Notes
Lecture 17
Zn means all the remainder when divided by n
Z3 means all the remainder when divided by 3
Zn is operation: set of all remainder divided by n
Addition modulo n: first you do addition then you do mod n
(I) Closed: because when you divide by 4 these(0,1,2,3) are the all possible remainders, so the
result will always be in this set.
(II) Associative: addition is associative, addition followed by modulo 4.
(III) Identity element: 0
(IV) Inverse property:
Inverse of 1, i should write 3 to get identity element.
(V) This is commutative also.
What should i write here to get 0 that is my identity element
I should write n-a,
a+ something = n
to make it n mod n = 0.
Lecture 18
– In a group e is unique in (any structure).
Q.1 assume
e and e’ are identity element
if e is the ie
i should get e’
and if e’ is the ie
i should get e
so they are same.
Q.2
Assume a has 2 inverse
a inverse =b, c
axb=e
axc=e
both are same.
If we Multiply a inverse from both sides it should be same because both are same already.
Because group is associative
So they are basically the same.
Q.3
Group has left cancellation property.
Cancelling a.
Assume,
Axb=Axc
Multiply them by a inverse
remember group is associative.
exb=exc
B=C
Both are the same.
Note: Just apply the def and apply inverse on both sides.
Q.4
Multiply with b inverse on both sides, they are commutative.
Simply means a=c
In group, we can do left cancellation and right cancellation just don’t do this… axb=bxc because
group isnt commutative.
(allowed in abelian group).
Q.5 prove
ab inverse means b inverse a inverse
Assume ab inverse = y
now apply the def;
aby=e
find y.
multiply both sides by a inverse
by=a inverse
multiply by b inverse.
Lecture 19