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Class 12 Mathematics: Matrices & Determinants

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16 views3 pages

Class 12 Mathematics: Matrices & Determinants

Uploaded by

noori
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Noor

Test paper 1

MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS


Class 12 - Mathematics

Section A
⎡
3 −1 1
⎤ ⎡
1 2 −2
⎤ [3]
1. If A−1
= ⎢ −15 6 −5 ⎥ and B = ⎢ −1 3 0 ⎥ find (AB)-1
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
5 −2 2 0 −2 1

2. Solve the system of equations [5]


2 3 10
+ + = 4
x y z

4 6 5
− + = 1
x y z

6 9 20
+ − = 2
x y z

∣ x sin θ cos θ ∣ [2]


∣ ∣
3. Prove that the determinant ∣ − sin θ −x 1
∣
is independent of θ .
∣ cos θ 1 x ∣

∣ cos α cos β cos α sin β − sin α ∣


[2]
4. Evaluate: ∣∣ − sin β cos β 0
∣
∣
∣ sin α cos β sin α sin β cos α ∣

⎡
1 2 1
⎤ [3]
5. Let A = ⎢ 2 3 1⎥ . verify that [adj A]–1 = adj (A–1)
⎣ ⎦
1 1 5

⎡
1 2 1
⎤ [3]
6. Let A = ⎢ 2 3 1⎥ . verify that (A–1)–1 =A
⎣ ⎦
1 1 5

Section B
⎡
1 1 1
⎤ [5]
7. For the matrix A = ⎢1 2 −3 ⎥ , show that A3 - 6A2 + 5A + 11I = 0. Hence find A-1.
⎣ ⎦
2 −1 3

⎡
2 −1 1
⎤ [5]
8. If A = ⎢ −1 2 −1 ⎥ , verify that A3 - 6A2 + 9A - 4I = 0 and hence find A-1
⎣ ⎦
1 −1 2

9. If A = [
3 1
] Show that A2 – 5A + 7I = 0. Hence find A-1 [5]
−1 2

10. Let A = [
3 7
] and B = [
6 8
] verify that (AB)-1 = B-1A-1 [5]
2 5 7 9

Section C
⎡
2 −3 5
⎤ [5]
11. If A = ⎢ 3 2 −4 ⎥ find A-1, using A-1 solve the system of equations
⎣ ⎦
1 1 −2

2x - 3y + 5z = 11
3x + 2y - 4z = -5
x + y - 2z = -3
12. The cost of 4kg onion, 3kg wheat and 2kg rice is Rs. 60. The cost of 2kg onion, 4kg wheat and 6kg rice is Rs. [5]
90. The cost of 6kg onion 2kg wheat and 3kg rice is Rs. 70. Find the cost of each item per kg by matrix method.

1/3
13. Solve the system of linear equation, using matrix method x - y + 2z = 7; 3x + 4y - 5z = -5; 2x - y + 3z = 12 [3]
14. Solve the system of linear equation, using matrix method 2x + y + z = 1; x − 2y − z = [2]
3
; 3y − 5z = 9
2

Section D
∣ a11 a12 a13 ∣ [1]
∣ ∣
15. If Δ = ∣
a21 a22 a23
∣
and Aij is Cofactors of aij, then value of Δ is given by
∣ a31 a32 a33 ∣

a) a11 A11 + a12 A21 + a13 A31 b) a21 A11 + a22 A12 + a23 A13

c) a11 A31 + a12 A32 + a13 A33 d) a11 A11 + a21 A21 + a31 A31
∣1 x yz ∣ [3]
∣ ∣
16. Using cofactors of elements of third column, evaluate Δ = 1 y zx
∣ ∣
∣1 z xy ∣

∣1 0 4 ∣
[3]
∣ ∣
17. Write minors and cofactors of the element of ∣ 3 5 −1
∣
∣0 1 2 ∣

Section E
18. Find values of k if area of triangle is 4 sq. units and vertices are: (-2, 0),(0, 4),(0, k). [2]
19. Show that points A( a, b + c), B(b, c + a), c(c, a + b) are collinear. [2]
20. Find the equation of line joining (1, 2) and (3, 6) using determinants. [3]
21. Find area of the triangle with vertices at the point given (2, 7), (1, 1), (10, 8) [2]
Section F
∣ 0 1 2 ∣ [1]
22. Evaluate the determinant ∣ −1 0 −3
∣
∣ ∣
∣ −2 3 0 ∣

23. Find values of x, if


∣2
∣
3∣ ∣ x
∣ = ∣
3∣
∣
[2]
∣4 5∣ ∣ 2x 5∣

∣ x 2 ∣ ∣ 6 2∣ [1]
24. If ∣ ∣ = ∣ ∣ , then x is equal to
∣ 18 x∣ ∣ 18 6∣

a) 6 b) ± 6

c) -6 d) 0
∣1 0 1∣ [2]
∣ ∣
25. If A = ∣
0 1 2
∣
then show that |3A| = 27|A|
∣0 0 4∣

26. Evaluate the determinant ∣


∣ cos θ − sin θ ∣
∣
[1]
∣ sin θ cos θ ∣
2

27. Evaluate the determinant ∣


∣x − x+ 1 x− 1 ∣
∣
[2]
∣ x+ 1 x+ 1 ∣

Section G
∣ 0 sin α − cos α ∣ [2]
∣ ∣
28. Evaluate Δ = − sin α 0 sin β
∣ ∣
∣ cos α − sin β 0 ∣

29. Find values of x for which


∣ 3
∣
x∣ ∣3
∣ = ∣
2∣
∣ . [1]
∣x 1 ∣ ∣4 1∣

∣2 −3 5 ∣
[2]
∣ ∣
30. Find minors and cofactors of the elements of the determinant ∣ 6 0 4
∣
and verify that a11A31 + a12A32 +
∣1 5 −7 ∣

a13A33 = 0.
[1]

2/3
2 3
31. Find adj A for A = [ ].
1 4

⎡
1 3 3
⎤ [2]
32. If A = ⎢ 1 4 3⎥ then verify that A adj A = | A| I. Also find A–1.
⎣ ⎦
1 3 4

33. If A = [
2 3
] and B = [
1 −2
] then verify that (AB)-1 = B-1 A-1 [5]
1 −4 −1 3

34. Show that the matrix A = [


2 3
] satisfies the equation A2 – 4A + I = 0. where I is 2 × 2 identity matrix and [3]
1 2

O is 2 × 2 zero matrix. Using this equation, find A-1

35. Solve the system of equations


2x + 5y = 1 [2]
3x + 2y = 7

36. The sum of three numbers is 6. If we multiply third number by 3 and add second number to it, we get 11. By [5]
adding first and third numbers, we get double of the second number. Represent it algebraically and find the
numbers using matrix method.
37. Solve the following system of equations by matrix method: [2]
3x - 2y + 3z = 8
2x + y - z = 1
4x - 3y + 2z = 4
⎡
1 1 2
⎤⎡
2 0 1
⎤ [2]
38. Use product ⎢ 0 2 3⎥⎢9 2 3⎥ to solve the system of equations
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
3 2 4 6 1 2

x – y + 2z = 1, 2y – 3z = 1, 3x – 2y + 4z = 2

3/3

Common questions

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The relationship dictates that if matrices A and B are invertible, then their product AB is also invertible, and the inverse of the product is the product of the inverses in reverse order, i.e., (AB)^{-1} = B^{-1}A^{-1} .

To solve a system using the matrix method, express the system in the form AX = B, where A is the coefficient matrix, X is the variable matrix, and B is the constant matrix. Calculating the inverse of A, if it exists, allows you to compute X = A^{-1}B, solving the system. This requires verifying the invertibility of A and performing matrix multiplication .

Verification involves showing that A(adj A) = (det A)I, where A is the matrix, adj A is the adjugate, det A is the determinant, and I is the identity matrix. This relationship, derived from the formula for the inverse A^{-1} = (adj A)/(det A), confirms A's invertibility provided det A ≠ 0 .

To prove that a determinant is independent of a variable, introduce a parameter and show that the determinant expression simplifies to a constant or that the variable terms cancel each other through row operations or properties of determinants, such as linearity and skew-symmetry. For instance, the determinant of the given matrix involving trigonometric functions and x is shown independent of θ by solving through these properties .

Matrices systematically arrange coefficients from equations derived from real-world scenarios, such as cost calculations, and solve using methods like Gaussian elimination or matrix inversion to efficiently handle large, interconnected variables and derive explicit solutions, such as per-unit costs. Here, this can identify the cost per kg of commodities like onions, wheat, and rice .

Collinearity in terms of determinants means that the determinant formed by creating a matrix that includes the coordinates of the three points results in zero. This indicates the points are on the same straight line, with no area being formed between them .

Verification typically involves substituting the given matrix into the polynomial equation, then expanding and simplifying each term using matrix multiplication and addition properties, ensuring resultant simplification equates to the zero matrix .

Simplification to an identity, such as zero or a constant, using determinants clarifies matrix characteristics including orthogonality, rank, and dependency within rows or columns, offering deeper insight into eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and geometric interpretations like volume scaling and symmetry .

The equation of a line through points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) can be expressed using determinants as the zero determinant of the matrix formed by x, y, x1, y1, x2, and y2, exploiting the concept that determinant zero implies collinearity .

Determine values by setting the determinant equation to zero and solving for the variable. This involves expanding the determinant expression and equating the polynomial to zero, ensuring solutions meet any given conditions such as real values or specific constraints .

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