SOUT NORTH CIRCUIT

LIFE SCIENCES
GRADE 1
EVOLUTION TEST
11/08/2025

MARKS: 150 marks

TIME: 1H30 MIN

SECTION A
QUESTION 1
Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose
the answer and write only the letter next to the question numbers.
1.1.1 The characteristics that appear in both humans and African apes are……
A Opposable thumb, sexual dimorphism and bipedalism
B Opposable thumb, sexual dimorphism and quadrupedalism
C Large cranium, small canines and prognathous jaw
D Small cranium, large canines and prognathous jaw
1.1.2 The first primate to use tools constantly was…..
A Homo neanderthalensis
B Homo sapiens
C Homo Floresiensis
D Homo Habilis
QUESTION 1.1.3 AND 1.1.4 ARE BASED ON THE DIAGRAM BELOW

1.1.3 Approprimately how much longer did pan troglodytes sexist compared to its
closest relative?
A 2,5 my
B 3,6 my
C 4,0 my
D 5,0 my
1.1.4 How many genera are represented in this diagram?
A2
B3
C4
D9
1.1.5 The diagrams below represent the forelimbs of four animals that all contain
similar bones.
(i)structures are homologous
(ii)the animals do not share a common ancestor
(iii) the forelimbs of all these animals have the same function.
(iv) the structure arose due to modification by descent

Which statements above apply to the diagrams?

A (ii) and (iv)
B(i) and (iii)
C (i) and (iv)
D (ii) and (iii)
1.1.6 The diagram below represents four different species of bacteria

Which statement is correct regarding the survival chances of these species if ther is
a change in the environment?
A A species has the best chance of survival, because it has most variation
B A species has the best chance of survival, because it has no gene mutations
C Neither species B nor species D will survive, because they compete for the same
resources.
D none of the species will survive, because bacteria reproduce asexually
1.1.7 which species of hominin spent the longest time on earth according to the
timeline below?

A Homo erectus
B Ardipithecus ramidus
C Australopithecus afarensis
D Homo sapiens
1.1.9 A trait that has a range of phenotype is an example of…..
A Continuous variation
B Discontinuous variation
C Complete dominance
D codominance
1.1.10 Lamarck’s laws of use and disuse and inheritance of acquired characteristics
are….
A Rejected because only characteristics that benefit offspring can be inherited
B not rejected, because evidence shows that acquired characteristics can be
inherited
C rejected, because only characteristics that are coded for in the DNA can be
inherited
D not rejected, because Darwin’s theory supports Lamarck’s ideas
[10 X 2 =20]
1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions.
1.2.1 the type of vision presents in both apes and humans that allows for depth
perception
1.2.2 an explanation describing evolution as consisting of long phases of little
change alternating with short phases of rapid change
1.2.3 A Sub- group of the hominids that includes only modern humans and early
humans
1.2.4 The type of variation where there is a range of intermediate phenotypes
1.2.5 The study of the past and present-day distribution of living organisms across
the continents
1.2.6 The scientist who argued that acquired characteristics obtained by the
parents, could be passed on to offspring
1.2.7 The change in inheritance traits over successive generations in populations of
organisms
1.2.8 The outwards projection of the face in hominids
1.2.9 Having an upper or lower jaw that projects abnormally forward
1.2.10 The explanation that species experience long periods without physical
change, followed by short periods of rapid physical change
[10 x 1= 10]

1.3 indicate whether each of the statements in COLUMN I APPLY TO A ONLY, B

ONLY, BOTH A AND B OR NONE of the items in COLUMN II
 COLUMN I COLUMN II
1.3.1 Evidence of evolution A Modification by descent
B Fossil records
1.3.2 characteristics that may be used A similarity of DNA sequence
to build a phylogenetic tree B fossil evidence
1.3.3 The selection and breeding of A natural selection
organisms with desirable characteristics B Artificial selection
by humans
1.3.4 features of chimpanzee A Prognathism
B Forward position of foramen magnum
1.3.5 Discovered the fossil called Little A Raymond Dart
foot B Ron Clarke
1.3.6 long and narrow pelvis A African apes
B Humans
1.3.7 A possible explanation to a A Hypothesis
problem being investigated B Theory
[7 x 2=14]

Section B
Question 2
2.1 In 2012 , professor Lee Berger discovered a new species of hominin, which was
named Ardipithecus sediba. The three years later, in 2015, another new hominin
species was discovered.
This new species was named Homo naledi. Fossils of both these hominin species
were found in an area of SA known as the cradle of Humankind.

2.1.1 Which of the two fossils ( Australopithecus sediba or Homo naledi) is thought to
be more closely related to modern humans? (1)
2.1.2 Give one reason for your answer in QUESTION 2.1.1 (1)
2.1.3 describe three anatomical features that Professor Berger would have looked
for when he examined the fossils, to determined that Australopithecus Sediba
was bipedal. (6)
2.1.4 Give the scientific name of one other hominin species of which fossils were
discovered in the cradle of humankind (1)
2.1.5 Explain how mitochondrial DNA is used to prove that modern humans
originated in Africa. (4)
2.1.6 Tabulate two differences between a theory and hypothesis (5)
2.1.7 Name two source where scientist find evidence for evolution (2)
[20]
2.2. the diagram below shows two skeletons

2.2.1 Identify which of the diagrams (A,B or BOTH) belongs to

(a) Homo sapiens
(b) Hominids
( C) Binocular vision
(d) Long and Narrow pelvis
( e) C – shaped spine
(f) Large canines
(g) Opposable thumb
( h) Large cranium
(i)large jaws
(j) less prognathous (10)
2.2.2 Give the name of the scientist who discovered
(a ) Mrs ples
(b) Taung child (2)
2.2.3 Name the genetic evidence that supports the Out Of Africa hypothesis
(1)
2.24 describe how cultural evidence is used to support OOA Hypothesis (3)
[17]
2.3 in SA tuberculosis bacteria became resistant to many of usual treatments for TB.
Rifampicin is currently the most effective drug used to treat TB. There are however a
number of tuberculosis bacteria strains that have become resistant to this drug as
well. Rifampicin resistant bacteria may be treated with bedaquiline.
Two types of bedaquiline treatment are available
 tablets which can be taken at home daily
 an injection where the patient must go back to the clinic every week for the
injection
scientist wanted to determine which treatment would have the highest survival
rate after 24 months
 A group of 200 participants with rifampicin-resistance were selected.
 All participants were aged 18 years or older
 100 patients were given the tablet treatment for 9 months
 100 patients were given injection treatment for 9 months
 Their health status was measured 24 months after they started the treatment
The table below shows the success rate of the two treatments.
2.3.1 state the aim of the investigation (2)
2.3.2 give
(a) Independent variable
(b) Dependent variable (2)
2.3.3 Give one reason why the study may be considered reliable (1)
2.3.4 Calculate the number of participants that took injection treatment, that were
cured of TB (3)
2.3.5 Explain how tuberculosis bacteria may have developed resistance to rifampicin
according to Darwin’s theory of natural selection (6)
2.3.6 Name three planning steps that the investigators would have considered (3)
2.3.7 Give Two ways in which the scientist could improves the validity of
this study. (2)
2.3.8 Draw a pie chart to represent the data when tablets were used daily by the
patients (6)
[25]
2.4 an isthmus is a narrow strip of land that connects two larger landmasses and
separates two bodies of water. The Isthmus of Panama is narrow strip of land that
joins North and South America. Scientists believes that the strips of land formed 3,5
million years ago. The Caribbean Sea is warm, while the Pacific Ocean is cooler.
Porkfish, Genus Anisotremus, can be found on either side of the narrow strip of land.
However, when scientists placed male porkfish from Carribean Sea and female
panamic porkfish from the Pacific Ocean into the same fish tank, they would not
copulate. They are now considered to be two different species.
2.4.1 Define the term Biological species (2)
2.4.2 Name Two reproductive isolating mechanisms that may have prevented the
two species of porkfish from copulating (2)
2.4.3 Based on the scenario above, describe the speciation of the porkfish through
gepgraphic isolation (7)
[11]
2.5 the diagrams below represent the pelvis structure and the ventral view of the
skull of three organisms

2.5.1 Write down the letter of the skull that shows a foramen magnum of
the H. sapiens (1)
2.5.2 Explain your answer to question 2.5.1 (2)
2.5.3 Describe how pelvis D is representative of a quadrupedal organism (2)
2.5.4 Describe two visible differences between the jaws of skull K and L (4)
2.5.5 explain the significance of the shape of the spine that is associated with the
skull in M (2)
[11]
QUESTION 3
3.1 The diagram below shows a possible representation of human evolution

3.1.1 Name the type of diagram shown above (1)

3.1.2 How long ago did Australopithecus afarensis become extinct (2)
3.1.3 Identify two species that coexisted with homo erectus (2)
3.1.4 State advantage of a large cranial capacity in homo sapiens (3)
3.1.5 Calculate the time difference between the evolution of homo erectus homo
sapiens (3)
3.1.6 Describe how the fossils of the species in the diagram provide evidence for the
Out Of Africa hypothesis (6)
3.1.7 To which genus does Mrs Ples belong? (1)
3.1.8 Give the name of TWO other fossils found in SA that belongs to the same
genus as Mrs Ples (2)
[20]
3.2 Lamarck theory is based on two laws
3.2.1 Explain the law of inheritance of acquired characteristics according to
Lamarckism (1)
3.2.2 Explain why Lamarck’s idea are not accepted in the science community
today (2)
[3]

Grand total: 150 marks