the ongoing work of the Open
Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and their specifications and implementing interoperable
solutions and applications for geospatial services, data, and applications. It is not an OGC
standard.
8 What is IoT reference model? BL1
The foundation of the IoT Reference Model is the IoT Domain Model, which introduces
the main concepts of the Internet of Things like Devices, IoT Services and virtual entities
(VE), and it also introduces relations between various concepts. The Reference Model consists
of several sub-models that set the scope for the IoT design space and that address architectural
views and perspectives
9 Define domain model. (Apr 2023) BL1
The IoT defines a domain model as a description of concepts belonging to a particular
area of interest. The domain model also defines basic attributes of these concepts, such as
name and identifier. Furthermore, the domain model defines relationships between concepts,
for instance “Services expose Resources”. Domain models also help to facilitate the exchange of
data between domains.
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10 Draw diagram for IETF architecture for IoT. (Apr 2023) BL3

11 Draw diagram for ITU-T Reference Model. BL3

12 List out the advantages of IoT reference model. BL1

The advantages of IOT reference model are listed as below:
i) It has the major advantage of ensuring backward compatibility of the model and also
the adoption of established
ii) Working solutions to various aspects of the IoT. With the help of end users,
organized into a stakeholder’s group
13 Define
iii) Newinformation model.
requirements for IoT have been collected and introduced in the main model BL1
The IoT Information Model defines the structure (e.g. relations, attributes, of services) all
building process.
the information for Virtual Entities on a conceptual level. The IoT Information Model
details the modelling of a Virtual Entity. The Virtual Entity (Virtual Entity) has attributes
with a name (resp. Attribute and Attribute Name) and a type (Attribute Type) and one or
more values (Value) to which meta-information (MetaData) can be associated. Important
meta-information is, e.g., at what time a value was measured (i.e. time stamp), the location
where a measurement took place, or the quality of the measurement.

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14 Define domain model. (Apr 2023) BL1
The IoT defines a domain model as a description of concepts belonging to a particular
area of interest. The domain model also defines basic attributes of these concepts, such as
name and identifier. Furthermore, the domain model defines relationships between concepts,
for instance “Services expose Resources”. Domain models also help to facilitate the exchange of
data between domains.
15 What are different sub-models of IoT reference model? BL1
The different sub models of IOT reference models are:
i) Domain model
ii) Information model ii)
Functional model
iv) Communication model
14 Define functional model. BL1
The Functional Model is an abstract framework for understanding the main Functionality
Groups (FG) and their interactions. This framework defines the common semantics of the main
functionalities and will be used for the development of IoT-A compliant Functional views.

15 Draw the diagram of functional model. BL3

16 Draw the relationship of IoT domain model and IoT information model. BL3

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17 Define communication model in the context of IOT architecture. BL1

In the context of IoT (Internet of Things) architecture, a communication model refers

to the framework or set of rules and protocols that govern how devices, sensors, and
systems within an IoT ecosystem communicate with each other to exchange data and
information. The communication model plays a critical role in ensuring efficient and
effective communication among IoT components. It defines how data is transmitted,
received, processed, and managed across the network.
18 Give an example of communication model. BL1

19 What is the need for IoT reference architecture? BL2

The need for IoT reference architecture arises from the inherent complexity of IoT systems
and the desire to streamline development, ensure interoperability, enhance security, and
reduce costs. It provides a structured foundation that enables organizations to build robust,
scalable, and efficient IoT solutions while staying aligned with industry best practices and
standards.
20 What is OGC architecture? BL1
The OGC architecture refers to the conceptual framework and guidelines provided by
the Open Geospatial Consortium for building geospatial systems and
applications. It encompasses various standards, specifications, and best practices related to
the acquisition, processing, storage, distribution, and visualization of geospatial data.
The primary goals of the OGC architecture are to ensure that geospatial information
can be shared, accessed, and used seamlessly across different platforms, software, and
organizations.
21. Give an example of ETSI IoT Architecture. BL3

What are the OGC standards? BL1

22 OGC standards are developed by members to make location information and services
FAIR – Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable. They are used by software
developers to build open interfaces and encodings into their products and services.
Standards are the main "products" of OGC and have been developed by the membership to
address specific interoperability challenges, such as publishing map content on the Web,
exchanging critical location data during disaster response & recovery, and enabling the
fusion of information from diverse Internet of Things (IoT) devices.

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23. List the requirements of OGC architecture. BL2

24 List out the merits and demerits of functional model of IOT architecture. BL2
The merits of Functional model of IOT architecture are as follows:
• Clarity of Functionality
• Modularity
• Interoperability
• Scalability
• Flexibility
The disadvantages of Functional model of IOT architecture are as follows:
• Lack of implementation details
• Overhead
• Not suitable for all cases
• Evolution challenges
• Complexity management.
25 Mention two applications of domain model and functional model IOT BL2
architecture.
Domain model IOT architecture applications:
Agricultural IOT:
Application: Precision Agriculture
Healthcare IOT:
Application: Remote Patient Monitoring Functional
model IOT architecture applications: Smart
Building Management:
Application: Building Automation Industrial IOT manufacturing: Application: Predictive
Maintenance
PART-B
1. Analyze the M2M (Machine-to-Machine) high-level architecture defined by ETSI BL4
(European Telecommunications Standards Institute)? (Apr 2023)
2. How can the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) architecture for IoT (Internet of BL3
Things) be applied to design and implement IoT solutions effectively?
3. How can the OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) and its architecture be applied to BL3
facilitate the interoperability and exchange of geospatial data and services in
practical geospatial applications? (Apr 2023)
4. What are the critical aspects and benefits of IoT reference models, and how do they BL4
contribute to the development and standardization of Internet of Things (IoT)
solutions?
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5. Provide an in-depth analysis of the role and significance of the information model in IoT
(Internet of Things) architecture?
6. Illustrate the functional model of IOT architecture with a neat sketch. BL4
BL3
7. How can you utilize a communication model in an IoT (Internet of Things) BL3
architecture to facilitate effective data exchange between devices and systems?
8. What are the key components and layers within IoT reference architecture, and how BL 3
do they contribute to the overall structure of IoT systems?
9. Explain with a block diagram of how a Pressure Monitoring System works if BL 3
implemented using an M2M architecture.
10. What are the different types of functional groups in functional model? Explain. BL 4
11. Conduct a detailed analysis of the BTSI (Broadband Trunking Systems for the BL 1
Internet of Things) M2M High-Level Architecture, and provide an accompanying
architectural diagram to illustrate its core components and their interconnections?
12. What is the core concept of domain model architecture in IoT, and how does it
enable the development of specialized and tailored solutions for specific industries or
domains? BL 3
13. Explain with a block diagram of how a Temperature Monitoring System works if BL 3
implemented using an M2M architecture.
PART-C
14. How would you creatively apply the principles and components of the reference BL 6
architecture to address traffic congestion, reduce emissions, and enhance the overall
mobility experience in a large metropolitan area?
15. In what ways can domain model architecture support the integration of emerging BL 6
technologies like AI, edge computing, and block chain into IoT solutions tailored for
specific industries?
UNIT III IoT PROTOCOLS

Protocol Standardization for IoT – Efforts – M2M and WSN Protocols – SCADA and RFID
Protocols – Unified Data Standards – Protocols – IEEE 802.15.4 – BACNet Protocol – Modbus– Zigbee
Architecture – Network layer – 6LowPAN - CoAP – Security

PART-A
1. List some protocols used in M2M. (Apr 2023) BL 1
Some of the protocols used in M2M are :
i) CoAP- Constrained Application Protocol
ii) Lightweight M2M Communication Protocol
iii) Message Queuing Telemetry Transport Protocol iv)
Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
2. What does WSN refers to? BL 1
Wireless sensor network (WSN) refers to a group of spatially
dispersed and dedicated sensors for monitoring and recording the physical
conditions of the environment and organizing the collected data at a central
location. WSNs measure environmental conditions like temperature, sound,
pollution levels, humidity, wind, and so on.

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3. List some WSN protocols. BL 1
Some medium access control protocols are.
i) Sensor-Medium access control (MAC) protocol
ii) Timeout-MAC
iii) Traffic-Adaptive Medium Access
iv) Sparse Topology and Energy Management
Some Network protocols are,
i) Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH)
ii) Energy-aware Routing
iii) Fidelity-aware Routing
iv) Sensor Protocol for Information via Negotiation (SPIN)
4. Write about SCADA. BL 1
Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) is a system of software and hardware
elements that allows industrial organizations to:
i) Control industrial processes locally or at remote locations
ii) Monitor, gather, and process real-time data
iii) Directly interact with devices such as sensors, valves, pumps, motors, and more
through human-machine interface (HMI) software
iv) Record events into a log file
The basic SCADA architecture begins with programmable logic controllers (PLCs) or
remote terminal units (RTUs). PLCs and RTUs are microcomputers that communicate with
an array of objects such as factory machines, HMIs, sensors, and end devices, and then
route the information from those objects to computers with SCADA software.
5. What is BACnet Protocol? BL 1
BACnet is a communications protocol for Building Automation and Control (BAC)
networks that leverage the ASHRAE, ANSI, and ISO 16484-5 standard[1] protocol.
BACnet was designed to allow communication of building automation and control
systems for applications such as heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning control (HVAC),
lighting control, access control, and fire detection systems and their associated equipment.
The BACnet protocol provides mechanisms for computerized building automation devices
to exchange information, regardless of the particular building service they perform.
6. List some RFID applications. BL 1
i) Tracking and Inventory control of goods ii)
Supply chain systems
iii) Business processes such as foe payment, leasing, insurance, and quality
management.
iv) Access to buildings and road trolls or secured store center entries.

7. State the difference between IEEE 802.15.4 and Zigbee. BL 1

IEEE 802.15.4 Zigbee
IEEE 802.15.4 is a technical standard ZigBee is the most popular industry
which defines the operation of low-rate wireless mesh networking standard for
wireless personal area networks (LR- connecting sensors, instrumentation, and
WPANs). control systems.
The ZigBee protocol is defined by It works with the 802.15.4 layers 1 and
layer 3 and above.
2.
The 802.15.5 standard defines a mesh While ZigBee is the most notable example
networking capability for 802.15.4. of the use of the base 802.15.4 standard,
other protocols are defined for specific
applications.

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8. What are the main issues of unified data formats? BL 1
i) One of the key issues of unified data format for IoT is the unique
identification of objects.
ii) However, when the WoT applications prevail in the future, globally unique
identification of objects becomes a serious issue.
iii) Object identification can essentially encompass the naming, addressing, or both
of an asset or device.
9. Define IEEE 802.15.4 BL 1
IEEE 802.15.4 is a technical standard which defines the operation of low-rate
wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs). It specifies the physical layer and
media access control for LR-WPANs, and is maintained by the IEEE
802.15 working group, which defined the standard in 2003. Alternatively, it can be used
with 6LoWPAN, the technology used to deliver the IPv6 version of the Internet Protocol
(IP) over WPANs, to define the upper layers.

10. Define RFID. BL 1

RFID refers to Radio Frequency Identification Technology. RFID is an
identification system using tagging and labeling of objects. A tag enables identification of
an object at different locations and times. The reader circuit of an ID can use USART or
NFC protocol to identify the tag is at a distance less than 20 cm.
11. What does Modbus refer to? BL 1
Modbus is an open serial communications protocol. It was developed in 1979 for use with
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) devices, and is now widely used for connecting
many types of industrial electronic devices connected on different types of networks.
The Modbus protocol can be used with two types of serial connections, both RS-232 and
RS-485. Some versions of Modbus can also be sent over Ethernet or TCP/IP. These
Modbus communications are packed as a single bit, or 16-bit word packets.
12. State reason for preferring Modbus in communication protocol of IOT. BL 1
Modbus is used extensively for several reasons, including the following:
i) Modbus is an open-source protocol, meaning that it can be included in a wide range
of device types from any equipment vendor.
ii) Modbus uses a simple message structure, making it less difficult to deploy.
Modbus might require just a matter of days to implement, a big improvement over the
months of work that might be required to learn and deploy other protocols.
iii) Modbus moves raw words and bits, and it has very few restrictions

13 List some applications of Zigbee. BL 1

ZigBee applications include:
i) Home and office automation ii) Industrial automation
iii) Medical monitoring iv) Low-power sensors v) HVAC control ,etc.

14 Define Zigbee. BL 1

Zigbee is a low-power, wireless communication protocol and technology standard designed

for short-range, low-data-rate, and low-complexity communication among devices in the
Internet of Things (IoT) and home automation applications. Zigbee is known for its energy
efficiency, allowing battery-operated devices to have long lifespans, making it suitable for
various applications like smart homes, industrial automation, healthcare, and more through
other devices in the network.

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15. Draw a diagram for IoT protocol stack. BL 3

16 What is 6LoWPAN? BL 1
IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) is the first and most
used standard in this category. It efficiently encapsulates IPv6 long headers in
IEEE802.15.4 small packets, which cannot exceed 128 bytes. The specification supports
different length addresses, low bandwidth, different topologies including star or mesh,
power consumption, low cost, scalable networks, mobility, unreliability, and long
sleep time. The standard provides header compression to reduce transmission overhead,
fragmentation to meet the 128-byte maximum frame length in IEEE802.15.4, and support
of multi-hop delivery. Frames in 6LoWPAN use four types of headers.
17. What is IoT security? BL 1
IoT security is the area of endeavor concerned with safeguarding connected devices and
networks in the Internet of things (IoT). The Internet of Things involves the increasing
prevalence of objects and entities known, with unique identifiers and the ability to
automatically transfer data over a network. Much of the increase in IoT communication
comes from computing devices and embedded sensor systems used in industrial machine-
to-machine (M2M) communication, smart energy grids, home and building automation,
vehicle to vehicle communication and wearable computing devices.

18. What is CoAP Protocol? ( Apr 2023) BL 1

CoAP refers to constrained application protocol. CoAP is an application layer
protocol that is intended for use in resource-constrained internet devices, such as WSN
nodes. CoAP is designed to easily translate to HTTP for simplified integration with the web,
while also meeting specialized requirements such as multicast support, very low overhead,
and simplicity. The CoRE group has proposed the following features for CoAP: RESTful
protocol design minimizing the complexity of mapping with HTTP, Low header overhead
and parsing complexity, URI and content-type support, Support for the discovery of
resources provided by known CoAP services.
19. What are the technologies involved in IoT security? BL 1
The following are some of the technologies involved in IOT security:
i) IoT network security ii) IoT authentication iii) IoT encryption iv) IoT
PKI v) IoT security analytics vi) IoT API security

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20. What is JSON format? BL 1
• JSON is an open-standard format used primarily to transmit data between a server
and web application, as an alternative to XML. The text human readable. It transmits
data objects as text to transmit.
• Originally derived from the java-script language, JSON is now a language-
independent data format, the coding of which can be in java or C or another
programming language used for parsing and generating JSON data.

21. What is COAP? BL 1

Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is a protocol that specifies how low-power
compute-constrained devices can operate in the internet of things (IoT).

22. Write the Salient features of M2M protocol. BL 1

The salient features of M2M protocols are mentioned as below:
i) Low Mobility ii) Time Controlled iii) Time Tolerant iv) Packet Switched
v) Online small data transmission vi) Monitoring vii) Low Power Consumption
23. Define: Smart Object. BL 1
A smart object is an object that enhances the interaction with other smart objects as well as
with people also. The world of IoT is the network of interconnected heterogeneous objects
(such as smart devices, smart objects, sensors, actuators, RFID, embedded computers, etc.)
uniquely addressable and based on standard communication protocols. In a day-to-day life,
people have a lot of object with internet or wireless or wired connection. Such as:
i) Smartphone ii) Tablets iii) TV computer
These objects can be interconnected among them and facilitate our daily life (smart home,
smart cities) no matter the situation, localization, accessibility to a sensor, size, scenario,
or the risk of danger.
24. What is ModBus used for? BL 2
Modbus is a serial communication protocol developed by Modicon published by
Modicon® in 1979 for use with its programmable logic controllers (PLCs). In simple
terms, it is a method used for transmitting information over serial lines between electronic
devices. Modbus is typically used to transmit signals from instrumentation and control
devices back to a main controller or data gathering system, for example a system that
25 measures
How doestemperature and humidity
Zigbee protocol work? and communicates the results to a computer. BL 2

Devices using Zigbee protocol can transmit data over long distances by passing data
through a mesh network of intermediate devices to reach more distant ones. Zigbee
is typically used in low data rate applications that require long battery life and secure
networking. (Zigbee networks are secured by 128-bit symmetric encryption keys.)

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26. BL 3
Draw the Architecture with components of IEEE 802.15.4 protocol stack

27. Differentiate IEEE 802.15 and IEEE 802.11. BL 1

[Link] IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15

1 Wireless LAN is a set of low Bluetooth is a low tier, ADHOC, terrestrial
tier, terrestrial network wireless standard for short range
technologies for data communication.
communication
2 Wireless LAN also known as Bluetooth communication protocol

Wi-Fi
3 Optimized for speed Optimized for Low cost
4 Network Size: 32 Network Size: 7
5 Uses 2.4Ghz & 5Ghz ISM Uses 2.4Ghz with a different Signaling
methodology
6 Range: 100 Meters Range: 10 Meters
PART-B
1. How have IoT standards evolved over time to address the increasing complexity and BL 4
diversity of IoT applications and devices?

2. Explain the role of routing protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). BL 2

3. Describe the architecture of SCADA and RFID protocols in detail. ( Apr 2023) BL 1
4. How do RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) protocols play a role in asset BL 4
tracking and supply chain management applications, and what are the key considerations
for implementing RFID systems?
5. How does the IEEE 802.15.4 standard contribute to the development of wireless BL 3
communication in IoT, and what are its key features?
6. With an examples, Explain how BACnet Protocol is used in building automation and control BL 3
systems (BACS)?
7. In the context of industrial automation, how does the Modbus protocol facilitate BL 3
communication between various industrial devices, and what are its different variants?
8. Give an overview of the architecture and key components of Zigbee, and explain how it BL 3
supports low-power, wireless communication in IoT?
9. Explain the role of 6LowPAN in IoT networks and how it enables the use of IPv6 in BL 4
resource-constrained devices?

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10. What are the specific applications of CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) in BL 4

IoT, and how does it differ from traditional HTTP for resource-constrained devices?
11. What are some of the challenges and solutions associated with securing IoT devices and BL 4
networks, especially in the context of wireless communication protocols like Zigbee?
12. Explain in detail, How the wireless standard implementation is done in BL 2

IEEE802.15.4? (Apr 2023)

13. What are the benefits of adopting unified data standards in IoT, and how do they BL 4
facilitate interoperability among diverse devices and systems?
PART-C
14. In the field of healthcare, how might wireless IoT protocols be utilized to create a "smart BL 6
health guardian" for individuals? Describe a wearable device that continuously
monitors vital signs, provides medical advice, and connects patients with healthcare
professionals in real time. What ethical considerations should be taken into account?
15. Imagine a scenario in which an autonomous drone communicates with a fleet of delivery BL 6
robots in a smart city to optimize package deliveries. Describe the wireless protocols and
M2M communication mechanisms that would enable this seamless coordination among
autonomous devices. How could these technologies revolutionize the future of urban
logistics and transportation?
UNIT IV BUILDING IoT WITH RASPBERRY PI & ARDUINO

Building IOT with RASPERRY PI- IoT Systems - Logical Design using Python – IoT Physical Devices &
Endpoints - IoT Device -Building blocks -Raspberry Pi -Board - Linux on Raspberry Pi - Raspberry Pi
Interfaces -Programming Raspberry Pi with Python - Other IoT Platforms - Arduino.

PART-A BL
1. What are the basic building blocks of IoT? BL 1
The basic building blocks of IOT are:
i) Sensing: Sensors are used to sense information such as temperature, humidity, light
intensity etc. Later the sensed information can be communicated to other devices or
cloud-based servers.
ii) Actuation: This module takes actions upon the physical entities in the vicinity of
device.
iii) Communication: Communication modules are responsible for sending
collected data to other devices or cloud-based servers and receiving data from other
devices.
iv) Analysis & Processing: This module is responsible for making sense of
collected data.
2. What are the different python data types used? BL 1

Different data types used are,

i) Numbers
ii) Strings
iii) Lists
iv) Tuples
v) Dictionaries

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3. What is conditional execution in python? BL 1
Conditional execution in Python refers to the ability to execute a block of code only if a
certain condition or set of conditions is met. Python provides conditional statements
to control the flow of a program based on the evaluation of these conditions. The
primary conditional statements in Python are:
i) if: The "if" statement is used to execute a block of code when a specified
condition is true.
ii) elif (else if): The "elif" statement allows you to check additional conditions if the
previous "if" condition is false.
iii) else: The "else" statement provides a block of code to execute if none of the
preceding conditions are true.
4. What is tuple? BL 1
A tuple is a sequence of immutable Python objects. Tuples are sequences, like lists. The
differences between tuples and lists are, the tuples cannot be changed unlike lists and
tuples use parentheses, whereas lists use square brackets. Creating a tuple is as simple as
putting different comma-separated values. Comma-separated values between parentheses
can also be used.
Example: tup1 = ('physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000);
5. Define dictionary with an example. BL 1
A dictionary is an associative array (also known as hashes). Any key of the
dictionary is associated (or mapped) to a value. The values of a dictionary can be any
Python data type. So dictionaries are unordered key-value-pairs.
Example:
>>> eng2sp = {} # empty dictionary

>>> eng2sp[’one’] = ’uno’

>>> eng2sp[’two’] = ’dos’

6. What is a list? BL 1
A list is an ordered set of values, where each value is identified by an index. The values
that make up a list are called its elements. Lists are similar to strings, which are ordered
sets of characters, except that the elements of a list can have any type.
7. What is a continue statement? BL 1
The continue statement works somewhat like a break statement. Instead of
forcing termination, it forces the next iteration of the loop to take place,
skipping any code in between.
Eg:
for num in
range(2,10):
if
num%2==0;
print “Found an even number”, num
continue
print “Found a number”,
num

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8. Explain ‘for loop’ with example. BL 1

A "for loop" in Python is used to repeatedly execute a block of code for a specified number
of iterations or over the elements of an iterable (like a list, tuple, or string). It's a
fundamental control structure that simplifies repetitive tasks. Here's how a "for loop" works.
The general form of a for statement is
Syntax:
for variable in sequence:
code block
Eg:
x=4
for i in range (0, x):
print i
9. Explain while loop in python with example. BL 1
In Python, a while loop is a control flow statement that allows you to repeatedly execute a
block of code as long as a specified condition is true. The loop continues to execute as
long as the condition remains true and terminates when the condition becomes false. Here's
the basic structure of a “while” loop:
Eg:

def countdown(n):

while n > 0:
print n
n = n-1
print 'Blastoff!'

More formally, here is the flow of execution for a while statement:

i) Evaluate the condition, yielding True or False.

ii) If the condition is false, exit the while statement and continue execution at the next
statement.
iii) If the condition is true, execute the body and then go back to step 1
10. What is the purpose of pass statement in python? BL 1

In Python, the pass statement is a placeholder statement that serves as a no-op (no
operation). Its purpose is to indicate that no action should be taken when the
statement is executed. It's often used when a statement is syntactically required but no
meaningful operation is intended. The pass statement is a way to make your code
syntactically valid while postponing the implementation of specific functionality. It's
particularly useful during development and for adding structure to your code before filling
in the details.
Eg:
def bar():
pass

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11. List out various Raspberry Pi interfaces BL 1

Raspberry Pi offers a variety of interfaces and ports, making it a versatile single- board
computer for various applications. Here are some of the primary interfaces available on a
typical Raspberry Pi board:
i) HDMI Port ii) USB Port iii) I2C iv)Ethernet Port v) Camera Connector vi)
Display Connector vii) GPIO pins viii) Micro SD card Slot ix) UART Pins x)Wi-Fi
Bluetooth module,etc.
12. What are modules? BL 1
A module is simply a file that defines one or more related functions grouped
together. To reuse the functions of a given module, we need to import the module. Syntax:
import <module name>
13. What is a break statement? BL 1
When a break statement is encountered inside a loop, the loop is immediately
terminated, and the program control resumes at the next statement following the loop.
Eg:
while True:

line = raw_input('>')

if line == 'done':
break
print line
print'Done!'
14. What is a Raspberry Pi device? BL 1
The Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-board computers developed in the United
Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi Foundation to promote the teaching of basic computer
science in schools and in developing countries. The original model became far more popular
than anticipated, selling outside its target market for uses such as robotics. It does not
include peripherals (such as keyboards, mice and cases).
15. What are the various versions of Linux supported by Raspberry Pi? BL 1
Raspberry Pi supports a variety of Linux distributions, and the exact list of supported
versions may evolve over time. here are some popular Linux distributions that were
commonly used with Raspberry Pi:
i) Raspbian ii) Arch iii) Pidora iv) OpenELEC iv) RISC OS v)Ubuntu vi)
Fedora vii) Manjaro.
16. What are the five pins in SPI Raspberry Pi interface? BL 1
The five pins of SPI Raspberry Pi interface are:
i) MISO (Master In Slave Out) ii)
MOSI (Master Out Slave In) iii)
SCK (Serial Clock)
iv) CE0 (Chip Enable 0)
v) CE1 (Chip Enable 1)
17. What is a package? BL 1
Packages are namespaces that contain multiple packages and modules themselves. They
are simply directories.
Syntax: from <mypackage> import <module name>
18. What are the peripherals labelled in Raspberry Pi? BL 1
The various peripherals labelled in Raspberry Pi are:
i) Processor & RAM ii) USB Ports iii) Ethernet Ports iv) GIPO Pins v)
Composite Video Output vi) Audio Output vii) HDMI Output
viii) Power Input ix) Camera Serial Interface x) Status LED’s
xi) SD card slot xiii) Display Serial Interface

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19. What is Arduino? BL 1
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and
software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs light on a sensor, a finger on a
button, or a Twitter message and turn it into an output activating a motor, turning on an
LED, publishing something online.
20. What are the advantages of Arduino? BL 1
The advantages of Arduino are:
i) Inexpensive - Arduino boards are relatively inexpensive compared to other
microcontroller platforms. The least expensive version of the Arduino module can be
assembled by hand, and even the pre-assembled Arduino modules with lesser cost.
ii) Cross-platform - The Arduino Software (IDE) runs on Windows, Macintosh OSX,
and Linux operating systems. Most microcontroller systems are limited to Windows.
iii) Simple, clear programming environment - The Arduino Software (IDE) is easy-
to-use for beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users to take advantage
of as well.
iv) Open source and extensible software - The Arduino software is published as open-
source tools, available for extension by experienced programmers
v) Open source and extensible hardware - The plans of the Arduino boards are
published under a Creative Commons license, so experienced circuit designers can
make their own version of the module, extending it and improving it.
21. Write the features of Arduino. BL 1
The features of Arduino are:
i) Microcontroller ii) Operating Voltage iii) Input Voltage iv)
Digitial I/O pins v) SRAM vi) EEPROM
22. In what ways Raspberry Pi is better than Arduino? BL 1
The Raspberry Pi is better than Arduino in the following aspects:
i) Technical Specifications ii) Working Principle iii) Operating System iv)
Clock Speed v) Power Management
23. Why is Linux used as OS platform in Raspberry Pi? BL 1
Linux is an open-source operating system intended with retro gaming in mind. While
it may operate on standard computer systems, it is specifically designed for various
minicomputers such as the Odroids and Raspberry Pis. This property makes it versatile and
dynamically applicable to any PC or laptop hardware. This adaptability reveals its other
design and development goal: its use in operating minicomputers like the Raspberry Pi and
Arduino. It provides simple plug-and-play support for Raspberry Pi.

24 Provide any four features of Python that could be used for implementation of BL2
IoT.
Some of the features of Python that could be implemented in IOT are as follows:
i. Easy to code: With the clear syntax developers get an idea on code
identification instead of {};
ii. Interpreted Language: Python runs on interpreter system. The code can be
executed as soon as it is written. Prototyping can be very quick.
iii. Embeddable: Python allows integration with other languages. It is possible to put
our code in other programming languages like C++ etc.

PART-B
1. Elaborate on the process of logical design utilizing the Python programming BL 4
language.
2. Describe how Python is used in the logical design of IoT systems. Provide examples of BL 4
Python libraries and frameworks commonly employed in IoT development.

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3. Analyze the key advantages of using a Raspberry Pi for IoT projects compared to other BL 4
microcontrollers. Provide specific use cases to support your analysis.
4. Analyze the role of various interfaces on a Raspberry Pi (e.g., GPIO, HDMI, and USB) in BL 4
IoT projects. Provide real-world examples of how these interfaces are used in different
applications.
5. Discuss the advantages and challenges of running Linux on a Raspberry Pi for IoT BL 4
projects. How does the choice of the Linux distribution impact IoT development?
6. In an industrial IoT setting, explain the role of physical devices and endpoints. How do thse BL 4
components contribute to the collection and transmission of data?
7. Analyze the essential building blocks of an IoT device. How do components like sensors, BL 4
actuators, and microcontrollers come together to create a functional IoT device?
8. Explain the significance of Python as a programming language for Raspberry Pi- based IoT BL 4
projects. Discuss the benefits and limitations of using Python for IoT development.

9. Compare and contrast different Raspberry Pi board models in terms of their BL 4

hardware specifications. Explain which board is suitable for specific IoT
applications and why? (Apr 2023)
10. Compare the Arduino and Raspberry Pi platforms for IoT development. In what BL 4
scenarios would you choose Arduino over Raspberry Pi, and vice versa?
11. Write a program to blink multiple LEDs at different time intervals and to read their BL 3
status through serial port using Arduino IDE. (Apr 2023)
12. Write a Python script for Raspberry Pi that captures a photo using a USB camera BL 3
when the script is run. Share the code for taking a picture using the camera.
13. Using Python on Raspberry Pi, write a program to turn an LED on and off by BL 3
controlling a GPIO pin. Share the Python code for this simple GPIO control task.
PART –C
14. Create an Arduino program to read data from a temperature sensor (e.g., DHT11 or BL 6

DS18B20) and display the temperature in Celsius. Share the Arduino sketch.
15. Design a creative IoT project that combines both Arduino and Raspberry Pi to create BL 6

a sustainable, energy-efficient smart home. How would these platforms work

together to optimize energy consumption and environmental impact?
UNIT V CASE STUDIES AND REAL-WORLD APPLICATIONS

Real world design constraints - Applications - Asset management, Industrial automation, smart grid,
Commercial building automation, Smart cities - participatory sensing - Data Analytics for IoT– Software &
Management Tools for IoT Cloud Storage Models & Communication APIs - Cloud for IoT - Amazon Web
Services for IoT

PART-A
1. State the benefits of IoT in asset management. BL 1
i) Device management
ii) Responsive, scalable connectivity iii)
Secure Communication
iv) Storage and access to data

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2. What are the issues in the design of real-world constraints of IoT applications? BL 1
i) Addressing and sensing ii) Networking issue
ii) Routing protocol issue iv) Standardization issue
v) Software and Algorithm issue vi) Power and storage constraint vii)
Hardware issue
3. Name some of the real-world applications of IoT. (Apr 2023) BL 1
Some of the real world applications of IoT are:
i) Asset management ii) Industrial Automation iii) Smart grid iv)
Commercial building automation v) Smart cities
4. What is smart grid in IoT? BL 1
IoT employs a variety of smart devices to sense and identify physical world. Power Internet
of Things (PIoT) is the application of IoT in smart grid. PIoT can achieve reliable
information transmission through wired or wireless communication network and smart
information processing in power grid system. The Smart grid has been promoted as a
promising solution for minimizing the wastage of electrical energy and as a means to
solve the problems of traditional power grids, making possible advances in efficiency,
effectiveness, reliability, security, stability, and increasing demand of electrical energy.
5. What does building automation refers to? BL 1
Building automation is the automatic centralized control of a building's heating,
ventilation and air conditioning, lighting and other systems through a building
management system or building automation system (BAS). The objectives of
building automation are improved occupant comfort, efficient operation of building
systems, reduction in energy consumption and operating costs, and improved life cycle of
6. utilities.
What are the applications of building automation? BL 1
Building automation is an example of a distributed control system the computer
networking of electronic devices designed to monitor and control the mechanical,
security, fire and flood safety, lighting (especially emergency lighting), HVAC and
humidity control and ventilation systems in a building.
7. What does Smart city application refers to? BL 1
A smart city is an urban area that uses different types of electronic data collection
sensors to supply information which is used to manage assets and resources efficiently.
This includes data collected from citizens, devices, and assets that is processed and
analyzed to monitor and manage traffic and transportation systems, power plants, water
supply networks, waste management, law enforcement, information systems, schools,
libraries, hospitals, and other community services.

8. Define WAMP. BL 1
Web Application Messaging Protocol (WAMP) is a sub protocol of web socket which
provides publish-subscribe and remote procedure call (RPC) messaging patterns. WAMP
enables distributed application architectures where the application components and
distributed on multiple nodes and communicate with the messaging patterns provided by
WAMP.

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9. What is participatory sensing? BL 1
Participatory sensing is the concept of communities (or other groups of people)
contributing sensory information to form a body of knowledge. A growth in mobile
devices, for example Smartphones, Tablet computers or Activity trackers, which have
multiple sensors, has made participatory sensing viable in the large-scale. Participatory
sensing can be used to retrieve information about the environment, weather, urban
mobility, congestion as well as any other sensory information that forms knowledge.
10. What are Amazon Web services for IoT? (Apr 2023) BL 1
Some of the Web services for IoT from Amazon are listed as below:
i) Amazon EC2 ii) Amazon Auto Scaling iii) Amazon S3
iv) Amazon RDS v) Amazon Dynamo DB vi) Amazon Kinesis vii)
Amazon SQS viii) Amazon EMR
11. What is Xively Cloud for IoT? BL 1
Xively is a commercial platform-as-a service that can be used for creating solutions for
internet of things. With Xively cloud, IoT developers can focus on the front-end
infrastructure and device for IoT, while the backend data collection infrastructure is
managed by Xively.

12. What is Amazon EC2? BL 1

Amazon EC2 is an Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) provided by amazon. Ec2
delivers scalable, pay-as-you-go compute capacity in the cloud. EC2 is a web service that
provides computing capacity in the form of virtual machine that are launched in Amazon’s
cloud computing environment.

13. What is skynet IoT Messaging Platform? BL 1

SkyNet is an open-source instant messaging platform for internet of things. The SkyNet
API supports both HTTP REST and real-time web sockets. SkyNet allows us to register
devices on network. A deice can be anything including sensors, smart home devices, cloud
resources, drones etc.
14. What are the major advantages of using automation in industries? BL 1
The major advantages of using automation in industries are:
i) Reduced direct human labor costs and expenses ii)
Increased productivity.
iii) Enhanced consistency of processes or product iv)
Delivery of quality products.
15. Why using Android is not feasible in industrial automation? BL 1
Using Android in industrial automation is not feasible due to various reasons. Here are
some of them:
i) Future expansion as Android is not modular ii)
Ruggedness and environmental factors
iii) Android cannot handle sizable and complex systems iv)
Not reliable
v) You cannot guarantee the safety of the process.

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16. What is IoT cloud storage? BL 1
An IoT cloud is a massive network that supports IoT devices and applications. This
includes the underlying infrastructure, servers and storage, needed for real-time operations
and processing.

17. What are the types of cloud computing? BL 1

Most cloud computing services fall into five broad categories:
i) Software as a service (SaaS)
ii) Platform as a service (PaaS)
iii) Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
iv) Anything/Everything as a service (XaaS)
v) Function as a Service (FaaS)
18. What are the two kinds of IoT Software architectures? BL 1
In general, there are two kinds of IoT software architectures:
Cloud-centric: Data from IoT devices such as sensors are streamed to a data centre where
all the applications that do the analytics and decision making are executed, using real-time
and past data from one or more sources. Servers in the cloud control the edge devices too.
Device-centric: All the data is processed in the device (sensor nodes, mobile
devices, edge gateways), with only some minimal interactions with the cloud for firmware
updates or provisioning. Terms such Edge Computing and Fog Computing are
used in this case.
19. How is an IoT cloud platform different from traditional cloud infrastructure? BL 2
The traditional cloud infrastructure focuses on a model of cloud computing where a shared
pool of hardware and software resources are made available for on-demand access in such
a way that they can be easily and rapidly provisioned and released with minimal effort.
IoT Cloud Platform extends this capability to resources that are more user-centric, which
increases the count and scale of data and devices. The cloud platform services can
not only process big data from a wider set of IoT devices, but also provides a
smart way to provision and manage each of them in an efficient manner. This also includes
fine-grained control, configuration and management of IoT devices.

20. What are the key features of an IoT cloud platform? BL 2

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21. List out some of applications of IOT for environment benefits. BL 1
Some of the IOT applications for environment benefits are:

i) Weather Monitoring ii) Air pollution monitoring iii)

Noise pollution monitoring iv) Forest Fire detection
v) River flood detection

22. What are the Different Operating Standards for Home Automation BL 1
Technology?
The primary operating standards for home automation technology are Wi-Fi, Z- Wave,
Zigbee, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), and Thread. Older home automation standards, or
protocols, include X10, Insteon, and Universal Powerline Bus (UPB).

23. What Is IoT Data Collection? BL 1

IoT data collection involves the use of sensors to track the performance of
devices connected to the Internet of Things. The sensors track the status of the IoT
network by collecting and transmitting real-time data that is stored and retrieved at any
24. moment
What areinthe
time.
categories of IoT devices? BL 1
The categories of IoT devices are:
i) A built-in chip-like unique identifier (or UUID) placed inside of a device.
ii) An identifier that depends on radio IoT data collection systems, for instance—
Wi-Fi MAC, Bluetooth, and so forth.
iii) An identifier located inside the system’s programmable non-volatile memory

25. What are the challenges of IoT Data Collection? BL 1

(EEPROM).
The challenges of IoT data collections are listed as below:
i) Security
iv) ii) Compatibility
A Refresh/Bearer token. iii) Large Datasets iv) Consistency

26. State the importance of IoT Data Collection. BL 1

The importance of IoT data collections are:
i) Better User Experience ii) Asset Maintenance iii) Efficient use of
Resources iv) Synergy in Systems.
27. What are some algorithms or techniques used in IoT analytics? BL 1
Some of the algorithms or techniques used in IoT analytics are:
InfluxDB, Timescale, Prometheus, Redis, Kdb+, RRDtool, Amazon
Timestream, and more. Moreover, IoT leverages many big data
technologies including Apache Hadoop, Apache Spark, Apache
28. What are the
Storm, SAPmajor
HANA,barriers
Apacheto Drill,
adopting IoT analytics?
and more. BL 1
Data privacy is a concern for end users. Data from their devices may reveal
personal information directly or via analytics. Those who collect the data don't always
clarify how it will be stored, secured, shared or used.
Real-time analytics itself is a challenge due to large volumes of data that demand fast
processing and high amounts of storage.
Regulations about data use are not transparent. The legal framework to handle data
theft or misuse is also not mature.

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29 What is AWS IoT? BL 1
AWS IoT provides secure, bi-directional communication between Internet-connected
devices (such as sensors, actuators, embedded devices, or smart appliances) and the AWS
cloud. You can discover your custom IoT-Data endpoint to communicate with, configure
rules for data processing and integration with other services, organize resources associated
with each device (Registry), configure logging, and create and manage policies and
credentials to authenticate devices.

30 What is AWS IoT Data? BL 1

AWS IoT data enables secure, bi-directional communication between Internet-connected
things (such as sensors, actuators, embedded devices, or smart appliances) and the AWS
cloud. It implements a broker for applications and things to publish messages over HTTP
(Publish) and retrieve, update, and delete shadows. A shadow is a persistent representation
of your things and their state in the AWS cloud.
31 What is Azure IoT Edge service? BL 1
Azure IoT Service is Free but requires Azure IoT Hub for the secure management of
devices. Choosing to access Azure services (Modules) with IoT Edge you are billed for the
specific service based on its billing model for use on the edge.

32 What are the Benefits of Azure IoT? BL 1

Azure provides two ways of communication using advanced hub capabilities, we can create
complex IoT solutions at scale. For example, complex software for managing industrial
machinery, monitoring premises in offices, and maintaining smart homes
33 What is the best use of Azure? BL 1
Azure is also commonly used as a platform for hosting databases in the cloud . Microsoft
offers serverless relational databases such as Azure SQL and non-relational databases such
as NoSQL. In addition, the platform is frequently used for backup and disaster recovery.

34 Which software is used in IoT? BL 1

The platform is based on Node. js and combines reactive programming, WebSockets and
REST APIs. Zetta server can run in the cloud or locally on hardware such as Raspberry Pi
or Intel Edison.

35 What is the role of MQTT in AWS IoT? BL 1

The MQTT test client page in the AWS IoT console can subscribe and publish to MQTT
topics. The publish option lets you set the RETAIN flag on the messages that need to
publish to simulate how the devices might behave.

[Link]’s College of Engineering Page 27

 CS1704 - Internet of Things Department of CSE 2024-2025
36. What is AWS IoT Core Device Location? BL 1
The AWS IoT Core Device Location feature, review the Terms and Conditions for this
feature. Note that AWS may transmit geolocation search request parameters, such as the
locationtodata
37 When usedAWS
use the to run
IoTsearches, and other information to your chosen third party data BL2
Device Client?
provider,
The AWS which may be
IoT Device outside
Client is aofreference
the AWSimplementation,
Region that areand
currently [Link] to create an
the easiest
IoT proof-of-concept (PoC). It provides an easy way to connect a fleet of devices to the
internet, and route IoT data to AWS. it enables you to operate, manage, and control your
fleets,
PART-B

1. Formulate an industrial application of IoT system and brief about the various smart city BL 4
applications. (Apr 2023)

2. Formulate an industrial application of IoT system and brief about the various smart city
applications. (Apr 2023)

3. Brief about the case study on home automation system of IoT and explain the BL 3
architecture and technology needed. (Apr 2023)
4. In the context of asset management, explain how IoT can be applied to track and manage BL 3
high-value assets efficiently. Provide an example from an industry where this is crucial.

5. Discuss the benefits of commercial building automation using IoT technology. How can BL 4
smart systems enhance energy efficiency and occupant comfort in office buildings?
6. Analyze the importance of a smart grid in modern energy management. How does IoT BL 4
contribute to the efficiency, sustainability, and reliability of the smart grid infrastructure?
7. Explain the concept of participatory sensing in the context of smart cities. How can BL 4
citizens actively contribute to data collection and urban planning through IoT?
8. Explain about Apache OOzie, Apache spark and Apache Storm. BL 4
9. Explain the different cloud storage models (e.g., public, private, hybrid) and communication BL 4
APIs used in IoT. How do these technologies facilitate data storage and exchange in IoT
10. Explore the role of Amazon Web Services (AWS) in IoT applications. How does
ecosystems? BL 4
AWS IoT provide a scalable and secure cloud platform for IoT deployments?
11. Discuss the concept of a data lake architecture on AWS using Hadoop. How does it enable BL 4
organizations to store, process, and analyze vast amounts of diverse data?
12. Explain the role of Amazon EMR (Elastic Map Reduce) in the context of Hadoop. How BL 4
does it simplify big data processing tasks?
13. Analyze the security measures in place in AWS IoT. How does AWS IoT ensure secure BL 4
device communication, data encryption, and access control?
Design a creative IoT scenario where AWS IoT is used in conjunction with edge computing BL6
devices (e.g., IoT gateways). How does this architecture improve real- time decision-making
for IoT applications?
15. Develop an IoT application that uses AWS IoT to monitor and control renewable energy BL6
sources like solar panels and wind turbines. How can this technology contribute to
sustainable energy practices?

[Link]’s College of Engineering Page 28