WRITING TASK 1
1) Paraphrase
How someone + V + something
eg: the bar chart illustrates how the rate of men and women engaged in sport varied
across 6 age groups.
PARAPHRASE
Table → (line) graph, diagram
Show → give, demonstrate, illustrate, indicate, Compare
Data → Information
Percentage
➔ Proportion of
➔ rates of…/ …rates
➔ levels of…/ …levels
CHART
➔ the figures for
About → Regarding
Average → Typical
UNITS
A number of → various
the amount of → the volume of
different → various
the consumption of X
→ the amount/ the number of X consumed // X consumption
the production of X
→ the amount/ the number of X produced // X production
average spending on ….
→ average expenditure on …. // the amount (of money) spent on …. //
→ the expense on clothes
Years
➔ over a period of … years starting from …
➔ over a 10-year period // over the next … years // during the same period
➔ from the year … onwards
➔ In the first examined year,...
WHEN Every day/ month/ week/ year
➔ Each / per + d/m/w/y
➔ Daily / Monthly / Weekly / Yearly (Annually)
➔ On + Daily / Monthly / Weekly / Yearly (Annual) + basis
during the period shown
during this time frame // during the given period
the 20-30 age group
➔ 20-to-30-year-old people // 20-to-30-year-olds // the 20-30s
➔ people who fell (falling) into the 20 to 30 age group
➔ people (who were) between 20 and 30 years old
AGE
➔ people (who were) aged 20 to 30
➔ people (who were) in their twenties
➔ people in the age range of 20 to 30
People aged 65 or more
→ the elderly // older people aged 65 or more
~ across [number] age groups
people driving to work
car users // people traveling by car // commute by car
forms of transport
DATA means/ modes of transport
unemployment
joblessness // people who were unemployed // people who were jobless - people
without work
Trends (Static Charts)
TREND VERB NOUN
★ Increase ★ to record an increase/
★ Rise a rise/ a growth
★ Grow steadily (v) tăng đều [ of ]
★ go up
★ Climb
★ rocket
★ ascend temporarily (v) tăng nhất ★ a doubling
thời ★ a trebling
[ in + n ]
[ to…/by…]
★ witness an upward
★ double: tăng gấp đôi trend
★ treble/ triple: tăng gấp ba ★ Reach a high of
★ surge dramatically/quickly (v) ★ a peak = a spike
tăng đột ngột
[ from…to… ]
★ to peak at…
★ Peak + … times.
★ Outstrip [vượt xa]
★ Decrease sizably/ substantially ★ to undergo a decrease/
(v) giảm tương đối / đáng kể decline/ fall/ drop
★ Decline insignificantly (v) giảm [ of ]
k đáng kể ★ a reduction
★ Fall ★ a plummet
★ Drop
★ roughly / nearly halved to (v)
giảm phân nửa
★ go down sharply/ slightly
giảm mạnh/nhe ★ a (final) levelling off
[ to…/by…]
★ Tail off (gradually decrease)
★ Plummet remarkably (v) sụt
đáng kể
★ Shrink consistently/ abruptly
(v) giảm liên tục / đột ngột
★ to bottom at…
★ hit a low of
Lưu ý: Thêm Unfortunately,.. đầu câu
★ Fluctuate ★ fluctuation
[ around ]
[ between…and… ]
★ rebound briefly (v) vực dậy
nhanh chóng
S + fluctuate over the .. period
There are significant changes in ~
There are some slight shifts
S + vary consistently/continuously:
biến động liên tục
S + go up and down several times: lên
xuống vài lần
Ổn định Remain almost/ relatively Constant /
stabilize at
S + is nearly relatively flat
S + remain relatively/ almost stable
S + stay at
There was nearly / relatively no
change
So sanh S + is nearly / roughly equal to ~
(gần như bằng)
S + be close behind at: gần bằng
Mức độ (degree)
DEGREE ADJ
dramatic / huge / broad / enormous /
Very extensive change
tremendous
substantial /considerable / significant /
Extensive change remarkable
notable
DEGREE ADJ
dramatic / huge / broad / enormous /
Very extensive change
tremendous
noticeable
Average change marked
moderate + [fluctuation]
slight small /minimal
Small change
marginal
Speed
SPEED ADJ
rapid - quick - sharp - swift -
Quick change
steep
Slow change steady - gradual - slow
Unexpected change sudden - unexpected - abrupt
Rounding (làm tròn)
For trends:
- relatively / rather / almost
For value:
- roughly / almost / about / approximately / around / just about
- just below (above)
- A little / slightly more (less) than
Cách diễn đạt
Số liệu (Vs)
- Reach / Stood at / accounted for / comprise + [data]
STRUCTURE
1 CHỦ THỂ 2 THỜI GIAN
1) S + V + ADV + [data] + (time)
- Music stream grew significantly from 5% in 2011 to 10% in 2020.
- The figure for music streams has shown a significant rise from 5% in 2011 to 10% in 2020.
2) There be + a/an ADJ N + [data] + in S + (time)
- There is a significant growth to 10% in music streams between 2011 and 2020.
3) S + witnessed/ experienced/ saw + a/an ADJ N + (time)
- Music streams witnessed significant growth in 2018.
1 CHỦ THỂ 3 THỜI GIAN
1) After + a/an ADJ N + (time), S + V + (time), before + V + a/an N + (time)
- After a slight drop in 2020, the whale population rebounded briefly in 2021 before undergoing a
notable decline in 2022.
2 CHỦ THỂ 1 THỜI GIAN
1) S1 + Vs [data], số lần + as much as that of S2
- The percentage of students with very good qualifications stood at 75%, three times as
much as that of those with excellent qualifications.
2) S1 + Vs [data] + as opposed to/ whereas/ compared to + [data] + S2
- The percentage of students with very good qualifications stood at 75% as opposed to/ in
comparison with/ compared to only 22% of students with excellent qualifications.
3) There be + [data] + spent on + S1, while + the figure for S2 + Vs [data]
- There was around 4,000 Dollars spent on cars in the US, while the figure for Spain stood
at 2,000 Dollars.
4) At [data], S + be + số lần + higher than that of + S2
- At 75%, the figure for students with very good qualifications was about three times higher
than that of those with good qualifications.
5) S1 + Vs [data], which be + [difference] + higher than S2
- The percentage of students with very good qualifications stood at 75%, which was 53%
higher than that of those with excellent qualifications.
6) With a figure of [data], S1 exceeded/ surpassed S2 by [difference]
- With a figure of 75%, the percentage of students with very good qualifications exceeded
that of those with excellent qualifications.
7) S1 + witness + a/an N + to [data], surpassing S2 + by [difference]
with: theo sau đó ★ Then,... // Next,...// Afterwards,...// Following
this/that,... // After this/that…
★ This is followed by…
★ (which is) followed by
→ There is a peak of 700 at midday, followed by an
afternoon decline to a low of 230 at 4 pm.
★ …, after which it + V
→ It stood at 20 in 1983 and doubled over the next 10
years to level off at 40, after which it remained constant
until 2003.
be accompanied by be matched by: được gắn với
→ The 8 am passenger surge is matched by a high price of
29$.
in line with: cùng với
→ Ticket prices increase broadly in line with passenger
traffic.
by contrast + Clause
→ .., by contrast it produced the most fruit in the season.
PREDICTING THE FUTURE
Set 1 Predictions show [ that ] it will + V.
Expectations reveal
Anticipations indicate
Forecasts
Estimates
Evaluation
Calculation
Set 2 It is predicted that S will V.
expected
anticipated
forecast
estimated
evaluated
calculated
likely to be ADJ
Set 3 S is/are // to V.
ADJ
subsequent: sau đó (later)
→ The number reaches 800$ in prices, with a subsequent rise to 1000$ at 4 am.