### Set 1:

1. Which component is responsible for executing instructions of a computer system?

- A) RAM
- B) CPU
- C) GPU
- D) HDD
- **Answer: B) CPU**

2. What type of storage is an SSD?

- A) Volatile
- B) Non-volatile
- C) Magnetic
- D) Optical
- **Answer: B) Non-volatile**

3. The process of starting a computer is called?

- A) Rebooting
- B) Powering up
- C) Booting
- D) Starting
- **Answer: C) Booting**

4. What does "Simplex" refer to in networking?

- A) Full duplex communication
- B) Half duplex communication
- C) One-way communication
- D) Two-way communication
- **Answer: C) One-way communication**

5. In computing, what does ROM stand for?

- A) Read Only Memory
- B) Random Output Memory
- C) Read Once Memory
- D) Random Only Memory
- **Answer: A) Read Only Memory**

6. Which unit is an output device?

- A) Keyboard
- B) Monitor
- C) Scanner
- D) Microphone
- **Answer: B) Monitor**

7. Which of the following is a volatile memory?

- A) ROM
- B) HDD
- C) RAM
- D) SSD
- **Answer: C) RAM**
8. Which of these operating systems is NOT based on the Linux kernel?
- A) Ubuntu
- B) Fedora
- C) Windows
- D) CentOS
- **Answer: C) Windows**

9. What does the term 'bit' stand for in computing?

- A) Binary Unit
- B) Binary Digit
- C) Basic Information Transfer
- D) Binary Interval Time
- **Answer: B) Binary Digit**

10. Which is a feature of the FAT32 file system compared to NTFS?

- A) Support for file compression
- B) Support for large file sizes
- C) Support for file-level security
- D) Support for partition sizes larger than 32GB
- **Answer: D) Support for partition sizes larger than 32GB**

### Set 2:
11. Which attribute specifies the path to the image?
- A) src
- B) href
- C) path
- D) link
- **Answer: A) src**

12. Which protocol is used to assign IP addresses automatically?

- A) DNS
- B) DHCP
- C) TCP
- D) FTP
- **Answer: B) DHCP**

13. Which device forwards data packets between computer networks?

- A) Modem
- B) Router
- C) Switch
- D) Hub
- **Answer: B) Router**

14. In a WLAN, what does the acronym WEP stand for?

- A) Wireless Encryption Protocol
- B) Wired Equivalent Privacy
- C) Wireless Enhanced Protection
- D) Wireless Entry Point
- **Answer: B) Wired Equivalent Privacy**
15. What layer of the OSI model ensures reliable data delivery with error checking and flow
- A) Network Layer
- B) Data Link Layer
- C) Transport Layer
- D) Presentation Layer
- **Answer: C) Transport Layer**

16. Shortcut to start the presentation from the current slide is:
- A) F5
- B) F7
- C) F9
- D) F11
- **Answer: A) F5**

17. Convert decimal 125 to hexadecimal.

- A) 7D
- B) 5D
- C) 9D
- D) AD
- **Answer: A) 7D**

18. What is the main difference between an assembler and a compiler?

- A) Assembler converts high-level language to machine code, while compiler converts assembly language
to machine code.
- B) Assembler converts assembly language to machine code, while compiler converts high-level language
to machine code.
- C) Assembler converts machine code to assembly language, while compiler converts machine code to
high-level language.
- D) Assembler converts machine code to high-level language, while compiler converts machine code to
assembly language.
- **Answer: B) Assembler converts assembly language to machine code, while compiler converts high-level
language to machine code.**

19. Convert the infix expression AB+C to postfix.

- A) ABC+*
- B) AB+C+
- C) AB+C*
- D) AB+C-
- Answer: A) ABC+*

20. What is typically the first step in the process of creating an algorithm?
- A) Writing the code
- B) Analyzing the problem
- C) Testing the solution
- D) Debugging the program
- **Answer: B) Analyzing the problem**

### Set 3:
21. In MS Excel, which function finds the highest number in a range of cells?
 - A) MAX()
- B) MIN()
- C) AVG()
- D) SUM()
- **Answer: A) MAX()**

22. How do you track changes in an MS Word document?

- A) Track Changes feature
- B) Review Changes feature
- C) Markup Changes feature
- D) Highlight Changes feature
- **Answer: A) Track Changes feature**

23. What feature in PowerPoint can you use to create dynamic slide shows?
- A) Animation
- B) Transitions
- C) Templates
- D) SmartArt
- **Answer: B) Transitions**

24. Which of the following is not a component of Microsoft Office Suite?

- A) Excel
- B) Outlook
- C) Access
- D) Photoshop
- **Answer: D) Photoshop**

25. In MS Access, which data type would you select for a field that stores web addresses?
- A) Text
- B) Hyperlink
- C) Memo
- D) URL
- **Answer: B) Hyperlink**

26. Notepad supports which of the following features?

- A) Syntax highlighting
- B) Spell check
- C) AutoSave
- D) Track Changes
- **Answer: A) Syntax highlighting**

27. What is refactoring in software engineering?

- A) Rewriting code to improve its structure without changing its external behavior
- B) Testing code to ensure it works as expected
- C) Fixing bugs in code
- D) Adding new features to code
- **Answer: A)

Rewriting code to improve its structure without changing its external behavior**
28. In DBMS, SQL stands for?
- A) Secure Query Language
- B) Standard Query Language
- C) Structured Query Language
- D) Server Query Language
- **Answer: C) Structured Query Language**

29. In Linux, how do you check the permissions of a file?

- A) ls
- B) chmod
- C) grep
- D) ps
- **Answer: A) ls**

30. In object-oriented programming, encapsulation refers to:

- A) Hiding the implementation details of an object's internal state
- B) Creating multiple objects from a single class
- C) Grouping data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit
- D) Allowing one object to inherit the properties and methods of another object
- **Answer: A) Hiding the implementation details of an object's internal state**

### Set 4:
31. A database administrator needs to ensure that no unauthorized user can access sensitive
salary information stored in a database. Which of the following is the best method to ensure data
- A) Encryption
- B) Access Control
- C) Data Masking
- D) Data Obfuscation
- **Answer: B) Access Control**

32. A company is experiencing intermittent network outages, and the IT department suspects
there is an issue with IP address conflicts. What network tool can be used to identify IP conflicts
- A) Ping
- B) Traceroute
- C) ipconfig
- D) ARP
- **Answer: D) ARP**

33. A user reports that their PC boots into the Advanced Boot Options screen after an update.
What is the first course of action to try and resolve this issue?
- A) System Restore
- B) Safe Mode
- C) Last Known Good Configuration
- D) Startup Repair
- **Answer: C) Last Known Good Configuration**

34. Which modification should be made to the following loop to ensure it executes exactly three
```c
int i = 0;
 while (i < 3) {
printf("Hello, World!\n");
}
```
- A) Change the condition to `i <= 3`
- B) Change the condition to `i == 3`
- C) Add `i++` inside the loop
- D) Remove the loop
- **Answer: C) Add `i++` inside the loop**

35. An analyst needs to pull data from a large spreadsheet where the data spans from column A
to column G, but only for records where column G equals "Approved". What Excel feature allows
for filtering data based on specific criteria in one column?
- A) Sort
- B) Pivot Table
- C) Filter
- D) Conditional Formatting
- **Answer: C) Filter**

### Set 5:
36. A network manager needs to set up a secure network for transmitting sensitive data between
two corporate buildings. Which networking technology provides a secure connection over a
- A) VPN (Virtual Private Network)
- B) LAN (Local Area Network)
- C) WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)
- D) WAN (Wide Area Network)
- **Answer: A) VPN (Virtual Private Network)**

37. What SQL statement is used to remove duplicates from the result set of a SELECT query?
- A) DELETE
- B) DROP
- C) DISTINCT
- D) UNIQUE
- **Answer: C) DISTINCT**

38. An application on a Windows 10 machine is not responding, and the user cannot close the
window. What is the most immediate action to take in this situation?
- A) Restart the computer
- B) Use Task Manager to end the application process
- C) Disconnect the computer from the network
- D) Shut down the computer using the power button
- **Answer: B) Use Task Manager to end the application process**

39. Scenario: You want to add a header to each page of your MS Word document that includes
the document title.
Question: What is the correct sequence of steps to add a header in MS Word using keyboard shortcuts?
i. Open your document in MS Word.
ii. Press ALT + N to open the Insert tab.
iii. Press H to open the Header drop-down menu.
 iv. Choose a header style or edit your header content as needed.
Select the correct order:
- A) i, ii, iii, iv
- B) ii, iii, i, iv
- C) i, iii, ii, iv
- D) iii, i, iv, ii
- **Answer: D) iii, i, iv, ii**

40. Which ACID property of a DBMS ensures that once a transaction has been committed, it will
remain so, even in the event of power loss, crashes, or errors?
- A) Atomicity
- B) Consistency
- C) Isolation
- D) Durability
- **Answer: D) Durability**

### Set 2:
41. Which of the following is a cloud computing service that provides virtual servers on the
- A) AWS
- B) DNS
- C) HTML
- D) FTP
- **Answer: A) AWS**

42. What is the purpose of a firewall in a computer network?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access
- B) To increase internet speed
- C) To store backup data
- D) To manage emails
- **Answer: A) To prevent unauthorized access**

43. Which programming language is commonly used for developing web applications?
- A) Java
- B) C++
- C) Python
- D) Swift
- **Answer: A) Java**

44. What does HTML stand for in web development?

- A) Hyperlinks and Text Markup Language
- B) Hyper Text Markup Language
- C) High-level Text Markup Language
- D) Hyper Transfer Markup Language
- **Answer: B) Hyper Text Markup Language**

45. What is the purpose of CSS in web development?

- A) To create interactive web pages
- B) To define the structure of a web page
- C) To store data on the server
 - D) To style the layout of a web page
- **Answer: D) To style the layout of a web page**

46. Which of the following is NOT a valid data type in Python?

- A) Integer
- B) String
- C) Float
- D) Character
- **Answer: D) Character**

47. What does the SQL command "SELECT * FROM table_name;" do?
- A) Deletes all records from the table
- B) Inserts a new record into the table
- C) Retrieves all records from the table
- D) Updates all records in the table
- **Answer: C) Retrieves all records from the table**

48. What does the acronym "URL" stand for?

- A) Uniform Resource Locator
- B) Universal Record Locator
- C) Unified Resource Language
- D) Universal Resource Language
- **Answer: A) Uniform Resource Locator**

49. Which of the following is NOT a valid data type in JavaScript?

- A) Number
- B) Boolean
- C) Text
- D) Object
- **Answer: C) Text**

50. What does the acronym "LAN" stand for?

- A) Large Area Network
- B) Local Area Network
- C) Long-range Area Network
- D) Low-level Access Network
- **Answer: B) Local Area Network**

51. Which of the following is an example of an input device?

- A) Monitor
- B) Printer
- C) Keyboard
- D) Speaker
- **Answer: C) Keyboard**

52. What is the function of the CPU (Central Processing Unit) in a computer?
- A) Stores data for later use
- B) Performs calculations and processes data
- C) Displays output on the screen
- D) Provides power to the computer
 - **Answer: B) Performs calculations and processes data**

53. What is the purpose of an operating system?

- A) To manage hardware resources and provide a user interface
- B) To create documents and presentations
- C) To browse the internet
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: A) To manage hardware resources and provide a user interface**

54. Which of the following is a function of the RAM (Random Access Memory)?
- A) Stores the operating system
- B) Provides long-term storage for files
- C) Stores frequently used programs and data for quick access by the CPU
- D) Controls the input and output devices
- **Answer: C) Stores frequently used programs and data for quick access by the CPU**

55. Which file extension is commonly used for a Microsoft Word document?
- A) .doc
- B) .xls
- C) .ppt
- D) .pdf
- **Answer: A) .doc**

56. What is the function of a modem?

- A) Converts digital signals to analog signals for transmission over telephone lines
- B) Connects multiple computers in a network
- C) Stores data for later use
- D) Displays output on the screen
- **Answer: A) Converts digital signals to analog signals for transmission over telephone lines**

57. What does FTP stand for in computer networking?

- A) File Transfer Protocol
- B) File Testing Protocol
- C) Fast Transmission Protocol
- D) File Transport Protocol
- **Answer: A) File Transfer Protocol**

58. Which of the following is NOT a valid programming language?

- A) Java
- B) HTML
- C) Python
- D) Ruby
- **Answer: B) HTML**

59. What is the purpose of a network router?

- A) Connects multiple computers in a network
- B) Converts digital signals to analog signals
- C) Forwards data packets between computer networks
- D) Stores data for later use
- **Answer: C) Forwards data packets between computer networks**
60. What does DNS stand for in computer networking?
- A) Domain Name System
- B) Digital Network Security
- C) Dynamic Network Server
- D) Distributed Network Service
- **Answer: A) Domain Name System**

### Set 3:
61. What is the purpose of an IP address?
- A) To identify a specific website
- B) To identify a specific computer or device on a network
- C) To send emails
- D) To store data
- **Answer: B) To identify a specific computer or device on a network**

62. What is the function of the GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) in a computer?
- A) Provides power to the computer
- B) Stores data for later use
- C) Performs calculations related to graphics and video
- D) Controls the input and output devices
- **Answer: C) Performs calculations related to graphics and video**

63. Which of the following is a function of the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)?
- A) Manages hardware resources and provides a user interface
- B) Stores frequently used programs and data for quick access by the CPU
- C) Controls the input and output devices
- D) Performs initial hardware checks and starts the operating system
- **Answer: D) Performs initial hardware checks and starts the operating system**

64. What does USB stand for in computer hardware?

- A) Universal Serial Bus
- B) Unified Storage Block
- C) User System Backup
- D) Universal Software Backup
- **Answer: A) Universal Serial Bus**

65. Which of the following is a function of the power supply

unit in a computer?
- A) Performs calculations and processes data
- B) Provides power to the computer
- C) Controls the input and output devices
- D) Stores frequently used programs and data for quick access by the CPU
- **Answer: B) Provides power to the computer**

66. What is the purpose of a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) in a computer system?
- A) Provides power to the computer in case of a power outage
- B) Stores data for later use
- C) Controls the input and output devices
 - D) Performs calculations and processes data
- **Answer: A) Provides power to the computer in case of a power outage**

67. What does RAID stand for in computer storage?

- A) Redundant Array of Independent Disks
- B) Random Access Integrated Drive
- C) Read and Identify Disk
- D) Rapid Access and Information Delivery
- **Answer: A) Redundant Array of Independent Disks**

68. Which of the following is a type of computer network that covers a large geographical area?
- A) LAN (Local Area Network)
- B) WAN (Wide Area Network)
- C) WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)
- D) MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
- **Answer: B) WAN (Wide Area Network)**

69. What does HTTP stand for in web development?

- A) HyperText Transfer Protocol
- B) HyperText Transport Protocol
- C) High-level Transfer Protocol
- D) High-level Transport Protocol
- **Answer: A) HyperText Transfer Protocol**

70. Which of the following is NOT a web browser?

- A) Chrome
- B) Firefox
- C) Windows Explorer
- D) Safari
- **Answer: C) Windows Explorer**

71. What is the purpose of a URL (Uniform Resource Locator)?

- A) To identify a specific computer or device on a network
- B) To store data for later use
- C) To identify a specific website or resource on the internet
- D) To perform calculations and process data
- **Answer: C) To identify a specific website or resource on the internet**

72. Which of the following is a function of a web server?

- A) To browse the internet
- B) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- C) To store and organize data
- D) To create documents and presentations
- **Answer: B) To provide web pages to clients over the internet**

73. What is the purpose of a domain name?

- A) To identify a specific computer or device on a network
- B) To identify a specific website or resource on the internet
- C) To store data for later use
- D) To perform calculations and process data
 - **Answer: B) To identify a specific website or resource on the internet**

74. Which of the following is NOT a valid domain name extension?

- A) .com
- B) .net
- C) .org
- D) .exe
- **Answer: D) .exe**

75. What is the purpose of a search engine?

- A) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- B) To identify a specific website or resource on the internet
- C) To store and organize data
- D) To help users find information on the internet
- **Answer: D) To help users find information on the internet**

### Set 4:
76. Which of the following is NOT a valid email protocol?
- A) SMTP
- B) POP3
- C) HTTP
- D) IMAP
- **Answer: C) HTTP**

77. What is the purpose of an email client?

- A) To create and send emails
- B) To store and organize emails
- C) To browse the internet
- D) To store data for later use
- **Answer: A) To create and send emails**

78. Which of the following is a function of a spreadsheet program?

- A) To create and edit text documents
- B) To create and edit presentations
- C) To store and organize data in rows and columns
- D) To browse the internet
- **Answer: C) To store and organize data in rows and columns**

79. Which of the following is a function of a word processing program?

- A) To create and edit text documents
- B) To create and edit presentations
- C) To store and organize data in rows and columns
- D) To browse the internet
- **Answer: A) To create and edit text documents**

80. What is the purpose of a data backup?

- A) To browse the internet
- B) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- C) To store a copy of important data in case of data loss
- D) To create and send emails
 - **Answer: C) To store a copy of important data in case of data loss**

81. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of data backup?

- A) Full backup
- B) Incremental backup
- C) External backup
- D) Differential backup
- **Answer: C) External backup**

82. What is the purpose of a firewall in computer security?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To store and organize data
- C) To create and send emails
- D) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- **Answer: A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network**

83. What is the purpose of antivirus software?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To store and organize data
- C) To protect against computer viruses and malware
- D) To create and send emails
- **Answer: C) To protect against computer viruses and malware**

84. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of computer virus?

- A) Trojan horse
- B) Spyware
- C) Worm
- D) BIOS
- **Answer: D) BIOS**

85. What is the purpose of encryption in computer security?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To protect data from unauthorized access by converting it into a coded form
- C) To create and send emails
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: B) To protect data from unauthorized access by converting it into a coded form**

86. What is the purpose of a VPN (Virtual Private Network)?

- A) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- B) To store and organize data
- C) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- D) To create a secure connection over a public network
- **Answer: D) To create a secure connection over

a public network**

87. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of cyberattack?

- A) Phishing
- B) Spam
- C) Denial-of-service (DoS)
 - D) Malware
- **Answer: B) Spam**

88. What is the purpose of biometric authentication?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To protect data from unauthorized access by converting it into a coded form
- C) To authenticate a user's identity based on their unique physical characteristics
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To authenticate a user's identity based on their unique physical characteristics**

89. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of biometric authentication?

- A) Fingerprint recognition
- B) Face recognition
- C) Voice recognition
- D) Password recognition
- **Answer: D) Password recognition**

90. What is the purpose of a CAPTCHA?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To authenticate a user's identity based on their unique physical characteristics
- C) To protect against automated attacks by distinguishing between humans and computers
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To protect against automated attacks by distinguishing between humans and computers**

### Set 5:
91. What is the purpose of metadata in a computer file?
- A) To authenticate a user's identity
- B) To store and organize data
- C) To provide additional information about the file
- D) To create and send emails
- **Answer: C) To provide additional information about the file**

92. Which of the following is a valid type of metadata?

- A) Author
- B) Date created
- C) File size
- D) All of the above
- **Answer: D) All of the above**

93. What is the purpose of a version control system?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and send emails
- C) To manage changes to computer files over time
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To manage changes to computer files over time**

94. Which of the following is a function of a version control system?

- A) Track changes to computer files over time
- B) Provide web pages to clients over the internet
- C) Store and organize data
 - D) Prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- **Answer: A) Track changes to computer files over time**

95. What is the purpose of cloud storage services?

- A) To store and organize data on local computer hard drives
- B) To create and send emails
- C) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- D) To store and organize data on remote servers accessible over the internet
- **Answer: D) To store and organize data on remote servers accessible over the internet**

96. Which of the following is NOT a valid cloud storage service?

- A) Google Drive
- B) Dropbox
- C) Microsoft Office
- D) Amazon S3
- **Answer: C) Microsoft Office**

97. What is the purpose of a spreadsheet program?

- A) To store and organize data in rows and columns
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To browse the internet
- D) To create and edit presentations
- **Answer: A) To store and organize data in rows and columns**

98. What is the purpose of a word processing program?

- A) To create and edit text documents
- B) To store and organize data in rows and columns
- C) To browse the internet
- D) To create and edit presentations
- **Answer: A) To create and edit text documents**

99. What is the purpose of a presentation program?

- A) To create and edit text documents
- B) To store and organize data in rows and columns
- C) To create and edit presentations
- D) To browse the internet
- **Answer: C) To create and edit presentations**

100. Which of the following is NOT a valid presentation program?

- A) Microsoft Excel
- B) Microsoft PowerPoint
- C) Google Slides
- D) Apple Keynote
- **Answer: A) Microsoft Excel**

101. What is the purpose of a web browser?

- A) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To store and organize data
 - D) To create and edit presentations
- **Answer: A) To provide web pages to clients over the internet**

102. Which of the following is NOT a web browser?

- A) Chrome
- B) Firefox
- C) Safari
- D) Microsoft Office
- **Answer: D) Microsoft Office**

103. What is the purpose of a search engine?

- A) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To help users find information on the internet
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To help users find information on the internet**

104. Which of the following is a function of a web server?

- A) To browse the internet
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To provide web pages to clients over the internet**

105. What is the purpose of a domain name?

- A) To identify a specific computer or device on a network
- B) To identify a specific website or resource on the internet
- C) To create and edit text documents
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: B) To identify a specific website or resource on the internet**

106. Which of the following is NOT a valid domain name extension?

- A) .com
- B) .net
- C) .exe
- D) .org
- **Answer: C) .exe**

107. What is the purpose of a URL (Uniform Resource Locator)?

- A) To create and edit text documents
- B) To identify a specific website or resource on the internet
- C) To store and organize data
- D) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- **Answer: B) To identify a specific website or resource on the internet**

108. Which of the following is a function of a presentation program?

- A) To create and edit text documents
- B) To store and organize data in rows and columns
- C) To create and edit presentations
- D) To browse the internet
 - **Answer: C) To create and edit presentations**

109. What is the purpose of cloud storage services?

- A) To create and edit text documents
- B) To store and organize data on remote servers accessible over the internet
- C) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- D) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- **Answer: B) To store and organize data on remote servers accessible over the internet**

110. What is the purpose of metadata in a computer file?

- A) To authenticate a user's identity
- B) To store and organize data
- C) To provide additional information about the file
- D) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- **Answer: C) To provide additional information about the file**

111. What is the purpose of a version control system?

- A) To create and edit text documents
- B) To manage changes to computer files over time
- C) To store and organize data
- D) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- **Answer: B) To manage changes to computer files over time**

112. What is the purpose of encryption in computer security?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To protect data from unauthorized access by converting it into a coded form
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To protect data from unauthorized access by converting it into a coded form**

113. What is the purpose of a VPN (Virtual Private Network)?

- A) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- B) To store and organize data
- C) To create a secure connection over a public network
- D) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- **Answer: C) To create a secure connection over a public network**

114. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of cyberattack?

- A) Phishing
- B) Spam
- C) Malware
- D) Virus
- **Answer: B) Spam**

115. What is the purpose of biometric authentication?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To authenticate a user's identity based on their unique physical characteristics
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To authenticate a user's identity based on their unique physical characteristics**
116. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of biometric authentication?
- A) Fingerprint recognition
- B) Face recognition
- C) Password recognition
- D) Voice recognition
- **Answer: C) Password recognition**

117. What is the purpose of a CAPTCHA?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To protect against automated attacks by distinguishing between humans and computers
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To protect against automated attacks by distinguishing between humans and computers**

118. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of backup?

- A) Full backup
- B) Incremental backup
- C) External backup
- D) Differential backup
- **Answer: C) External backup**

119. What is the purpose of a firewall in computer security?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To store and organize data
- D) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- **Answer: A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network**

120. What is the purpose of antivirus software?

- A) To create and edit text documents
- B) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- C) To protect against computer viruses and malware
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To protect against computer viruses and malware**

121. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of computer virus?

- A) Trojan horse
- B) Worm
- C) BIOS
- D) Spyware
- **Answer: C) BIOS**

122. What is the purpose of encryption in computer security?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and

edit text documents

- C) To protect data from unauthorized access by converting it into a coded form
- D) To store and organize data
 - **Answer: C) To protect data from unauthorized access by converting it into a coded form**

123. What is the purpose of a VPN (Virtual Private Network)?

- A) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- B) To store and organize data
- C) To create a secure connection over a public network
- D) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- **Answer: C) To create a secure connection over a public network**

124. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of cyberattack?

- A) Phishing
- B) Spam
- C) Malware
- D) Virus
- **Answer: B) Spam**

125. What is the purpose of biometric authentication?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To authenticate a user's identity based on their unique physical characteristics
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To authenticate a user's identity based on their unique physical characteristics**

126. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of biometric authentication?

- A) Fingerprint recognition
- B) Face recognition
- C) Password recognition
- D) Voice recognition
- **Answer: C) Password recognition**

127. What is the purpose of a CAPTCHA?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To protect against automated attacks by distinguishing between humans and computers
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To protect against automated attacks by distinguishing between humans and computers**

128. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of backup?

- A) Full backup
- B) Incremental backup
- C) External backup
- D) Differential backup
- **Answer: C) External backup**

129. What is the purpose of a firewall in computer security?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To store and organize data
- D) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- **Answer: A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network**
130. What is the purpose of antivirus software?
- A) To create and edit text documents
- B) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- C) To protect against computer viruses and malware
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To protect against computer viruses and malware**

131. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of computer virus?

- A) Trojan horse
- B) Worm
- C) BIOS
- D) Spyware
- **Answer: C) BIOS**

132. What is the purpose of encryption in computer security?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To protect data from unauthorized access by converting it into a coded form
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To protect data from unauthorized access by converting it into a coded form**

133. What is the purpose of a VPN (Virtual Private Network)?

- A) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- B) To store and organize data
- C) To create a secure connection over a public network
- D) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- **Answer: C) To create a secure connection over a public network**

134. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of cyberattack?

- A) Phishing
- B) Spam
- C) Malware
- D) Virus
- **Answer: B) Spam**

135. What is the purpose of biometric authentication?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To authenticate a user's identity based on their unique physical characteristics
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To authenticate a user's identity based on their unique physical characteristics**

136. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of biometric authentication?

- A) Fingerprint recognition
- B) Face recognition
- C) Password recognition
- D) Voice recognition
- **Answer: C) Password recognition**
137. What is the purpose of a CAPTCHA?
- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To protect against automated attacks by distinguishing between humans and computers
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To protect against automated attacks by distinguishing between humans and computers**

138. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of backup?

- A) Full backup
- B) Incremental backup
- C) External backup
- D) Differential backup
- **Answer: C) External backup**

139. What is the purpose of a firewall in computer security?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To store and organize data
- D) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- **Answer: A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network**

140. What is the purpose of antivirus software?

- A) To create and edit text documents
- B) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- C) To protect against computer viruses and malware
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To protect against computer viruses and malware**

141. What is the purpose of a web browser?

- A) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To store and organize data
- D) To create and edit presentations
- **Answer: A) To provide web pages to clients over the internet**

142. Which of the following is NOT a web browser?

- A) Chrome
- B) Firefox
- C) Safari
- D) Microsoft Office
- **Answer: D) Microsoft Office**

143. What is the purpose of a search engine?

- A) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To help users find information on the internet
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To help users find information on the internet**
144. Which of the following is a function of a web server?
- A) To browse the internet
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To provide web pages to clients over the internet**

145. What is the purpose of a domain name?

- A) To identify a specific computer or device on a network
- B) To identify a specific website or resource on the internet
- C) To create and edit text documents
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: B) To identify a specific website or resource on the internet**

146. Which of the following is NOT a valid domain name extension?

- A) .com
- B) .net
- C) .exe
- D) .org
- **Answer: C) .exe**

147. What is the purpose of a URL (Uniform Resource Locator)?

- A) To create and edit text documents
- B) To identify a specific website or resource on the internet
- C) To store and organize data
- D) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- **Answer: B) To identify a specific website or resource on the internet**

148. Which of the following is a function of a presentation program?

- A) To create and edit text documents
- B) To store and organize data in rows and columns
- C) To create and edit presentations
- D) To browse the internet
- **Answer: C) To create and edit presentations**

149. What is the purpose of cloud storage services?

- A) To create and edit text documents
- B) To store and organize data on remote servers accessible over the internet
- C) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- D) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- **Answer: B) To store and organize data on remote servers accessible over the internet**

150. What is the purpose of metadata in a computer file?

- A) To authenticate a user's identity
- B) To store and organize data
- C) To provide additional information about the file
- D) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- **Answer: C) To provide additional information about the file**
151. What is the purpose of a version control system?
- A) To create and edit text documents
- B) To manage changes to computer files over time
- C) To store and organize data
- D) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- **Answer: B) To manage changes to computer files over time**

152. What is the purpose of encryption in computer security?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To protect data from unauthorized access by converting it into a coded form
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To protect data from unauthorized access by converting it into a coded form**

153. What is the purpose of a VPN (Virtual Private Network)?

- A) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- B) To store and organize data
- C) To create a secure connection over a public network
- D) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- **Answer: C) To create a secure connection over a public network**

154. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of cyberattack?

- A) Phishing
- B) Spam
- C) Malware
- D) Virus
- **Answer: B) Spam**

155. What is the purpose of biometric authentication?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To authenticate a user's identity based on their unique physical characteristics
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To authenticate a user's identity based on their unique physical characteristics**

156. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of biometric authentication?

- A) Fingerprint recognition
- B) Face recognition
- C) Password recognition
- D) Voice recognition
- **Answer: C) Password recognition**

157. What is the purpose of a CAPTCHA?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To protect against automated attacks by distinguishing between humans and computers
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To protect against automated attacks by distinguishing between humans and computers**
158. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of backup?
- A) Full backup
- B) Incremental backup
- C) External backup
- D) Differential backup
- **Answer: C) External backup**

159. What is the purpose of a firewall in computer security?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To store and organize data
- D) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- **Answer: A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network**

160. What is the purpose of antivirus software?

- A) To create and edit text documents
- B) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- C) To protect against computer viruses and malware
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To protect against computer viruses and malware**

161. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of computer virus?

- A) Trojan horse
- B) Worm
- C) BIOS
- D) Spyware
- **Answer: C) BIOS**

162. What is the purpose of encryption in computer security?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and

edit text documents

- C) To protect data from unauthorized access by converting it into a coded form
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To protect data from unauthorized access by converting it into a coded form**

163. What is the purpose of a VPN (Virtual Private Network)?

- A) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- B) To store and organize data
- C) To create a secure connection over a public network
- D) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- **Answer: C) To create a secure connection over a public network**

164. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of cyberattack?

- A) Phishing
- B) Spam
- C) Malware
- D) Virus
- **Answer: B) Spam**
165. What is the purpose of biometric authentication?
- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To authenticate a user's identity based on their unique physical characteristics
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To authenticate a user's identity based on their unique physical characteristics**

166. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of biometric authentication?

- A) Fingerprint recognition
- B) Face recognition
- C) Password recognition
- D) Voice recognition
- **Answer: C) Password recognition**

167. What is the purpose of a CAPTCHA?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To protect against automated attacks by distinguishing between humans and computers
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To protect against automated attacks by distinguishing between humans and computers**

168. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of backup?

- A) Full backup
- B) Incremental backup
- C) External backup
- D) Differential backup
- **Answer: C) External backup**

169. What is the purpose of a firewall in computer security?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To store and organize data
- D) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- **Answer: A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network**

170. What is the purpose of antivirus software?

- A) To create and edit text documents
- B) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- C) To protect against computer viruses and malware
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To protect against computer viruses and malware**

171. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of computer virus?

- A) Trojan horse
- B) Worm
- C) BIOS
- D) Spyware
- **Answer: C) BIOS**
172. What is the purpose of encryption in computer security?
- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To protect data from unauthorized access by converting it into a coded form
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To protect data from unauthorized access by converting it into a coded form**

173. What is the purpose of a VPN (Virtual Private Network)?

- A) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- B) To store and organize data
- C) To create a secure connection over a public network
- D) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- **Answer: C) To create a secure connection over a public network**

174. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of cyberattack?

- A) Phishing
- B) Spam
- C) Malware
- D) Virus
- **Answer: B) Spam**

175. What is the purpose of biometric authentication?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To authenticate a user's identity based on their unique physical characteristics
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To authenticate a user's identity based on their unique physical characteristics**

176. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of biometric authentication?

- A) Fingerprint recognition
- B) Face recognition
- C) Password recognition
- D) Voice recognition
- **Answer: C) Password recognition**

177. What is the purpose of a CAPTCHA?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To protect against automated attacks by distinguishing between humans and computers
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To protect against automated attacks by distinguishing between humans and computers**

178. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of backup?

- A) Full backup
- B) Incremental backup
- C) External backup
- D) Differential backup
- **Answer: C) External backup**

179. What is the purpose of a firewall in computer security?

 - A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To store and organize data
- D) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- **Answer: A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network**

180. What is the purpose of antivirus software?

- A) To create and edit text documents
- B) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- C) To protect against computer viruses and malware
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To protect against computer viruses and malware**

181. What is the primary function of a web browser?

- A) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To store and organize data
- D) To create and edit presentations
- **Answer: A) To provide web pages to clients over the internet**

182. Which of the following is NOT a web browser?

- A) Chrome
- B) Firefox
- C) Safari
- D) Microsoft Office
- **Answer: D) Microsoft Office**

183. What is the primary purpose of a search engine?

- A) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To help users find information on the internet
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To help users find information on the internet**

184. What is the main function of a web server?

- A) To browse the internet
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To provide web pages to clients over the internet**

185. What is the purpose of a domain name?

- A) To identify a specific computer or device on a network
- B) To identify a specific website or resource on the internet
- C) To create and edit text documents
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: B) To identify a specific website or resource on the internet**

186. Which of the following is NOT a valid domain name extension?

- A) .com
 - B) .net
- C) .exe
- D) .org
- **Answer: C) .exe**

187. What does URL stand for?

- A) Universal Resource Link
- B) Uniform Resource Locator
- C) Unique Resource Link
- D) Unified Resource Locator
- **Answer: B) Uniform Resource Locator**

188. What is the primary function of a presentation program?

- A) To create and edit text documents
- B) To store and organize data in rows and columns
- C) To create and edit presentations
- D) To browse the internet
- **Answer: C) To create and edit presentations**

189. What is the purpose of cloud storage services?

- A) To create and edit text documents
- B) To store and organize data on remote servers accessible over the internet
- C) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- D) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- **Answer: B) To store and organize data on remote servers accessible over the internet**

190. What is metadata in a computer file?

- A) Information about the contents of the file
- B) The name of the file
- C) The date the file was created
- D) The location of the file on the computer
- **Answer: A) Information about the contents of the file**

191. What is the purpose of a version control system?

- A) To create and edit text documents
- B) To manage changes to computer files over time
- C) To store and organize data
- D) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- **Answer: B) To manage changes to computer files over time**

192. What is encryption used for in computer security?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To protect data from unauthorized access by converting it into a coded form
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To protect data from unauthorized access by converting it into a coded form**

193. What is the purpose of a VPN (Virtual Private Network)?

- A) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- B) To store and organize data
 - C) To create a secure connection over a public network
- D) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- **Answer: C) To create a secure connection over a public network**

194. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of cyberattack?

- A) Phishing
- B) Spam
- C) Malware
- D) Virus
- **Answer: B) Spam**

195. What is biometric authentication used for?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To authenticate a user's identity based on their unique physical characteristics
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To authenticate a user's identity based on their unique physical characteristics**

196. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of biometric authentication?

- A) Fingerprint recognition
- B) Face recognition
- C) Password recognition
- D) Voice recognition
- **Answer: C) Password recognition**

197. What is the purpose of a CAPTCHA?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To protect against automated attacks by distinguishing between humans and computers
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To protect against automated attacks by distinguishing between humans and computers**

198. Which of the following is NOT a valid type of backup?

- A) Full backup
- B) Incremental backup
- C) External backup
- D) Differential backup
- **Answer: C) External backup**

199. What is the purpose of a firewall in computer security?

- A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- B) To create and edit text documents
- C) To store and organize data
- D) To provide web pages to clients over the internet
- **Answer: A) To prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network**

200. What is the purpose of antivirus software?

- A) To create and edit text documents
- B) To
prevent unauthorized access to a computer or network
- C) To protect against computer viruses and malware
- D) To store and organize data
- **Answer: C) To protect against computer viruses and malware**
#NAME?
201. What is the basic unit of a computer system's memory?
- A) Bit
- B) Byte
- C) Megabyte
- D) Gigabyte
- **Answer: B) Byte**

202. Which component of a computer system is responsible for executing

instructions?
- A) CPU (Central Processing Unit)
- B) RAM (Random Access Memory)
- C) GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)
- D) HDD (Hard Disk Drive)
- **Answer: A) CPU (Central Processing Unit)**

203. What type of storage is an SSD (Solid State Drive)?

- A) Volatile
- B) Non-volatile
- C) Optical
- D) Magnetic
- **Answer: B) Non-volatile**

204. What is the process of starting a computer called?

- A) Shutdown
- B) Restart
- C) Booting
- D) Logoff
- **Answer: C) Booting**

205. What does the term "Simplex" refer to in networking?

- A) A type of cable connector
- B) A network topology
- C) A method of data transmission in one direction only
- D) A type of network protocol
- **Answer: C) A method of data transmission in one direction only**

206. In computing, what does ROM stand for?

- A) Read Only Memory
- B) Random Output Memory
- C) Read Overwrite Memory
- D) Random Operation Mode
- **Answer: A) Read Only Memory**

207. Which of the following is an output device?

- A) Keyboard
 - B) Monitor
- C) Scanner
- D) Mouse
- **Answer: B) Monitor**

208. Which of the following is a volatile memory?

- A) ROM (Read Only Memory)
- B) HDD (Hard Disk Drive)
- C) SSD (Solid State Drive)
- D) RAM (Random Access Memory)
- **Answer: D) RAM (Random Access Memory)**

209. Which of these operating systems is NOT based on the Linux kernel?
- A) Ubuntu
- B) Fedora
- C) Windows
- D) Debian
- **Answer: C) Windows**

210. What does the term 'bit' stand for in computing?

- A) Binary Unit of Transmission
- B) Binary Integer
- C) Binary Digit
- D) Byte Index Table
- **Answer: C) Binary Digit**

211. Which of the following is a feature of the FAT32 file system compared to
NTFS?
- A) Larger maximum file size
- B) Better security features
- C) Support for file compression
- D) Support for file encryption
- **Answer: A) Larger maximum file size**

212. Which attribute specifies the path to an image in HTML?

- A) src
- B) href
- C) path
- D) img
- **Answer: A) src**

213. Which protocol is used to assign IP addresses automatically?

- A) TCP/IP
- B) DHCP
- C) DNS
- D) HTTP
 - **Answer: B) DHCP**

214. Which device forwards data packets between computer networks?

- A) Modem
- B) Router
- C) Switch
- D) Hub
- **Answer: B) Router**

215. In a WLAN, what does the acronym WEP stand for?

- A) Wireless Encryption Protocol
- B) Wired Equivalent Privacy
- C) Wireless Ethernet Protocol
- D) Wired Encryption Privacy
- **Answer: B) Wired Equivalent Privacy**

216. Which layer of the OSI model ensures reliable data delivery with error
checking and flow control?
- A) Data Link Layer
- B) Network Layer
- C) Transport Layer
- D) Session Layer
- **Answer: C) Transport Layer**

217. What is the shortcut to start a presentation from the current slide in
PowerPoint?
- A) F5
- B) F7
- C) F9
- D) F11
- **Answer: A) F5**

218. Convert the decimal number 125 to hexadecimal.

- A) 7D
- B) 8F
- C) 5E
- D) 9A
- **Answer: A) 7D**

219. What is the main difference between an assembler and a compiler?

- A) An assembler translates source code into machine code, while a compiler
translates source code into object code.
- B) An assembler translates source code into object code, while a compiler translates
source code into machine code.
- C) An assembler translates source code into high-level language, while a compiler
translates source code into low-level language.
 - D) An assembler translates source code into machine code, while a compiler
translates source code into assembly language.
- **Answer: A) An assembler translates source code into machine code, while a
compiler translates source code into object code.**

220. Convert the infix expression AB+C to postfix.

- A) ABC+
- B) AB+C
- C) AB+C+
- D) ABC
- **Answer: A) ABC+**

221. What is typically the first step in the process of creating an algorithm?
- A) Defining the problem
- B) Writing the code
- C) Testing the algorithm
- D) Analyzing the results
- **Answer: A) Defining the problem**

222. In Microsoft Excel, which function finds the highest number in a range of
cells?
- A) MAX
- B) MIN
- C) SUM
- D) AVERAGE
- **Answer: A) MAX**

223. How do you track changes in a Microsoft Word document?

- A) By using the Track Changes feature
- B) By using the Review tab
- C) By using the Insert tab
- D) By using the Home tab
- **Answer: A) By using the Track Changes feature**

224. What feature in Microsoft PowerPoint can you use to create dynamic slide
shows?
- A) Slide Transition
- B) Animation
- C) Slide Layout
- D) Slide Master
- **Answer: B) Animation**

225. Which of the following is not a component of the Microsoft Office Suite?
- A) Microsoft Word
- B) Microsoft Excel
- C) Microsoft PowerPoint
- D) Microsoft Access
- **Answer: D) Microsoft Access**

226. In Microsoft Access, which data type would you select for a field that stores
web addresses?
- A) Text
- B) Number
- C) Hyperlink
- D) Memo
- **Answer: C) Hyperlink**

227. Notepad supports which of the following features?

- A) Spell check
- B) AutoSave
- C) Text formatting
- D) Syntax highlighting
- **Answer: D) Syntax highlighting**

228. What is refactoring in software engineering?

- A) Rewriting code to improve its structure without changing its external behavior
- B) Testing code to ensure it works correctly
- C) Fixing bugs in code
- D) Optimizing code for better performance
- **Answer: A) Rewriting code to improve its structure without changing its external
behavior**

229. In DBMS, SQL stands for?

- A) Structured Query Language
- B) Standard Question Language
- C) System Query Language
- D) Structured Question Language
- **Answer: A) Structured Query Language**

230. In Linux, how do you check the permissions of a file?

- A) ls -l
- B) ps
- C) cat
- D) chmod
- **Answer: A) ls -l**

231. In object-oriented programming, encapsulation refers to:

- A) Combining data and code into a single unit
- B) Hiding the internal implementation details of an object
 - C) Breaking a program into smaller, manageable parts
- D) Passing data between different objects
- **Answer: B) Hiding the internal implementation details of an object**

232. A database administrator needs to ensure that no unauthorized user can

access sensitive salary information stored in a database. Which of the following
is the best method to ensure data security?
- A) Encryption
- B) Authentication
- C) Authorization
- D) Firewall
- **Answer: C) Authorization**

233. A company is experiencing intermittent network outages, and the IT

department suspects there is an issue with IP address conflicts. What network
tool can be used to identify IP conflicts on the network?
- A) Ping
- B) Traceroute
- C) ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
- D) IPCONFIG (IP Configuration)
- **Answer: C) ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)**

234. A user reports that their PC boots into the Advanced Boot Options screen
after an update. What is the first course of action to try and resolve this issue?
- A) System Restore
- B) Safe Mode
- C) Last Known Good Configuration
- D) Startup Repair
- **Answer: C) Last Known Good Configuration**

235. Which modification should be made to the following loop to ensure it

executes exactly three times?

```c
int i = 0;
while (i < 3) {
printf("Hello, World!\n");
}
```
- A) Change `i < 3` to `i <= 3`
- B) Change `i < 3` to `i > 3`
- C) Change `i < 3` to `i < 4`
- D) No modification is needed
- **Answer: D) No modification is needed**
236. An analyst needs to pull data from a large spreadsheet where the data
spans from column A to column G, but only for records where column G equals
"Approved". What Excel feature allows for filtering data based on specific
criteria in one column?
- A) Pivot Table
- B) VLOOKUP
- C) Conditional Formatting
- D) AutoFilter
- **Answer: D) AutoFilter**

237. A network manager needs to set up a secure network for transmitting

sensitive data between two corporate buildings. Which networking technology
provides a secure connection over a public network?
- A) LAN (Local Area Network)
- B) MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
- C) WAN (Wide Area Network)
- D) VPN (Virtual Private Network)
- **Answer: D) VPN (Virtual Private Network)**

238. What SQL statement is used to remove duplicates from the result set of a
SELECT query?
- A) REMOVE DUPLICATES
- B) DELETE DUPLICATES
- C) REMOVE DISTINCT
- D) SELECT DISTINCT
- **Answer: D) SELECT DISTINCT**

239. An application on a Windows 10 machine is not responding, and the user

cannot close the window. What is the most immediate action to take in this
situation?
- A) Restart the computer
- B) Use Task Manager to end the application process
- C) Uninstall and reinstall the application
- D) Shut down the computer and restart it in Safe Mode
- **Answer: B) Use Task Manager to end the application process**

240. Scenario: You want to add a header to each page of your Microsoft Word
document that includes the document title.
- What is the correct sequence of steps to add a header in Microsoft Word using
keyboard shortcuts?
i. Open your document in Microsoft Word.
ii. Press ALT + N to open the Insert tab.
iii. Press H to open the Header drop-down menu.
iv. Choose a header style or edit your header content as needed.
- Select the correct order:
- A) i, ii, iii, iv
 - B) ii, iii, iv, i
- C) iii, ii, iv, i
- D) i, iii, ii, iv
- **Answer: B) ii, iii, iv, i**

241. Which ACID property of a DBMS ensures that once a transaction has been
committed, it will remain so, even in the event of power loss, crashes, or errors?
- A) Atomicity
- B) Consistency
- C) Isolation
-D

) Durability
- **Answer: D) Durability**