Abstract
Expressionism
Evolution of
communication
arts
2024-25 AU23A12
Shantanu45
Bhagchandani
Abstract The
New
School York
Expressionism
was a.k.a Irascible
Initial artists of
of art abstract
18
expressionism
York in 1940’s
in New
Histo
ry Abstract art emerged .
alongside Cubism in .
.
Paris in the early 20th . .
century, with Paris as the
epicenter . .
for movements like Futurism, Dada, and .
Surrealism until WWII. The Nazi
persecution of . ”degenerate art"
Degenerate
forced many artists to flee to the . art . .
United States, making New York the new avant-
In the early 1940s, Peggy
Guggenheim
American scene
painting was seen as
insufficient for the
times. Peggy
Guggenheim, having
fled Europe with her Mark
husband Max Ernst, Rothko
opened the Art of This Jackson
Pollock
Century gallery in
1942, showcasing
both European and
American avant-garde
artists. Jackson
Pollock had his first
When Guggenheim moved to
Venice in 1947, artists like Drip paintings by
Pollock needed new Jackson Pollock
representation. The Betty
Parsons Gallery, opened in
1946, began representing
Pollock, Rothko, Barnett
Newman, and Clyfford Still. It
was here that Pollock
developed his drip paintings
in 1947 and Newman
Colour field
exhibited his breakthrough paintings by
Introduct
ion
The abstract expressionists were mostly based in New York City, and also became
known as the New York school. The name evokes their aim to make art that while abstract was
also expressive or emotional in its effect. They were inspired by the surrealist idea that art
should come from the unconscious mind, and by the automatism of artist Joan Miró.
Within abstract expressionism were two broad groupings: the action painters, who attacked
their canvases with expressive brush strokes; and the colour field painters who filled
their canvases with large areas of a single colour.
Action Color field
painting painting
The action painters were led Mark Rothko, Barnett
by Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning, who Types of Newman, and Clyfford Still
worked in a spontaneous abstract were interested in religion
improvisatory manner often Expressioni and myth, creating simple
using large brushes to make compositions with large
sweeping gestural marks. sm areas of color to evoke
Pollock famously placed his contemplation. In 1948,
canvas on the ground and Newman wrote, "Instead of
danced around it pouring making cathedrals out of
paint from the can or trailing Christ, man, or life, we are
it from the brush or a stick. In making it out of ourselves,
this way the action painters out of our own feelings." This
At the time, only a few
Action
1951 Irascibles article and
photograph
galleries, including
Parsons, Samuel Kootz
Painting
Key artist: Jackson
Pollock
Gallery, and Charles Egan
Gallery, showed the New
York School artists. These
galleries faced financial
difficulties, with low sales
prices for artists' works.
The Kootz Gallery even
closed in 1948 due to
financial strain. The New
York School's critical and
Color Field
financial success came
later, bolstered by articles
Painting
Key artist: Mark
in Life magazine,
Rothkoparticularly a 1949
Women in the movement of abstract
expressionism
Although the
movement has One such was Helen
been largely
depicted
throughout
Introduct
Frankenthaler .
Frankenthaler was
Helen
Frankenthaler
ion
influenced by Abstract Expressionist
historical painting practices, but
documentation as developed her own
one belonging to distinct approach to the
the paint- style. She invented the
splattered, heroic "soak-stain" technique, in
male artist, there which she poured
were several turpentine-thinned paint
important female onto canvas, producing
Abstract luminous color washes
Expressionists that
The story of The Irascible 18
The Irascibles or
Irascible 18 were the
labels given to a group
of American abstract
artists who put their
names to an open
letter, written
Museum of Art,inrejecting
1950, the
to the president of the
museum's exhibition "American
Metropolitan
Painting Today - 1950" and
boycotting the accompanying
competition. The subsequent
media coverage of the protest
and a now-iconic group
photograph that appeared in
Life magazine gave them
notoriety, popularized the term
Abstract Expressionist, and
The Irascible 18 or The
Irascibles
Willem Hedda Stern
De
Kooning
Ad
Adolf GottliebReinhard
t
Robert
Paul
Motherwell
Richard William ‘Jacks Bradley
Clyfford Still
Pousett Baziotes on walker
e-Dart Polloc Tomlin
k’
Jimmy James
Ernst brook
Barnett Mark Rothko
Theodoro Newman
s Stamos
Abstract expressionism
paintings of 1950’s
1951 D no.1 by Chief by Franz Autumn Rhythm by
Clyfford Still Kline Jackson Pollock
Bull Fighting by Willem De Vir Heroics Sublimus by Barnett
Kooning Newman
Warm
Regards
:Shantanu
Bhagchandani