Midpoint

M i d p o i n t and
a n d distance
Distance

Distance Formula Example 3:

 √(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐

Midpoint Formula 𝑦2 −𝑦1

𝑥2 −𝑥1
𝒙𝟏 +𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐
 ( , ) 5−1
𝟐 𝟐
4−1
𝟒
Example 1: 𝟑

𝑦2 −𝑦1
𝑥2 −𝑥1
7−5
√(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 9−4
𝟐
√(15 − 3)2 + (8 − 4)2 𝟓

√(12)2 + (4)2 𝑦2 −𝑦1

√144 + 16 𝑥2 −𝑥1
3−7
√160
6−9
√16 · 10 −4
−3
√𝟏𝟎 𝟒
𝟑

𝑦2 −𝑦1
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2
( , ) 𝑥2 −𝑥1
2 2
3−1
3+15 4 +8
( , ) 6−1
2 2 𝟐
18 12
(2 , 2) 𝟓

( 𝟗 , 𝟔) Example 4:
Example 2:

𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2
( , )
2 2
𝑥1 +9 𝑦1 +11
( , ) √100 √𝑥²
2 2
𝑥1 𝑦1 𝟏𝟎
𝑥1 +9 𝑦1 +11
2 2
𝑥1 + 9 𝑦1 + 11
𝑥1 𝑦1
𝒙𝟏 𝒚𝟏
 Permutation
P e r m u t a t i o n

Factorials Example 2:



o
o
o Example 3:
o
o
Permutation

𝑛!
𝑟1 !𝑟2 !𝑟3 !…𝑟𝑛!
11!
1! 4! 4! 2!
𝒏! 11 · 10 · 9 · 8 · 7 · 6 · 5 · 4!
 (𝒏−𝒓)! 1 · 4! 4 · 3 · 2 · 1 · 2 · 1
1 663 200
Different formulas 48

𝒏!
(𝒏−𝒓)! Example 4:

𝒏!
𝒓𝟏 !𝒓𝟐 !𝒓𝟑 !…𝒓𝒏 !

Example 1: Example 5:

𝑛!
𝑛!
𝑟1 !𝑟2 !𝑟3 !…𝑟𝑛!
(𝑛−𝑟)! 6!
20!
2! 3! 1!
(20−4)! 6 · 5 · 4 · 3!
20 ·19 ·18 · 17 · 16! 2 · 3! · 1
16! 120
2
 Combination
C o m b i n a t i o n

Combination Example 3:


10! 8!
( 10
4 ) ( 82 )
𝒏! 4! 6! 2! 6!
 (𝒏−𝒓)! 𝒓!
10·9·8·7·6! 8·7·6!
4·3·2·1·6! 2·1·6!
5 040 56
24 2

Example 4:

Example 1:

𝑛!
(𝑛−𝑟)! 𝑟! ( 𝟓𝟐 )
10! 𝑛!
(10−5)! 5! (𝑛−𝑟)! 𝑟!
10·9·8·7·6·5! 5!
5! 5·4·3·2·1 (5−2)! 2!
30 240 5·4·3!
120 3!·2·1

Example 2:

( 𝟕𝟑 )
𝑛!
(𝑛−𝑟)! 𝑟!
7!
𝑛!
(7−3)! 3!
(𝑛−𝑟)! 𝑟!
7 6 5 4!
5!
4! · 3·2·1
(5−2)! 2!
5·4·3!
3! 2·1
20
2
 6
Example 5: 1

𝑛!
( 𝑛𝑟 ) (𝑛−𝑟)! 𝑟!
𝑛! 𝒏! 9!
( 𝑛𝑟 ) ( 𝒏𝒓 ) ( 94 ) (9−4)!4!
(𝑛−𝑟)! 𝑟! (𝒏−𝒓)! 𝒓!
9! 𝟔! 9·8·7·6·5!
9 𝟔
( )
5 ( )
𝟓 5!·4·3·2·1
(9−5)! 5! (𝟔−𝟓)! 𝟓!
3024
9·8·7·6·5! 𝟔·𝟓!
24
4·3·2·1·5! 𝟏!·𝟓!
3 024
24

Example 6:
Example 8:

𝑛!
( 𝑛𝑟 ) (𝑛−𝑟)! 𝑟!
𝑛!
( 93 )
9! ( 𝑛𝑟 ) (𝑛−𝑟)! 𝑟!
(9−3)! 3!
6!
9·8·7·6! ( 63 )
6!·3·2·1 (6−3)! 3!
504 6·5·4·3!
6 3!·3·2·1
120
6

𝑛!
( 𝑛𝑟 ) (𝑛−𝑟)! 𝑟!
𝑛!
( 62 )
6! ( 𝑛𝑟 ) (𝑛−𝑟)! 𝑟!
(6−2)! 2!
9!
6·5·4! ( 92 ) (9−2)!2!
4!·2·1
30 9·8·7!
2 7!·2·1
72
2

Example 7:

𝑛!
( 𝑛𝑟 ) (𝑛−𝑟)! 𝑟!
6!
( 16 ) (6−1)! 1!
6·5!
5!·1
 Probability
P r o b a b i l i t y

Probability Example 2:


𝟏𝟐
Possible outcomes 𝟓𝟐
𝟑
 𝟏𝟑

Sample Space 𝟑𝟔
𝟓𝟐
 𝟗
𝟏𝟑

Event
𝟐
 𝟓𝟐
𝟏
𝟐𝟔

Example 3:
Event E

Probability Formula
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝒂𝒏 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑬
𝑷(𝑬) = 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆
𝐧(𝐄)
𝐏(𝐄) = 𝐧(𝐒)

Example 1:
{2 ,4 ,6,8,10,12,14}
15
𝟕
𝟏𝟓

{1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15}
15
𝐏 𝐁𝐁𝐁 𝟖
𝟏 𝟏𝟓
𝟖

𝐁𝐆𝐆 𝐆𝐁𝐆 𝐆𝐆𝐁

𝟑
𝟖
 {2,3,5,7,11,13}
15
6
15
𝟐
 ∩
𝟓

{4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15}
15
𝟖
𝟏𝟓

Odds
 

Example 1:
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
 𝑶𝒅𝒅𝒔 = 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒖𝒏𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔

Example 1:

𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 6 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 9

favorable outcomes
𝑛(𝑆) 𝑛(𝑆)
unfavorable outcomes
𝟓 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} {10,11,12,13,14,15}
𝟔 15 15
5 6
15 15
𝟏 𝟐
𝟑 𝟓
favorable outcomes
unfavorable outcomes
𝟒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
𝟕 𝑛(𝑆)
{2,4,6,8,10,12,14}
15
𝟕
𝟏𝟓
favorable outcomes
unfavorable outcomes
𝟐
𝟗

Probability of Union of ∩

Two Events 𝑃(𝐴)+𝑃(𝐵) −𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)

 𝑛(𝑆)
5+7−2
15
10 𝟐
15 𝟑
– ∩
 𝟑 𝟏
𝟔 𝟐
∩

𝑃(𝐴)+𝑃(𝐵)
𝑛(𝑆)
6+6
15
12 𝟒
15 𝟓

∩ 3 𝟏
12 𝟒
1 1 𝟏
𝑃(𝐴)+𝑃(𝐵) −𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)
2 2 𝟒
𝑛(𝑆)
3+2−1
15
𝟒 Example 2:
𝟏𝟓

Probability of independent events

Example 1:

15 𝟑
25 𝟓

𝟏
10 𝟐
𝟐
25 𝟓

3 2 𝟔
•
5 5 𝟐𝟓
 Quartiles for
Quartiles
for

Ungrouped Data
Ungrouped D ata
𝒏+𝟏
 𝑸𝟐 = ( ) 𝒕𝒉 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆
Statistics 𝟐

  𝑸𝟑 = 𝟑 (
𝒏+𝟏
) 𝒕𝒉 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆
𝟒

Example 1:


Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Position

Quartile


𝑄1 𝑄2
𝑛+1 𝑛+1
𝑄1 = 𝑡ℎ 𝑄2 = 𝑡ℎ
4 2
15+1 15+1
𝑄1 = 𝑡ℎ 𝑄2 = 𝑡ℎ
4 2
𝑄1 = 4 𝑄2 =
o 𝑸𝟏 = 𝟔 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝑸𝟐 = 𝟖 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔

𝑄3
3(𝑛+1)
𝑄3 = 𝑡ℎ
4
3(15+1) Upper quartile (𝑄3 ) −
𝑄3 = 𝑡ℎ Lower quartile (𝑄1 )
4
o 48
𝑄3 =
4
𝑡ℎ =9–6
𝑄3 = 12 =3
o
𝑸𝟑 = 𝟗 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔

Example 2:
Formulas:
𝒏+𝟏
 𝑸𝟏 = ( ) 𝒕𝒉 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆
𝟒
 Example 4:

𝑄1 𝑄2 
𝑛+1 𝑛+1
𝑄1 = 𝑡ℎ 𝑄2 = 𝑡ℎ 𝑄1 𝑄2
4 2 𝑛+1 𝑛+1
11+1 11+1 𝑄1 = 𝑡ℎ 𝑄2 = 𝑡ℎ
𝑄1 = 𝑡ℎ 𝑄2 = 𝑡ℎ 4 2
4 2 10+1 10+1
𝑄1 = 𝑄2 = 6 𝑄1 = 𝑡ℎ 𝑄2 = 𝑡ℎ
4 2
𝑸𝟏 = 𝟕𝟎 𝒄𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝑸𝟐 = 𝟖𝟎 𝒄𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝑄1 = 𝑄2 = 5.5
𝑄1 = 𝑄2 =
𝑄3 𝑸𝟏 = 𝑸𝟐 =
3(𝑛+1)
𝑄3 = 𝑡ℎ
4
3(11+1) 𝑄3 − 𝑄1 𝑄3
𝑄3 = 𝑡ℎ 3(𝑛+1)
36
4 = 120 – 70 𝑄3 = 𝑡ℎ
𝑄3 = 𝑡ℎ = 50 4
4 3(10+1)
𝑄3 = 9 𝑄3 = 𝑡ℎ 𝑄3 − 𝑄1
4
33
𝑸𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝒄𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝑄3 = 𝑡ℎ = 70.75 – 59.5
4
𝑄3 = 8.25 = 11.25
Example 3: 𝑄3 =
𝑸𝟑

𝑄1 𝑄2
𝑛+1 𝑛+1
𝑄1 = 𝑡ℎ 𝑄2 = 𝑡ℎ
4 2
12+1 12+1
𝑄1 = 𝑡ℎ 𝑄2 = 𝑡ℎ
4 2
𝑄1 = 𝑄2 = 6.5
𝑄1 = 𝑄2 =
𝑸𝟏 = 𝑸𝟐 = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟓

𝑄3
3(𝑛+1)
𝑄3 = 𝑡ℎ
4
3(12+1)
𝑄3 = 𝑡ℎ 𝑄3 − 𝑄1
4
39
𝑄3 = 𝑡ℎ = ₱33.5 – ₱23.5
4
𝑄3 = 9.75 = ₱10
𝑄3 =
𝑸𝟑
 Quartiles for
Quartiles for

grouped Data
Grouped D ata

Formulas: 𝑸𝟐
𝑛 50
𝒏 2 2
−𝒄𝒇𝒃
 𝑸𝟏 = 𝑳𝑩 + (𝟒𝒇𝑸𝟏 ) 𝒊
𝑛
𝒏 − 𝑐𝑓𝑏
−𝒄𝒇𝒃 𝑄2 = 𝐿𝐵 + ( 2 )𝑖
 𝑸𝟐 = 𝑳𝑩 + ( 𝟐
)𝒊 𝑓𝑄2
𝒇𝑸𝟐
25 − 23
𝑄2 = 121.5 + ( )6
𝟑𝒏 8
−𝒄𝒇𝒃 2
 𝑸𝟑 = 𝑳𝑩 + ( 𝟒𝒇𝑸𝟑 ) 𝒊 𝑄2 = 121.5 + ( ) 6
8
𝑄2 = 121.5 + 1.5
𝑸𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟑

𝑸𝟑
 3𝑛 3(50)

 4 4


 𝑛
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
 𝑄3 = 𝐿𝐵 + ( 2 )𝑖
𝑓𝑄3

Example 1: 𝑄3 = 127.5 + (
37.5 − 31
)6
9
6.5
𝑄3 = 127.5 + ( ) 6
9
𝑄3 = 121.5 + 4.33
𝑸𝟑 = 𝟏𝟑𝟏. 𝟖𝟑

𝑄3 − 𝑄1
131.83 − 101.83
𝟑𝟎

Example 2:

𝑸𝟏
𝑛 50
4 4

𝑛
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
𝑄1 = 𝐿𝐵 + (4 )𝑖
𝑓𝑄1
12.5 − 6
𝑄1 = 97.5 + ( )6
9
6.5
𝑄1 = 97.5 + ( ) 6
9
𝑄1 = 97.5 + 4.33
𝑸𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟖𝟑
 𝑸𝟏
𝑛 30
4 4

𝑁
−𝑐𝑓𝑏
𝑄1 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + ( 4 𝑓 )𝑖
𝑄1
7.5−5
𝑄1 = 19.5 + ( )5
6
2.5
𝑄1 = 19.5 + ( 6 ) 5
𝑄1 = 19.5 + 2.08
𝑸𝟏 = 21.58 𝑸𝟏
𝑵 𝟔𝟎
= = 𝟏𝟓
𝟒 𝟒
𝑸𝟐
𝑛 30
2 2 𝑁
−𝑐𝑓𝑏
𝑄1 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + ( 4 𝑓 )𝑖
𝑄1
15−10
𝑁
−𝑐𝑓𝑏 𝑄1 = 10,999.5 + ( ) 3,000
6
𝑄2 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + ( 2 )𝑖 5
𝑓𝑄2
𝑄1 = 10,999.5 + (6) 3,000
15−11
𝑄2 = 24.5 + ( 5
)5 𝑄1 = 10,999.5 + 2,500
4 𝑸𝟏 = 13,499.5
𝑄2 = 24.5 + (5) 5
𝑄2 = 24.5 + 4
𝑸𝟐 = 28.5 𝑸𝟐
𝑵 𝟔𝟎
= = 30
𝟐 𝟐
𝑸𝟑
3𝑛 3(30)
4 4 𝑁
−𝑐𝑓𝑏
𝑄2 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + ( 2 𝑓 )𝑖
𝑄2
30−16
3𝑁
−𝑐𝑓𝑏
𝑄2 = 13,999.5 + ( ) 3,000
18
𝑄3 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + ( 4 𝑓 )𝑖 14
𝑄3 𝑄2 = 13,999.5 + (18) 3,000
22.5−16
𝑄3 = 29.5 + ( )5 𝑄2 = 13,999.5 + 2,333.33
7
6.5 𝑸𝟐 = 16,332.83
𝑄3 = 29.5 + ( 7 ) 5
𝑄3 = 29.5 + (0.93)5
𝑄3 = 29.5 + 4.64
𝑸𝟑
𝟑𝑵 𝟑(𝟔𝟎)
𝑸𝟑 = 34.14
𝟒
=
𝟒
= 45

𝑄3 − 𝑄1 3𝑁
−𝑐𝑓𝑏
34.14 − 21.58 𝑄3 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + ( 4 𝑓 )𝑖
𝑄3
𝟏𝟐. 𝟓𝟔 45−44
𝑄3 = 19,999.5 + ( ) 3,000
7
1
𝑄3 = 19,999.5 + (7) 3,000
Example 3:
𝑄3 = 19,999.5 + 428.57
𝑸𝟑 = 20,428.07

Q3 − Q1
20,428.07 – 13,499.5
6,928.57