REVISION RECORD

Date Version Number Revision Level

September 1996 1 0

October 1996 1 1

December 1997 2 0

December 1998 7 0

January 1999 7 1

January 2000 8 0

September 2000 9 0

November 2002 10 0

May 2004 11 0

February 2007 13 0

June 2009 14 1

July 2011 14 2

January 2012 14 3

August 2017 16 0

February 2019 16 1

December 2019 16 2
 SPECIAL NOTE

As SES software is constantly evolving, with frequently created updates, minor

discrepancies may appear between this How To manual illustrations of the
software interface and the present software version interface. These differences
are cosmetic in nature and do not impact the validity of the guidance and
procedures provided herein. Furthermore, small differences in the reported and
plotted numerical values may exist due to continuous enhancements of the
computation algorithms.

Address comments concerning this manual to:

Safe Engineering Services & technologies ltd.

___________________________________________
3055 Blvd. Des Oiseaux, Laval, Québec, Canada, H7L 6E8
Tel.: (450) 622-5000 FAX: (450) 622-5053
Email: support@[Link]
Web Site: [Link]

Copyright © 1995-2021 Safe Engineering Services & technologies ltd.

All rights reserved.
 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

Table of Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Intended Readers ............................................................................ 1
1.2 Objective of this Manual ................................................................ 1
1.3 Organization of this Manual........................................................... 1
1.4 What’s in the Professional and Demo Versions ............................. 2
1.5 Essential Software Documentation and Support ............................ 2
2 Starting SES Software ............................................................................... 4
2.1 Introduction .................................................................................... 4
2.2 Description of the SES’s Software Folder Icons ............................ 4
2.3 Software Packages ......................................................................... 5
2.4 Tools, Utilities and Interfaces ........................................................ 6
3 Starting CDEGS in the Windows Environment .................................... 11
3.1 Working Directory and JobID ...................................................... 11
3.2 Start-up CDEGS Window-Modules ............................................. 12
3.2.1 Definition of the Case .................................................................. 13
3.2.2 Selection of the Computation Module ......................................... 13
3.2.3 Selection of the Session Type ...................................................... 13
3.3 Tools Tab ..................................................................................... 15
3.4 Legacy Tools Tab......................................................................... 17
3.5 Options Tab .................................................................................. 18
3.6 Help Tab....................................................................................... 19
4 CDEGS Input Session – Model Specification ........................................ 21
4.1 Starting an Input Session .............................................................. 21
4.2 Field Types ................................................................................... 21
4.3 Key and Mouse Behavior ............................................................. 23
4.4 Common Fields, Buttons & Windows ......................................... 24
4.4.1 Input Window of MALT, MALZ, and HIFREQ Modules ........... 25
4.4.2 Output Window of MALT, MALZ, and HIFREQ Modules ........ 26
4.5 Other Input Toolbox Features ...................................................... 26
4.5.1 RESAP Computation Module ...................................................... 26
4.5.2 TRALIN Computation Module .................................................... 27
4.5.3 SPLITS Computation Module ...................................................... 29
4.5.4 FCDIST Computation Module ..................................................... 29
4.5.5 FFTSES Computation Module ..................................................... 30
5 Software Computation Module Interface .............................................. 31
5.1 Introduction .................................................................................. 31
5.2 Invoking the Computation Modules ............................................. 31
5.3 RESAP Computation Module ...................................................... 34
5.4 MALT Computation Module ....................................................... 34
5.5 MALZ Computation Module ....................................................... 34
5.6 SPLITS Computation Module ...................................................... 34
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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

5.7 FCDIST Computation Module ..................................................... 34

5.8 TRALIN Computation Module .................................................... 35
5.9 HIFREQ Computation Module .................................................... 35
5.10 FFTSES Computation Module ..................................................... 35
6 Output Data Processor ............................................................................ 38
6.1 Introduction .................................................................................. 38
6.2 Viewing, Printing, Plotting and Exporting Computation Results 38
6.3 Plotting and Reporting Results Using SES Output Processors .... 38
6.3.1 SESResultsViewer Configuration and Computation Plots and
Reports Processor ......................................................................... 39
6.3.2 GRServer Plotting and Reporting Software Tool ......................... 40
6.3.3 SESSystemViewer Interactive Plotting Tool ............................... 41
6.4 Further Details.............................................................................. 41
7 Tutorials and Getting Started with your Engineering Projects ........... 42
7.1 Documentation ............................................................................. 42
7.2 Reaching SES via EMAIL ........................................................... 42
7.3 Accessing the SES Web Site through the Internet ....................... 43
8 File and Extension Naming Conventions ............................................... 44
8.1 Introduction .................................................................................. 44
8.2 File Naming Conventions ............................................................ 44
8.3 Extension Naming Conventions ................................................... 45
8.4 Shared Files for RESAP, MALT, SPLITS, FCDIST, and SIRPS 48
9 Description of SES’s Software Computation Modules ......................... 49
9.1 Command Input Mode (SICL) ..................................................... 49
9.2 Software Computation Modules................................................... 49
9.3 How To… Engineering Manuals ................................................. 53

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

1 Introduction

1.1 Intended Readers

This manual is intended for all users of SES software, i.e., the CDEGS software
package and its sub-packages (AutoGround, MultiGround, MultiLines, and
MultiFields), and all other fully integrated software packages (Autogrid Pro,
AutoGroundDesign, CorrCAD, Right-of-Way, SESEnviroPlus, SESShield-3D,
and SESTLC) and associated tools running on Microsoft Windows (Windows 7,
8 and 10). Note that this manual uses the brand name CDEGS to designate all
SES’s software packages. CDEGS stands for “Current Distribution,
Electromagnetic fields, Grounding and Soil structure analysis.”

1.2 Objective of this Manual

The objectives of this manual are threefold:
 Introduce you to SES’s software packages and tools.
 Show you how to use SES software in the Windows environment.
 Guide you through the most pertinent documents included in the
documentation that comes with SES software.

1.3 Organization of this Manual

This manual is organized as follows:
Introduction:
Chapter 1 Introduces SES software, its structure, available documentation
and technical support.
Getting Started:
Chapter 2 Describes the capabilities and features of all software packages,
software tools and utilities and describes briefly how to start all
SES’s software packages.
Using the CDEGS Group of SES Software:
Chapter 3 Describes how to start the CDEGS group of software packages.
Chapter 4 Describes how to use the various input data processors in order
to specify and visualize the system data of the CDEGS group of
software packages.
Chapter 5 Describes how to process your case in order to carry out the
required computations of the CDEGS group of software
packages.
Chapter 6 Describes how to report and display the computation results
using the various output data processors of the CDEGS group
of software packages.
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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

References:
Chapter 7 Refers you to the manuals and guides which include complete
tutorials depicting comprehensive and realistic engineering
problems.
Chapter 8 Presents the default file naming conventions and default file
assignments applicable to the software environment.
Chapter 9 Describes the functions and main features of the computation
modules.

1.4 What’s in the Professional and Demo Versions

There are no differences between the demo version and the professional licensed
version except for the capability of analyzing cases other than those provided in
the SES’s software distribution media. All the required input and output files
generated by the software for all the examples referred to in the “How To…”
engineering manuals are available and can be explored in detail. This can be
carried out easily by following one of these manuals. For example, if you are using
the AutoGround or MultiGround software package, the [Link] manual
entitled “A Simple Substation Grounding Analysis” should be referred to in order
to learn MultiGround and have a complete demonstration of its capabilities.
Therefore, users of the demonstration version can indeed perform all of the steps
outlined in the “How To…” engineering manuals, including generation of graphs
and reports from the pre-run sample cases provided.

1.5 Essential Software Documentation and Support

Using the Documentation Effectively
For installation and general information on the software, etc., please refer to the
printed documents that are included in the software box. A PDF copy of all the
documents is also included on the SES’s software distribution media. For
example, for software installation, refer to the \PDF\Installation_Guide.pdf file
on your SES’s software distribution media (a printed copy is provided in the
software box).
If you are a first-time user, we recommend that you read the “How To…”
engineering manuals suggested below for each software package. For example,
for the AutoGround or MultiGround software package, refer to the tutorial entitled
“A Simple Substation Grounding Analysis.” This document is available as a
PDF file on the SES’s software distribution media
(\PDF\HowTo\[Link]). If you need help during a session, context-
sensitive online help is available to provide you with fully detailed information
about specific commands or options. Just press the F1 key.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

Extended Distribution Media Documentation & Online Help

An extensive online technical help reference is available by default to all SES’s
software users. In addition, the “How To…” engineering manuals are available
on the software distribution media in PDF format.
Telephone/Fax/E-Mail Assistance
SES's specialists are available to answer your questions on weekdays from 8:00
A.M. to 7:00 P.M. Eastern Time. Do not hesitate to ask for help in:
 Installing or running the software.
 Understanding the input data or engineering concepts related to each
software package or defining appropriate computer models to study your
problems.
For more extensive help, SES organizes regular training seminars and can provide
training at your site. Call us or send us emailsfor more details.

Toll Free: (800) 668-3737

Telephone: (450) 622-5000
Fax: (450) 622-5053
Email: support@[Link]
info@[Link]
Web Site: [Link]/
Click this link [Link]/or type it in your browser for an up-to-date list
of our international toll-free numbers.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

2 Starting SES Software

2.1 Introduction
This chapter describes how to start a session using the various environments
available on a PC.

2.2 Description of the SES’s Software Folder Icons

Once the installation is complete, you will be able to find the following SES
software folders in the Start | Programs menu.

Main Folder:

Subfolder Tools:

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

In the SES’s software <Version#> group folder, where <Version#> is the version
number of the software, you should see the icons representing AutoGrid Pro,
AutoGroundDesign, CDEGS, CDEGS-Legacy, CorrCAD, Right-of-Way,
SESEnviroPlus, SESShield-3D, and SESTLC software packages, as well as
four folders. The Documentation folder contains help documents for various
utilities and software packages. The Program Folders provide shortcuts to
documents, installation and project folders. The System folder allows you to
conveniently set up software protection (security) USB keys. Various utilities can
be found in the Tools folder. The main function of each software package and
utility is described hereafter.

2.3 Software Packages

 AutoGroundDesign offers powerful and intelligent functions that help
electrical engineers design safe grounding installations quickly and
efficiently. The time devoted to design a safe and also cost-effective
grounding grid is minimized by the use of fully automated techniques and
appropriate databases. This module can help reduce considerably the time
needed to complete a grounding design.

 AutoGrid Pro provides a simple, integrated environment for carrying out

detailed grounding studies. This package combines the computational powers
of the computation modules RESAP, MALT, and FCDIST with a simple,
integrated and largely automated interface.

 Right-of-Way is a powerful integrated software package for the analysis of

electromagnetic interference between electric power lines and adjacent
installations such as pipelines and communication lines. It is especially
designed to simplify and to automate the modeling of complex Right-of-Way
configurations. The Right-of-Way interface runs the TRALIN and SPLITS
computation modules and several other related components in the
background.

 SESEnviroPlus is a sophisticated program that evaluates the environmental

impact (radio interference, audible noise, corona losses, and electromagnetic
fields) of AC, DC or mixed transmission line systems.

 SESShield-3D is a powerful graphical program for the design and analysis

of protective measures against lightning for substations and electrical
networks. Its 3D graphical environment can be used to model accurately
systems with complex geometries.

 SESTLC is a simplified analysis tool useful to quickly estimate the inductive

and conductive electromagnetic interference levels on metallic utility paths

5
 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

such as pipelines and railways located close to electric lines (and not
necessarily parallel to them). It computes the magnetic and electric fields of
arbitrary configurations of parallel transmission and distribution lines.
Finally, it can also compute line parameters.

 CorrCAD tackles a large variety of cathodic protection design tasks and

related issues, onshore and offshore, and can also predict the degree of
corrosion control provided by a system. A typical application for corrosion
control includes Impressed Cathodic Current Protection systems (ICCP) and
use of sacrificial anodes in anodic protection systems, where anodic current
is impressed on corroding material to enforce passivation. Another
application is to estimate the effect of stray currents such as those produced
by HVDC electrodes or DC rail traction systems on the corrosion of buried
metallic structures. CorrCAD can evaluate the corrosion status of the
structure and help optimize the location and characteristics of the corrosion
protective system (such as ICCP) to minimize stray current interference
effects on protected structures such as pipelines.

 CDEGS is a powerful set of integrated software tools designed to accurately

analyze problems involving grounding, electromagnetic fields,
electromagnetic interference including AC/DC interference mitigation
studies and various aspects of cathodic protection and anode bed analysis
with a global perspective, starting literally from the ground up. It consists of
eight computation modules: RESAP, MALT, MALZ, SPLITS, TRALIN,
HIFREQ, FCDIST, and FFTSES. This is the primary interface used to enter
data, run computations, and examine results for all software packages other
than Right-of-Way, AutoGrid Pro, AutoGroundDesign, SESTLC,
SESShield-3D, CorrCAD, and SESEnviroPlus. This interface also provides
access to the utilities listed below.

CDEGS is accessible via a modern, user-friendly and flexible main interface.

A legacy interface, called CDEGS-Legacy, is also available.

2.4 Tools, Utilities and Interfaces

 AutoTransient automates the process required to carry out a transient
analysis with the HIFREQ and FFTSES modules.
 CETU simplifies the transfer of Right-of-Way and SPLITS output data to
MALZ or HIFREQ. A typical application is the calculation of conductive
interference levels in an AC interference study. This tool is integrated in the
Right-of-Way software package.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

 FFT21Data extracts data directly from FFTSES’s computation output

database files (file of type .f21) in a spreadsheet-compatible format or in a
format recognized by the SESPLOT utility.
 GraRep is a program that displays and prints graphics or text files. For more
information on GraRep see Chapter 6 of the Utilities Manual or invoke the
Windows Help item from the menu bar.
 GRServer is an advanced graphical and input/output processor which
displays, plots, prints, and modifies configuration and computation results
obtained during previous and current CDEGS sessions.
 GRSplits displays a static 2D plot of the circuit models entered in SPLITS
or FCDIST input and computation database files. This program greatly
simplifies the task of manipulating, visualizing and checking the components
of a SPLITS or FCDIST circuit.
 GRSplits-3D is a powerful interactive 3D graphical environment that allows
you to view and edit the circuit data contained in SPLITS input files and to
simultaneously visualize the computation results.
 RowCAD is a graphical user interface for the visualization and specification
of the geometrical data of Right-of-Way projects. Its graphical environment
can be used to visualize, specify and edit the path data of Right-of-Way, and
to define the electrical properties of those paths.
 SESAmpacity computes the ampacity, the temperature rise or the minimum
size of a bare buried conductor during a fault. It also computes the
temperature of bare overhead conductors for a given current or the current
corresponding to a given temperature, accounting for environmental
conditions.
 SESBat is a utility that allows you to submit several CDEGS computation
module runs at once. The programs can be run with different JobIDs and from
different Working Directories.
 SESCAD is a CAD program which allows you to create, modify, and view
complex grounding networks and aboveground metallic structures, in
realistic 3D and 2D views. It is a graphical utility for the development of
conductor networks for the MultiGround, MultiGroundZ， and MultiFields
software packages.
 SESCircuitSimulator is an electrical circuit analysis program for studying
the performance of a power system network, taking into account the presence
of all neutral conductors, ground metallic networks and earth media under
normal, imbalance, or fault conditions. It is the successor to the SPLITS
legacy interface.
 SESCombiner can perform linear superpositions of the computation results
stored in several compatible HIFREQ database (F21) files.
7
 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

 SESConductorDatabase gives you access to the SES’s Conductor Database.

It allows you to view the electrical properties of conductors in the database,
and to add new conductors to the database or modify their properties. It has
been superseded by the SESLibrary tool (see below) and is available here as
a legacy tool.
 SESConverter is a DXF-DWG Converter tool that can be used to import
CAD based files to various SES’s software package compatible input files or
export various SES’s software package input command files to CAD files
compatible with the DXF or DWG format. The program allows filtering of
data to be imported aided by a 2D viewer of selected data, to avoid excessive
objects creation in SES’s software package compatible files.
 SESCrossSection provides an interactive interface with direct visual system
representation for the specification of conductor characteristics and locations
within a conductor path cross-section. The program allows data specification
for eventual use in CorrCAD, RowCAD, Right-of-Way, Cable and
Conductor modes of SESLibrary, SESeBundle, and finally in Circuit, Group
and Single modes of the TRALIN computation module.
 SESCurveFit is a general curve fitting tool with a special focus on
"Polarization curves" used in CorrCAD. It incorporates a curve digitizer
utility as well.
 SESeBundle finds the characteristics of an equivalent single conductor that
represents accurately a bundle of conductors, as far as their series impedance
is concerned. This utility is particularly useful to simplify models in
computation modules, such as HIFREQ, where reducing the number of
conductors is important to keep the computational time low.
 SESEnviroPlot is an intuitive application that dynamically displays
computation data produced by the SESEnviroPlus software module.
 SESFcdist is an interactive and visually intuitive interface that supersedes
the legacy FCDIST computation module interface. It allows users to prepare
input data, compute and view results corresponding to the FCDIST
(simplified fault current distribution) computation module.
 SESFFT is a Fast Fourier Transform computation module intuitive interface
that supersedes the legacy FFTSES computation module interface. It helps
you automate time domain (lightning and switching surges) analyses based
on frequency domain results obtained from CDEGS computation modules
such as SPLITS, MALZ, and HIFREQ. The forward and inverse Fast Fourier
transformations, the sample selection of the frequency spectrum, and related
reporting and plotting functions have been automated in SESFFT

8
 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

 SESGSE rapidly computes the ground resistances of simple grounding

systems, such as ground rods, horizontal wires, plates, rings, etc., in uniform
soils. SESGSE also estimates the required size of such grounding systems to
achieve a given ground resistance.
 SESImpedance computes the internal longitudinal impedance per unit
length of long conductors of arbitrary geometry and composition, and whose
cross-section does not vary over the length of the conductor. The program
uses the Finite Element Method (FEM) for calculating the electrical
characteristics of conductors and is capable of handling conductors of
arbitrary shapes and realistic material properties. The calculations fully
account for skin effect, and can be carried out at low or high frequency.
 SESLibrary allows you to select, inspect and import the properties of a large
number of components that can be part of models for many SES’s software
computation modules. Users can create and define their own components as
well. It currently includes three comprehensive separate databases containing
respectively conductors, power cables and fence posts.
 SESPlot provides 2D plots from data read from a text or CSV based files. It
is used by several SES’s Software packages and tools.
 SESPlotViewer is a tool used by SESEnviroPlus and SESTLC for 2D plot
rendering.
 SESResap is a resistivity analysis computation module interface that
supersedes the legacy RESAP computation module interface. It is an
interactive and visually intuitive interface that allows users to prepare input
data, compute and view results corresponding to the RESAP computation
module.
 SESResultsViewer processes the computation data and results of all
computation modules in CDEGS, offering a complete solution for displaying
plots and reports in an integrated environment. It presents an appealing layout
with intuitive organization of its settings that use sensible defaults that, in
turn, allow for a fast configuration of the settings in order to achieve the
desired output results. It replaces the legacy Output Toolbox interface.
 SESScript is a script interpreter that adds programming capabilities to SES’s
input files. SESScript can systematically generate hundreds of files from a
single input file containing a mixture of the SICL command language and
scripting code and user-defined parameter ranges and increments.
 SESShield provides optimum 2D solutions for the protection of transmission
lines and substations against direct lightning strikes and optimizes the
location and configuration of shield wires and masts in order to prevent the
exposure of energized conductors, busses and equipment. It can also perform
risk assessment calculations associated with lightning strikes on various
structures.
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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

 SESSystemViewer is a powerful 3D graphics rendition software that allows

you to visualize the complete system including the entire network and
surrounding soil structure. Furthermore, computation results are displayed
right on the system components.
 SESTextEditor is an enhanced text editor that recognizes the command
structure of the SICL (SES Input Command Language) input file associated
to the module identified by the file prefix. The program provides syntax
highlighting and a command parameter identification tooltip to greatly
simplify manual editing of a SICL .f05 input file.
 SESThreshold is a utility that is used to compute various threshold limits, as
recommended by industry standards. It is presently restricted to computing
maximum allowable safe touch and step voltages limits. Coupled with an
intuitive graphical environment, it allows to specify geometrical zones that
represent areas with different threshold limits. The computed threshold and
zone boundaries are shown on generated Spot 2D plots which enable safe and
unsafe regions to be easily identified. SESThreshold can be used as a
standalone application or accessed through SESResultsViewer.
 SESTralin is an interactive and visually intuitive interface that supersedes
the legacy TRALIN computation module interface. It allows users to prepare
input data, compute and view results corresponding to the TRALIN
computation module.
 SoilModelEditor is a standalone module with an interactive graphical
interface that assists in the creation of soils models for all relevant target SES
modules.
 SoilModelManager is a software tool that automates the selection of soil
model structures that apply during various climatic seasons.
 SoilTransfer is a utility that allows you to transfer the soil model found in
several SES files into several MALT, MALZ or HIFREQ input (F05) files.
 TransformerDataEditor is used by several SES applications to specify the
characteristics and locations of single- and three-phase transformers.
 TransposIT is a tool for the specification and analysis of line transpositions
on coupled electric power line circuits. It allows users to determine the
optimal number of power line transpositions and their required locations to
ensure that voltage unbalance is kept within predefined limits.
 WMFPrint displays and prints WMF files (Windows Metafiles) generated
by CDEGS or any other software.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

3 Starting CDEGS in the Windows Environment

As already mentioned in Chapter 2, because of the flexible and intentional
partitioned structure of the CDEGS interface, its components are loosely
connected. Therefore, it is important to have a good understanding of the interface
structure, how the components are related and how to navigate within each
component. This chapter and the following Chapters 4, 5 and 6 are devoted to this
task. They describe the CDEGS group environment and how to operate a software
package within the group. More precisely:
 Chapter 4 describes the Input Data Processor interface, i.e., how to
specify the required input data.
 Chapter 5 describes the Computation Modules interface, i.e., how to
process and compute the results pertaining to the specified system.
 Chapter 6 describes the Output Data Processor interface, i.e., how to
display, view, and plot the computation results.

Start the CDEGS Windows interface by double-clicking on the CDEGS icon

located in the SES’s software group folder. A JobID list appears in the main
CDEGS window. At this point, it is worthwhile to describe in greater detail the
Working Directory (or project folder location) and JobID (or project scenario)
before proceeding further.

3.1 Working Directory and JobID

The JobID string you supply in
the Start-up CDEGS window is
used to uniquely identify all
your input and output files. The
interface module will
automatically append the JobID
string to all file names created
during a session according to
the following format:
XY_JobID.Fnn
The file prefix XY indicates a two-letter abbreviation used for the name of the
computation module associated with the input file which will be created, modified
or simply read as input. The abbreviations are RS for RESAP, MT for MALT,
MZ for MALZ, HI for HIFREQ, and so on. The two digits “nn” are used to
indicate the type of file (e.g., 09 for output, 05 for input and 21 for the computation
database files). See Chapter 8 for file naming conventions and default files
assignments. In the JobID dialog box, you have the following options:
 You can define the working directory by entering the directory of your
choice in the Working Directory field. If you specify a directory that
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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

does not exist, it will be created automatically. You can also browse for
an existing directory using the Browse button.
 You can use a JobID name used previously by highlighting the name of
your choice in the JobIDs list.
 You can create a new JobID by typing a new JobID name in the Current
JobID field. If the JobID field is left blank, the buttons corresponding to
the computation modules (programs) will become inactive.
 You can delete a previously used JobID name by highlighting that name
in the JobIDs list and by clicking on the Delete button.
 If you are unsure which files you are looking for, then simply press the
Browse button and the JobID list box will be replaced by a Browse
window with different search criteria. The most common search filters
are available in the Criteria list (in the Browse section) but one can
optionally type in a custom search criterion. Once you have found the
file you are looking for simply double-click on the file, or select the file
and press Open, and the working directory and JobID will automatically
be deposited in the correct fields and the Browse section will close,
reverting to the JobID list.
 If you wish to restore the previously deleted JobID entry in the list, click
on the Undo button.

3.2 Start-up CDEGS Window-Modules

The start-up window requires the following inputs:
 Identification of the case (i.e., the JobID and working directory as
explained in the previous section).
 Selection of the intended computation module (program) in which the

design will be specified, computed, or examined.

 Selection of the session type mode: Specify, Compute or Examine.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

3.2.1 Definition of the Case

The case is defined either by selecting the JobID and working directory from the
list or by creating a new JobID and/or working directory.
An existing case that is not in the JobID list can be selected by clicking on the
Browse button and selecting either an input file or output file that belongs to the
case.

3.2.2 Selection of the Computation Module

As will be discussed later in Chapter 5, each computation module has a button
representing it in the start-up window.

Clicking on the program button will show the available session types for the
specified case (i.e., JobID and working directory).

3.2.3 Selection of the Session Type

The session types that are available for each computation
module (as shown here in the screen capture to the right) are
listed below:
1. Specify
This is the input session which allows you to enter the input
specifications for the computer model in the intended software
package.
2. Compute
This is the computation session which allows you to execute the
computation modules for the input specifications entered in the input
session for the intended software package.
3. Examine
This is the output session which allows you to view the results of the
computation modules in the form of plots and reports for the intended
software package.
Before launching any computation module, note the following about the CDEGS
user interface:
 If the computer model has not been created for the selected module, the
two status indicators under the module icon are red ( ), as shown
below. You can then click on the drop-down arrow and select
Specify to build a new model.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

 If the model of the selected module is created but has not been run yet
(i.e., a valid *.F05 input file exists, but no output files), the color of the
left indicator changes to green (the right one remains red). You can click
Specify to modify the model or Compute to launch the computations, as
shown in the following figure. Note that for the modules not included in
your license, this Compute option is locked.

 Once the model for the selected module is computed (i.e., a valid *.F21
computation database file exists), the second status indicator turns to
green. You can click Specify to modify the model, Compute to relaunch
the computations or Examine to view and plot the results. For the
example shown below, the MALZ model is created (F05 file), it has been
run (F21 file), and therefore, the results can be viewed. Note that if for
any reason, the F21 file is the only one present in the project folder, only
the second indicator is turned to green.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

The flow of switching from one session to another is graphically shown below.
Note that you can always return to the start-up JobID window from any session.

3.3 Tools Tab

The Tools tab launches the tools that are part of the CDEGS environment. An
advantage to starting the utilities from the CDEGS interface (instead of from
Windows Explorer or the SES’s software program shortcut folder) is that the
JobID and working directory for those utilities are automatically set by whatever
is selected in CDEGS.

The Tool items are briefly explained in the same order as shown in the Tools tab.
See also Chapter 2 for a more detailed description. Most of the tools are also
accessible via the above toolbar buttons.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

Tools Description
A graphical utility for the development of conductor networks in
SESCAD
the MALT, MALZ, and HIFREQ computation modules.
A graphical user interface for the visualization and specification
of the geometrical data of Right-of-Way projects. Its graphical
RowCAD environment can be used to visualize, specify and edit the path
data of Right-of-Way, and to define the electrical properties of
those paths.
The computation modules can be queued in a batch process under
SESBat
different JobIDs and working folders.
Processes the computation data and results of all computation
SESResultsViewer modules in CDEGS, offering a complete solution for displaying
the plots and reports in an integrated viewer.
An alternative to the SESResultsViewer Output Processor in
GRServer CDEGS; it can generate advanced plots.
A powerful interactive 3D graphical environment to view and edit
GRSPLITS-3D the circuit data contained in SPLITS input files and to
simultaneously visualize the computation results.
Computes the minimum size of a conductor for a given current, its
SESAmpacity
ampacity, or its temperature rise during a fault.
A standalone module with an interactive graphical interface that
SoilModelEditor assists in the creation of soil models for all relevant target SES
modules.
Quick determination of the type of ground system required to
SESGSE
achieve a specified ground resistance value in a uniform soil.
Automates the process required to carry out a transient analysis
AutoTransient
with the HIFREQ and FFTSES computation modules.
Automates the analysis of the optimum transposition scenario on
TransposIT
a power system network.
Generates files for parametric analyses of a combination of
SESScript parameters in an input file (.F05). It automatically creates the
input files for the specified values of the parameters.
Simplifies the task of plotting results from the computation
FFT21Data
module database not yet supported by FFTSES.
SoilModelManager Winter and spring condition equivalent soil model builder.

SESShield A 2D lightning shielding analysis program.

Includes three comprehensive separate databases containing
SESLibrary
respectively conductors, power cables and fence posts.
An application for computing acceptable threshold limits, as
SESThreshold
recommended by industry standards, for touch and step voltages.
Finds the characteristics of an equivalent single conductor
SESeBundle representing a bundle of conductors, as far as their series
(longitudinal) impedance is concerned.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

Provides an interactive interface with direct visual system

SESCrossSection representation for the specification of conductor characteristics
and locations within a conductor path cross-section.
A general curve fitting tool with a special focus on "Polarization
SESCurveFit
curves" used in CorrCAD.
Computes the internal impedance per unit length of long
SESImpedance conductors of arbitrary geometry and composition, and whose
cross-section does not vary over the length of the conductor.
SESPlotViewer A tool used by SESEnviroPlus and SESTLC for plot rendering.

An interactive 3D viewer of the entire network, surrounding soil

SESSystemViewer
structure and computation results.

Transfers the soil model found in several SES files into several
SoilTransfer
MALT, MALZ or HIFREQ input (F05) files.

The Import | Input and Export | Output options available in the

Tools tab launches SESConverter that can be used to import CAD
based files to various SES’s software package compatible input files
or export various SES’s software package input command files to
CAD files compatible with the DXF or DWG format. The program
allows filtering of data to be imported thanks to a 2D viewer that
shows the selected data, to avoid excessive conductor creation in the SES’s
software package compatible files. Export from computation database files to text
files and import from appropriate text files to computation database files are other
possible options that can be selected.

3.4 Legacy Tools Tab

Some of the SES tools are kept under the
Legacy Tools tab, which are explained briefly
below with the same order as shown under the
Legacy Tools tab.

Tools Description

Draws the circuit modeled in the SPLITS or FCDIST module as a

GRSplits
2D passive plot.

WMFPrint Displays and prints Windows metafiles.

Automates the transfer of leakage currents computed by Right-of-

CETU Way and SPLITS to conductive analysis software such as MALZ or
HIFREQ.

SESPlot Plotting utility for results computed for 2D or 3D perspective plots.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

SESConductor
Is a standalone SES conductor database utility.
Database

Displays and prints graphics and reports. Saving to metafiles or PDF

GraRep
can be done.

3.5 Options Tab

The Options tab provides the tools necessary to customize the overall CDEGS
environment and all of its modules.
These settings should be set from the
start-up JobID window before starting
any of the available sessions. The
functionality of each option is briefly
described here.
Languages button changes the display
language of the program. By clicking on the
arrow button, either English, French or
Chinese can be selected as the input language.
The Preference utility enables the creation of
templates for all of the programs in the input
session. Also, user defined defaults can be
assigned for the System of Units and System
Frequency for all or individual programs.
LicenseManager is an important
utility monitoring the license for
SES software. One item is the
computation modules enabled on
the hardware protection key or
dongle (the active ones will be
checked). Another item is the
expiration date that reminds you
when the key must be reset for
those who subscribe to the SES
hardware protection key insurance
program. Unsupported users and
those who have decided to manage
their own insurance (following the first automatically supported year) receive a
license code that allows them to reset their keys at selectable intervals. In this
case, however, the licensee should insure the key against loss or theft.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

3.6 Help Tab

The Help tab provides you with
help related functionality. The
Help section includes the entries:
Browse to Examples, Manuals,
Video Tutorials, FAQ and Publications. Browse to Examples gives a direct
access to Examples and How To folders. Selecting Manuals | Interface Help
(F1) from the Help tab will invoke the main CDEGS context sensitive online help
as shown below.
Selecting Manuals | Command Help option from the Help tab will bring up the
complete reference of the SES Command Language (SICL) as shown to the right
and by clicking on Manuals | How To Manuals option the complete CDEGS
PDF manuals will be accessible.
From the Help | SES Support
Services section, links and utilities
are available to aid in using the
support services of SES:
 SES Web Site button is a
link that will open your
Web browser to the home
page of SES.
 Contact SES Support
menu item automates the
packaging of deliverables
(e.g., input & output files
for support) via email to
SES for analysis.
 About option displays the
software version
currently installed on your computer. Moreover, the SES License
Information window can be accessed by selecting the License tab from
the About CDEGS window. The
expiration date of the license, the
computation modules and included
packages and also the soil model type
enabled on the protection key or dongle
are shown in this window.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

 Check for Updates option directs your

browser to the SES Web Site Software
Update page to upgrade your software to
the latest version.
 Browse to SES Folders option gives a
direct access to the installation and
command folders.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

4 CDEGS Input Session – Model Specification

The input session of a CDEGS software package allows you to easily create input
data files for the computation modules. It supports all of the features that are
available directly from the use of the powerful SES Input Command Language
(SICL). In addition, it boasts several options and features that are not available in
some other input modes and are described later in this chapter.

4.1 Starting an Input Session

The input session in the CDEGS application is used to specify the necessary
system data in order to carry out the engineering design or study. After having
selected or entered the desired JobID (i.e., scenario) and working directory (i.e.,
project folder), click on the
Specify item from the drop-
down Module list to invoke
the input session.
The main input windows of
some of the computation
modules have a similar
layout as described in
Section 4.4.

4.2 Field Types

The following describes and explains several convenient field types that will help
you to easily determine how to manipulate and enter data.

Radio Buttons Present two or more mutually exclusive

choices. You must pick one of the choices
by clicking the associated button to
highlight it. They are normally displayed in
a frame.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

Check Boxes
Enable or Disable a particular command
option. The option is enabled when a check
mark appears in the check box; it is disabled
when the check box is empty.

Table Entries
Allow you to enter several numeric and
alphanumeric entries displayed in a
spreadsheet-type grid.

Display Boxes
Give you a visual representation of your
current selection. Some of the
representations are static while others are
interactive and will display your actual
numerical entries in a graphical format.

Scroll Arrows
Allow you to scroll through a table or a list.

Text Entries Allow you to enter text strings. When the

cursor is positioned in the field, you can
type your entry.

Drop-Down List Boxes Give you a list of several options. To select

an item that is not displayed, click the arrow
button at the right of the list box and select
the item by clicking on it.

Inactive Features Are grayed and are not accessible to the

user.

Numeric Entries
Are used to enter numeric values. You type
in the values.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

4.3 Key and Mouse Behavior

In CDEGS windows the following key and mouse behavior are applicable:
Will move the cursor (focus) from the current field to the next
Tab Key
logical field.
Will move the cursor (focus) directly to the field identified by
Alt+Character
that character (i.e. the character that appears underlined).

In text or numeric fields:

Use the backspace key to delete a character to the left of the
Backspace key
cursor.
Delete Key Use the delete key to delete a character to the right of the cursor.
By default, you are in insertion mode. If you need to add text, this
allows you to position the cursor where the text is to be entered
Insert Key
and just type it. When you hit the insert key, you are in overwrite
mode and whatever you type overwrites previously entered text.
Ctrl+X Will cut highlighted text to the Clipboard.
Ctrl+C Will copy highlighted text to the Clipboard.
Ctrl+V Will paste the Clipboard content in the current entry field.
Shift+Arrow
Left or Right Will highlight text.
Keys

In table fields:
Will enter the data in current cell and move the cursor to the next
Commas
cell in the table.
Will enter the data in current cell and move the cursor by one cell
Arrow keys
in the direction of the arrow that was used.
Will enter the data in the current cell and move the cursor to the
Spacebar
next cell in the table.
Shift+Arrow
Left, Right, Up Will highlight cells.
or Down Keys
If a series of cells are highlighted, will open a Gradient Fill dialog
Slash ( / ) box. The Gradient Fill is used to automatically increment values
in a series of rows or columns.
Will delete the data in the current cell or in a selected block of
Delete Key
cells.
Shift+Delete
Will delete the data in the current cell or in a selected block of
Keys or
Ctrl+X cells and will copy it to the Clipboard.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

Ctrl+Insert
Will copy the data in the current cell or in a selected block of
Keys or
Ctrl+C cells to the Clipboard.

Shift+Insert
Will copy the contents of the Clipboard to the table using the
Keys or
Ctrl+V current cursor position as its starting point.

In most Interactive Display Boxes (Show Data) fields:

Show Data Will display the interactive plot.

Top View Will display the top view of the interactive plot.

Animate Will rotate the display automatically.

Stop Will stop the automatic rotation of the display.

Left mouse When the mouse cursor is located in the display window, will
button move the plot to various convenient viewing positions.

Shift Key and When the mouse cursor is located in the display window, will
Left mouse zoom in or zoom out of the plot. Moving up the mouse will
button zoom in and moving down the mouse will zoom out.

Ctrl Key and

When the mouse cursor is located in the display window, will
Left mouse
button modify the view angle as the mouse is moved.

In Drop-Down List boxes fields:

Arrow Keys Will cycle through the various items available.

Down Arrow at
the right of the When clicked, will display additional list items.
List Box

4.4 Common Fields, Buttons & Windows

Many fields, buttons and windows are common to some of the computation
modules.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

4.4.1 Input Window of MALT, MALZ, and HIFREQ Modules

The input (Project) window of MALT, MALZ, and HIFREQ is an example of
common structures found in the computation modules. These main menus
customize the input data and provide an entry point or road map to the different
categories of data required by the module. The Window shown below corresponds
to the MALT module.
The Case Description containing Module Description and Project Description
are used to identify and document the project for which the data is prepared.
The Run-Identification is used to
identify the outputs for the case. This
Run-ID appears in all printouts, output
and graphics files created by the program.
It is automatically set to be identical to the
JobID (which is functionally equivalent
to a scenario name) unless specified
otherwise. This is the recommended
choice. It allows a unique identification
name for different input data prepared
with the same JobID. Note that cases with
different Run-ID but with the same JobID
will overwrite each other. Note that the
JobID will also become a synonym of the
project Scenario name in future versions.
The System of Units radio buttons
specify the units in which the data will be
entered.
The Define button (SESCAD) is the road map for entering data. It simplifies and
accelerates the data input
process. In MALT, MALZ, and
HIFREQ computation modules,
the SESCAD is used to build the
entire system input data in a
graphical interface which
greatly simplifies the design of
the network.
SESCAD is a complete
graphical interface environment
that allows you to create,
modify, and view complex
grounding networks and
aboveground metallic structures. In SESCAD, you can specify the conductor
configuration, type, energization, and the observation points. You can also define

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

the soil layer characteristics in terms of electrical resistivity, positioning, depth

and horizontal thickness.
Depending on the Soil Type selected, the input data required in the Soil
Characteristics frame will be displayed. Similarly, the 3D Viewer panel will
illustrate the type of soil that is requested and the orientation of the axes relative
to the soil.
An added benefit of launching SESCAD here is that it takes the conductors
already defined and loads them into the interface. There they can be manipulated
as required. Once the modifications are completed, the new configuration is
reloaded into the input conductor list. This greatly facilitates the grid design.

4.4.2 Output Window of MALT, MALZ, and HIFREQ Modules

The Examine option from the drop-down
menu of the MALT, MALZ, and HIFREQ
computation module interfaces will request
the SESResultsViewer Output Processor
which shows again one of the common
utilities and windows used by these modules.
SESResultsViewer utility will be explained
in detail in Chapter 6 Section 6.3.1.

4.5 Other Input Toolbox Features

4.5.1 RESAP Computation Module

In the Measurements panel, specify the method used to gather the data. Several
popular and advanced resistivity
measurement techniques are
available. The Plots panel allows
you to immediately inspect the
results in a linear/linear or
log/linear fashion to determine
the shape of the curve or the
presence of noise in the
measurements.
The Measurement menu selects
the Wenner Method and the
Account for electrode depth
option by default. The
measurement data are entered in the
Traverse parameters option. The results are automatically plotted in the Plots
panel.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

The Computations panel is used to access a screen where you can define the type
of soil model you wish to use as well as the initial (estimated) values of the soil
characteristics you wish to compare to the real soil structure. The Number of Soil
Layers field allows you to explicitly request the number of layers for a
horizontally layered soil type (User-Defined). If the resistivity and thickness
under Initial estimates for horizontal soil model parameters are left as blank
(default setting), the program will determine suitable initial values for the
requested soil characteristics.
The Advanced Options screen helps you define computation settings for the
optimization process or generate different filters. By default, RESAP chooses
Automatic filter, which is
sufficient for most practical
cases. The High Precision
filter is sometimes needed
when extreme soil
conditions are encountered
(for example, very large
soil resistivity contrast ratios) and it will greatly increase the computation time.
Generating new filters is seldom needed unless RESAP encounters a missing or
corrupted filter database file.

4.5.2 TRALIN Computation Module

TRALIN performs line parameter
calculation of conductors and cables.
There are three modes to enter conductors
in the transmission line system, which can
be identified in the Cross Section
Specification Options (in the Project
info); Single Mode, Circuit Mode, and
the Group Mode. The Single Mode is
used for systems consisting entirely of
above-ground, uninsulated conductors.
The conductors are described one at a
time.
The Circuit Mode is used for systems
consisting entirely of above-ground,
uninsulated bundled conductors. The soil model
used in both Single Mode and Circuit Mode
allows the specification of up to three earth
layers in addition to the air layer. The Group
Mode is used for both overhead transmission lines and aboveground and buried
cables. It should be used if the system contains underground, insulated, pipe-
enclosed or cable-type conductors.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

The location, size, and characteristics of conductors are entered by clicking on the
Cross-section tab. The data in the Phase/Line Number field specifies the phase
number of the conductor. The phase number is used to indicate which conductors
share the same energization sources (points) and are to be reduced to an equivalent
single conductor when the Bundle Reduction option (in the Home tab) is in effect.
The characteristics of the conductors are defined by
clicking on the Component Type | Create New | From
Database which invokes the SESLibrary tool. The
Conductor Database window from SESLibrary offers
a comprehensive list of conductor specifications based
on various countries and international commonly used
conductors and cables. When the screen on the right
appears, select from the desired category from the
Conductor Class list. Scroll down the screen to find the
desired conductor, select it and click the Import button.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

4.5.3 SPLITS Computation Module

The SPLITS module is a powerful circuit solver that has a flexible Import Data
feature in the System (Terminal) window.
This feature allows the import of self and
mutual impedances of transmission line
conductors computed by TRALIN (Line
Parameters) for the various transmission
line sections (spans). It is used along the
GRSplits-3D tool to visualize, edit and
display computation results of the defined
circuit network.
The SPLITS module interface has not been
replaced yet by the new interface mainly
because it will be combined and integrated
with the GRSplits-3D tool and will be a
component of the Right-of-Way software
package.

4.5.4 FCDIST Computation Module

FCDIST is a line parameter and fault current distribution module that provides a
simpler equivalent to the combination of TRALIN and SPLITS computation
modules. The conductor characteristics can be obtained from the same database
in SESLibrary described above.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

4.5.5 FFTSES Computation Module

FFTSES is an efficient and
flexible Fast Fourier Transform
computation module aimed at
providing time-domain
computation capabilities to SES
software frequency based
computation modules such as
SPLITS, MALZ, and HIFREQ.
FFTSES offers several standard
and classical time domain surge
functions, as well as a user-
specified arbitrary surge that can
be imported from measured data or
from other computation sources.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

5 Software Computation Module Interface

5.1 Introduction
As you begin to use one of CDEGS software packages, keep in mind that your
engineering solving capabilities will continually increase as your familiarity with
the software and your understanding of the related engineering concepts increase.
CDEGS software packages yield the greatest rewards to those who persistently
explore their analytical capabilities. Furthermore, CDEGS software packages
allow you to study complex engineering problems with an exceptional level of
detail and accuracy. Consequently, significant reductions in your design and
construction costs will result from your ability to build accurate and realistic
computer models. You will no longer have to make frustrating and unnecessary
conservative assumptions or be subject to the uncertainty of simplified models
and assumptions.
While CDEGS can be applied to a very wide variety of engineering problems, it
is most often used for the following types of studies.
 Soil resistivity measurement interpretation (RESAP module).
 Grounding studies (MALT, MALZ, HIFREQ, and FFTSES modules).
 Line and cable parameter calculations (TRALIN, FCDIST, and HIFREQ).
 Determination of fault current distribution in power systems (FCDIST, SPLITS,
and HIFREQ).
 Inductive interference studies involving power systems, pipelines,
communications cables, etc. (TRALIN, SPLITS, HIFREQ, and FFTSES
modules).
 Cathodic protection studies (MALZ and HIFREQ).
 EMF and transient studies (MALZ, HIFREQ, and FFTSES).
 Analysis of arbitrary 3D conductor networks using accurate Maxwell
electromagnetic field theory. Solutions range from line parameter calculations to
lightning studies to antenna performance analysis (HIFREQ).

5.2 Invoking the Computation Modules

The computations are performed by the software Computation Modules RESAP,
MALT, MALZ, TRALIN, SPLITS, FCDIST, HIFREQ, and FFTSES. Each of
these modules (sometimes called programs) reads the data it requires from a
structured command input file generated by one of the input processors. For
illustrative purposes, assume that a RESAP input file was already prepared. From
the Windows CDEGS Main Menu, proceed as follows:
To invoke the RESAP computation session, select the Soil Resistivity Analysis
(RESAP) menu item from the Modules menu and then select the Compute item
from the drop-down menu that appears once you select the down arrow .

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

Note that if the Compute item for

RESAP is disabled (i.e., grayed out),
then this is a visual indicator that the
program was unable to locate the
input file. In this case, make sure that
the specified working directory and
the JobID point to the input file that has been selected. It could also be that there
is, indeed, no input file available yet. Below are possible windows or messages
that you may encounter in the computation session.
The Overwrite Files message window indicates that the RESAP computation
module was previously
launched using an input file
of the same name.
Consequently, the output
files associated with the
previous run would be replaced by the results of the new computation run if the
Yes button is clicked. Clicking on the No
button will abort the engineering run since
the computations cannot begin without
overwriting the existing output files.
The engineering session window to the right
indicates a proper completion of the
engineering application since the “RESAP
Execution Completed” message is displayed.
If the program cannot communicate with the
software license security key during the computations, the execution will be
aborted, displaying “No CDEGS Protection key detected.” Further details can be
found in the Web site link that is provided along with the error message. In this
specific instance, for example, the protection key might have been removed or not
seated properly in the physical port. If the computation module has completed
normally, the following output files will be generated:
 A printout listing input data, user-selected options, some computation
results and error or warning messages (*.F09).
 A computation database file (*.F21) in binary format (i.e., you cannot
read the information in this file using a text editor) containing the
computation results for subsequent use by the output processor or by the
output Binary/ASCII converter.
 Plots, if requested by the user.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

The validity of the license protection key is queried at several checkpoints

during the execution of any CDEGS program. In particular, CDEGS verifies
whether the key has expired as soon as it loads. The following message should
appear if it finds that the key has expired.

Moreover, you will be warned up to 14 days in advance that the key is about to
expire. The message, “* WARNING * Hardware Key limit will expire in x
day(s). Please renew using the Renew License menu item” (where x represents
the number of days left before the key
expires) will be displayed in the status
bar of the CDEGS program. This
message remains until the hardware
security key has been renewed with a
new expiration date. Please keep in
mind that the protection key that
comes with CDEGS is of the reset
type. What this means is that it must
be periodically reset in order for the
CDEGS program to function. The
reason for this security method is
twofold. First, the key is shipped with a limited period of time during which
CDEGS can function. Should the package get lost or stolen, the key will function
for only a very short period of time. Secondly, once the key has been installed into
the host system, this protects the user of CDEGS from theft should the key get
stolen; the key again will function for a short time.
For such safety reasons, the owner of CDEGS can control the allowable period of
time during which the software can function only over a period of one year. For
example, even though the license agreement normally extends over 50 years, the
protection key has a maximum allowable time of one year. In such a case, the
owner of CDEGS can download his or her license file using the
SESLicenseManager utility to reset the expiration date of the key date (valid only
for those who subscribed to SES hardware security key theft or loss insurance program ).

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

5.3 RESAP Computation Module

To use the RESAP computation module to its fullest capability, read the following
documents:
 The “How To...” engineering manuals: see1 GROUND, GISGRND,
SUBURBAN, INTERF, URBAN, AutoGrid Pro, and
AutoGroundDesign.
 The RESAP engineering application manual.
 The Seminar Reference binder (if you attended an SES seminar).

5.4 MALT Computation Module

To use to its fullest capability the MALT computation module, read the following
documents:
 The “How To...” engineering manuals: see1 GROUND, GISGRND,
INTERF, AutoGrid Pro, and AutoGroundDesign.
 The MALT engineering application manual.
 The Seminar Reference binder (if you attended an SES seminar).

5.5 MALZ Computation Module

To use the MALZ computation module to its fullest capability, read the following
documents:
 The “How To...” engineering manuals: see1 SUBURBAN and URBAN.
 The MALZ engineering application manual.
 The Seminar Reference binder (if you attended an SES seminar).

5.6 SPLITS Computation Module

To use the SPLITS computation module to its fullest capability, read the following
documents:
 The “How To...” engineering manuals: see1 SUBURBAN, INTERF,
ROWInterf, and ACTotalInterferenceStudy.
 The SPLITS engineering application manual.
 The Seminar Reference binder (if you attended an SES seminar).

5.7 FCDIST Computation Module

To use the FCDIST computation module to its fullest capability, read the
following documents:
 The “How To...” engineering manuals: see1 GROUND, GISGRND,
AutoGrid Pro, and AutoGroundDesign.
 The FCDIST engineering application manual.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

 The Seminar Reference binder (if you attended an SES seminar).

5.8 TRALIN Computation Module

To use the TRALIN computation module to its fullest capability, read the
following documents:
 The “How To...” engineering manuals: see1 SUBURBAN, INTERF,
URBAN, ROWInterf, and ACTotalInterferenceStudy.
 The TRALIN engineering application manual.
 The Seminar Reference binder (if you attended an SES seminar).

5.9 HIFREQ Computation Module

To use the HIFREQ computation module to its fullest capability, read the
following documents:
 The “How To...” engineering manuals: see1 RLC, TOWER, LIGHTN,
FENCE, CAPIND, and ACTotalInterferenceStudy.
 The HIFREQ engineering application manual.
 The Seminar Reference binder (if you attended an SES seminar).

5.10 FFTSES Computation Module

To use the FFTSES computation module to its fullest capability, read the
following documents:
 The “How To...” engineering manuals: see1 RLC and LIGHTN.
 The FFTSES engineering application manual.
 The Seminar Reference binder (if you attended an SES seminar).

1Note : The abbreviations used to name the “How To…” engineering manuals are
as follows:

ABBREV.+extension TITLE
Automated Grounding System Design Using
[Link] AutoGroundDesign
A Simple Substation Grounding Grid Analysis
AutoGrid [Link] Using AutoGrid Pro
[Link] A Simple Substation Grounding Analysis
NCC-SES Gas Insulated Substation Grounding
[Link] Analysis
Large Suburban Substation Grounding System
[Link] Analysis: Measurements & Computer Modeling
[Link] Urban Area Substation Analysis

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

Computation of Capacitance and Inductance of

[Link] Conductor Networks
Computation of Transient Currents in RLC
[Link] Circuits
Electromagnetic Environment Study using
[Link]
SESEnviroPlus
Electromagnetic Fields and AC Interference
[Link] Study using SESTLC
Electromagnetic Fields Near a Transmission
[Link] Line Tower...
Electromagnetic Fields Under a Transmission
[Link] Line and Induced Currents on a Fence
Lightning Transient Study of a Communication
[Link] Tower
Analysis of AC Interference Between
[Link] Transmission Lines and Pipelines
AC Mitigation on a Gas Pipeline Near an
[Link] Electric Network. Part I: Inductive Study
A Simple AC Total Interference Mitigation
[Link] Study Using SES software
Importing DXF Drawing Into Two main ways to generate SESShield-3D
SESShield-3D models from DXF drawing of picture
Cathodic Protection System Design and
Quick Start Guide CorrCAD Corrosion Evaluation

Quick Start Guide ROW Quick start guide for Right-of-Way

Quick start guide to the user interface to input the

Quick Start Guide ROWCAD data of Right-of-Way
Quick Start Guide SESShield- Quick start guide for lightning shielding
3D protection system
SESShield-3D-Direct
Lighting protection analysis of a simple
Lightning Stroke Shielding of substation using SESShield-3D
a Substation

Note that the above manuals can be read onscreen using Acrobat Reader and
similar software supporting the PDF convention. To open a manual, locate the file
name in the \PDF\HowTo folder of the distribution media.

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Getting Started with SES Software Packages

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

6 Output Data Processor

6.1 Introduction
Once a particular computation module has ended its task,
you can start examining the computed results using the
Examine button of the module drop-down menu
or you can view the output (F09) file and examine
the results, by clicking the View F09 file or
Examine which are available in the Computation
Trace window once the computation is finished.
Examination of the output results can only be done if the computation module has
been run for the case (i.e., a computation database exists for the case). The state
indicator of the program buttons act as visual indicators to help you decide which
program to examine. As mentioned earlier in Section 3, the module (program)
buttons will be shown in either of its two states: green or red. Once the model for
the selected module is computed (i.e., a valid F21 file exists), both status
indicators turn to green.

6.2 Viewing, Printing, Plotting and Exporting Computation Results

You can examine or print the computation output files (*.F09) by either selecting
the Examine button from the drop-down menu of the module or from the Tools |
Output | File Viewer item .
You can export conductor network data to DXF-compatible CAD systems by
selecting the Tools | Output | Export | To DXF menu item (see the context
sensitive online help for more details). Finally, you can convert computation
database files (*.F21) to ASCII format for subsequent processing by non-SES
graphics or report packages or simply for transferring to other non-Intel PC-
compatible computer platforms (see the context sensitive online help for more
details).

6.3 Plotting and Reporting Results Using SES Output Processors

You can use the following three different tools to report and view your
computation results.
 SESResultsViewer
 GRServer
 SESSystemViewer

Note that you still have access to the legacy Output Toolbox, if desired or
necessary.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

6.3.1 SESResultsViewer Configuration and Computation Plots and

Reports Processor
SESResultsViewer in the Tools folder processes the computation data and
results of all computation
modules in CDEGS, offering a
complete solution for displaying
the plots and reports in an
integrated viewer. It presents a
light layout with intuitive
organization of its settings that
use sensible defaults that, in turn,
allow for a fast configuration of
the settings in order to achieve the
desired output results. This tool
replaces the legacy Output
Toolbox.
Data selection falls under the following general modules:
 Configuration option (found in MALT, MALZ, and HIFREQ modules,
for plotting conductors and their currents or GPR, etc.).
 Computation option (found in all modules, for plotting computed earth
currents, voltages, resistances, etc.).
Clicking on the Plot bottom will plot the desired data and clicking the Report
button, will display the computation results in character-based format. You can
select to plot 3D, side and top views of your systems and focus on the area of
interest with the zoom ribbon on the left of the plot. You can also direct plots and
reports to your screen or to a file.
There is also a Define Safety
Threshold in the Computations tab
with three drop-down options; User-
Defined Value, Default/Actual
Threshold Stored Value and
Specify in Threshold Module.
Choosing Specify in Threshold
Module from the drop-down menu
and clicking on the right side button
brings up the Safety window
where you can define the safety criteria on which your safety assessment of the
conductor network should be based. In other words, this feature provides you with
the safe touch and step voltage thresholds as well as the safe body current
reference value.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

You will note that various standards as well as your own guidelines or rules can
be selected using various options displayed as drop-down selection lists or in the
write-in numerical fields in the Zone Specification.
Upon clicking the Show Results button from the Results section on the left side
of the window, a safety report is generated for a single fault clearing time.
If one or more parameters are not specified by the user, then the touch and step
voltage limits are computed based on the following default parameter values:

 Body Resistance = 1000 ohms

 Surface Resistivity = 1000 ohm-m
 Foot Resistance Calculation = IEEE Exact
 Fault Duration = 0.5 s
 Surface Layer = 6 inches (15.2 cm) of crushed rock

For detailed online help, hit the F1 key after selecting an input field in the window.

6.3.2 GRServer Plotting and Reporting Software Tool

GRServer in Tools is an Advanced Graphics and report output processor with
input processing capabilities. GRServer can display, plot, and print configuration
and computation results obtained using any SES’s software package. GRServer
also has the capability to view the input files, run the computation modules to
populate the computation databases and view output files.
The plots which are created in each of
the display windows are also created as
thumbnails (plot icons) on the sidebar.
Its multi-document structure makes it an
efficient means to compare results and
draw conclusions.
The window menu has six distinct
components as shown here. The toolbar
provides easy access to the most used
features that can also be found in the
menu bar. The six program (module)
buttons on the left sidebar are for loading the computation module databases for
the programs other than the currently opened one. Clicking on any of these
enabled buttons will automatically load the corresponding database. The plot
icons (in the right sidebar) are the thumbnails of the plots created in the plot
window space. Since the plot icon sidebar is scrollable, there is no limitation on

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

the number of icons it can contain. Clicking on a plot icon activates the plot
window associated with the icon. A popup menu shows up when right-clicking
on a plot icon. It is used to print, save, and delete the plots.

6.3.3 SESSystemViewer Interactive Plotting Tool

SESSystemViewer in Tools is a powerful
3D graphics rendition software that allows you
to visualize the complete system including the
entire network and surrounding soil structure
realistically as observed from a moving
platform. Furthermore, computation results are
displayed right on the system components.
It has the capability to display the system
configuration specified by the MultiGround,
MultiGroundZ or MultiFields software
packages. Furthermore, all computation results pertaining to the system
configuration can be displayed right on the system component itself in vivid spot
colors that reflect the intensity of the displayed quantity (such as leakage and
longitudinal currents, ground potential rises (GPR), etc.).
The main graphics computation engine of SESSystemViewer is driven by the
OpenGL industry standard protocol. It is possible to display the conductor
network, soil model structure and observation point computation results alone or
simultaneously. Conductor data such as radius, material type, coating type or
energization type can be displayed in various colors for easy rendition.
Computation results that can be displayed in various color intensities include the
leakage currents, longitudinal currents at the origin or end of a conductor segment,
the GPR of its metal, that of its coating or the coating stress voltage.
Plots of computation results carried out at specified observation points can be
displayed in 3D or color spot form right on the system configuration model.

6.4 Further Details

The preceding description of the output session in CDEGS is by no means
exhaustive. Many useful features are explained in the “How To…” engineering
manuals and in the context sensitive online help. These documents can be found
on the distribution media, under the folder: \PDF. The user should refer to these
documents for a wealth of information on how to proceed to display useful reports
and plots based on the computation results.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

7 Tutorials and Getting Started with your

Engineering Projects

7.1 Documentation
Now that you are somewhat familiar with the various SES’s software packages
and associated tools, you are ready to get started with your main concern, i.e.,
studying a practical engineering project. SES recommends that you proceed as
follows:
SES’s Software Tools and Utilities Manuals
Read the appropriate manual to become familiar with the various tool and utility
programs provided with the software packages. The discussion of these utilities
can be found in each utility’s online help. An alternative and quite efficient means
of becoming familiar with the tool or utility software is to start it and then use the
context sensitive online help to learn and understand the software further.
“How To...” Engineering Manuals
If your engineering problem is similar to one of the many “How To...”
engineering manuals provided with SES software, you should consult it for
detailed guidance on how to proceed with your problem. The “How To...”
engineering manuals provide extensive details on how to complete a typical
engineering study using the SES software. These manuals can be found on the
distribution media in the files located in the folder: \PDF\HowTo.

7.2 Reaching SES via EMAIL

E-mail us at:
Product and software brochure requests as well as
info@[Link]
project engineering requests.
Pricing, sales-related, accounting, and administrative
sales@[Link]
requests.
Software and engineering support services for SES’s
support@[Link] software users (includes demonstration packages to
users).

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

7.3 Accessing the SES Web Site through the Internet

SES Web Site
Visit us on the Internet at [Link]. The SES Web site contains CDEGS
program updates, SES corporate profile, upcoming events sponsored by SES’s
software packages produced by SES, projects that SES has participated in over
the years, pertinent peer-reviewed technical papers, various technical guidelines
for measurements and project data requests, FAQs, information on SES’s training
and certification courses and its training facility, etc. If you have a suggestion on
what you would like to see added to our Web site, send it to
webmaster@[Link]. The SES Web Site can also be reached by clicking the
Help item (Support Services) of the main CDEGS menu bar.
Downloading Files
If you wish to access directly our software updates download area, visit the
following URL: [Link]/Downloads/[Link] or just click
on the SES software Downloads from the Help | Support Services submenu in the
CDEGS program.
Note that you will be
required to supply your user
name and password in order
to download software
updates. All licensees under
current support are given a
valid user name and
password to be able to
download software
updates. If you have lost
this information, contact us.
Once accessed, you will see
a web page similar to the
one shown here from where
to begin downloading the
desired updates.
For more information on the maintenance contract, please call SES: (450) 622-
5000 or send email to sales@[Link] or support@[Link].

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

8 File and Extension Naming Conventions

8.1 Introduction
SES provides a standardized environment for file and extension naming
conventions. The standardization is important to easily recognize the different
data files.

8.2 File Naming Conventions

The JobID is used to label all the files produced during a given CDEGS software
package run. It is similar to the use of a scenario name to a given case to be
studied. This helps identify the corresponding input, computation, results and plot
files. Note that the JobID will also become a synonym of the project Scenario
name in future versions. The CDEGS interface module will automatically insert
the JobID string in the names of all files (unless manually overridden) created
during a session. The default file naming convention is as follows:
XY_JobID.Fnn
Where XY is a two-letter abbreviation corresponding to the name of the program
which created the file or which will read the file as input. The abbreviations used
for the Software Computation Modules are as follows:

Application Abbreviation Application Abbreviation

RESAP RS FCDIST FC
MALT MT HIFREQ HI
MALZ MZ FFTSES FT
TRALIN TR SESEnviroPlus TR
SPLITS SP SESShield-3D SD
SESTLC TC ROWCAD RC
SESShield LS SESeBundle BE
GRSPLITS-3D SP CorrCAD CC
AutoGroundDesign AD SESThreshold TH
SESAmpacity AP SESCrossSection XS
SESImpedance FM CSIRPS* CS

For the input processors, the following abbreviations are used:

Interface Module Abbreviation
SICL SC
For the output processor SIRPS, the following abbreviations are used:
Interface Module Abbreviation
CSIRPS CS

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

8.3 Extension Naming Conventions

The default extension naming convention is as follows:
XY_JobID.Fnn
Where the nn digits are an extension used to indicate the type of file. The main
file types are as follows:

FILE TYPE FILE TYPE

Command input (for Software Computation Modules) .INP, .F05

Computation results (for Software Computation Modules) .F09

Computation database results of electromagnetic fields (EMF)

.F89
produced by SPLITS

Auxiliary input (command and save files for input and output
.F12
processors)

Computation database (for reports and graphic displays) .F21

Plot files .EMF, .WMF, .PS and .F30

Unique file types used by specific programs are as follows:

MODULE FILE TYPE EXTENSION

MALT Current Distribution (output) .F07

MALZ Current Distribution (output) .F17

TRALIN Line Impedance Data (output) .F27
SPLITS Summary Computation Results (output) .F07
HIFREQ Current Distribution (output) .F17

FFTSES Spectrum Storage File .F07

FFTSES Recommended Frequency List .F27

SICL Session save file (output) .F08

Current distribution recovery file (input and
MALZ .F33
output)
Current distribution recovery file (input and
HIFREQ .F33
output)
SIRPS Summary report file (output) .F17

Share File Session save file (output) .F08

AutoGrid Pro Data Exchange File (share file) SF_jobid.F11

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

Right-of-Way Software Package

FILE TYPE EXTENSION

Project file RW_ProjectName.row

Scenario file RW_Scenario*.F05

Self and mutual impedances of all phases for all section
TS_Scenario*_T*_R*.out
cuts in a region (output)
A SPLITS-compatible file. Where Scenario is the
ScenarioName for the project and X is an integer
SP_ScenarioName_X.F05
representing the circuit ID for a SPLITS file, typically,
0, 1 …
A SPLITS-compatible file (before modification). Where
ScenarioName is the scenario name for the project and SP_ ScenarioName
ReferenceCircuitModelID is an integer representing the _ReferenceCircuitModelID.F05
reference ID for a SPLITS file, typically, 0, 1 …
A SPLITS-compatible file (after modification). Where
SP_ ScenarioName
NewCircuitModelID is an integer representing the new
_NewCircuitModelID.F05
ID for SPLITS file, typically, 1, 2…
The command file that records the operations made on a
SPLITS file. It can be loaded by this module. X and Y
MODSP_ ScenarioName _X_Y.F05
are integers. X is the reference circuit model ID. Y is
the new circuit model ID.
Contains the maximum GPR of the exposed line at
every section. Here, ScenarioName is the scenario ID ExposedlineGPR_ScenarioName_Re
for the project and ReferenceCircuitModelID is an ferenceCircuitModelID_Exposedline
integer representing the reference ID for a SPLITS file, [Link]
typically, 0, 1 …
Contains the GPR of the exposed line at the fault
locations. Here, ScenarioName is the scenario ID for the ExposedlineGPR_FTLCT_Scenario
project and ReferenceCircuitModelID is an integer Name_ReferenceCircuitModelID_Ex
representing the reference ID for a SPLITS file, [Link]
typically, 0, 1 …
Contains the maximum section current of the exposed
line at every section. Here, ScenarioName is the ExposedlineCUR_ScenarioName_Re
scenario ID for the project and ferenceCircuitModelID_Exposedline
ReferenceCircuitModelID is an integer representing the [Link]
reference ID for a SPLITS file, typically, 0, 1 …
Contains the section current of the exposed line at the
fault locations. Here, ScenarioName is the scenario ID ExposedlineCUR_FTLCT_Scenario
for the project and ReferenceCircuitModelID is an Name_ReferenceCircuitModelID_Ex
integer representing the reference ID for a SPLITS file, [Link]
typically, 0, 1 …
Contains the maximum GPR of the reference line (i.e.,
tower shunt potential) at every section. Here,
REFPOT_ScenarioName_Reference
ScenarioName is the scenario ID for the project and
[Link]
ReferenceCircuitModelID is an integer representing the
reference ID for a SPLITS file, typically, 0, 1 …

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

Right-of-Way Software Package (continued)

FILE TYPE EXTENSION
Contains the maximum shunt current of the reference
line (i.e., tower shunt current) at every section. Here,
REFCUR_ScenarioName_ReferenceC
ScenarioName is the scenario ID for the project and
[Link]
ReferenceCircuitModelID is an integer representing
the reference ID for a SPLITS file, typically, 0, 1 …
Contains the section current on the right side of the
fault location (i.e., fault current contributed from the
right side of the fault location). Here, ScenarioName is FAULTCURRIGHT_ScenarioName_
the scenario ID for the project and [Link]
ReferenceCircuitModelID is an integer representing
the reference ID for a SPLITS file, typically, 0, 1 …
Contains the section current on the left side of the fault
location (i.e., fault current contributed from the left
side of the fault location). Here, ScenarioName is the FAULTCURLEFT_ScenarioName_R
scenario ID for the project and [Link]
ReferenceCircuitModelID is an integer representing
the reference ID for a SPLITS file, typically, 0, 1 …
Contains the maximum line-to-line voltages of the
assigned exposed line ([Link]-to-rail voltage) at every
section. Here, ScenarioName is the scenario ID for the LTLDIFF_ScenarioName_Reference
project and ReferenceCircuitModelID is an integer [Link]
representing the reference ID for a SPLITS file,
typically, 0, 1 …
Contains the maximum GPR differences between the
two points along an exposed line. Here, ScenarioName
PIPEDIFF_ScenarioName_Reference
is the scenario ID for the project and
[Link]
ReferenceCircuitModelID is an integer representing
the reference ID for a SPLITS file, typically, 0, 1 …
Contains the maximum total interference GPR. Here,
ScenarioName is the scenario ID for the project and TotMetalGPR_ScenarioName_Refere
ReferenceCircuitModelID is an integer representing [Link]
the reference ID for a SPLITS file, typically, 0, 1 …
Contains the maximum total interference coating stress
voltage. Here, ScenarioName is the scenario ID for the
TotCoatingStressV_ScenarioName_R
project and ReferenceCircuitModelID is an integer
[Link]
representing the reference ID for a SPLITS file,
typically, 0, 1 …

Please note that upon the installation of SES software, not all of the modules may
be accessible; the purchased license determines which modules will be fully
functional.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

8.4 Shared Files for RESAP, MALT, SPLITS, FCDIST, and SIRPS
Some crucial data can be shared between the computation modules RESAP,
MALT, SPLITS, FCDIST, and SIRPS. This facilitates data entry in complex
studies where the output of one program becomes the input of another.
The RESAP program stores the computed soil model in a shared database file.
This soil model is read and used by MALT if no other soil model is specified in
its input file.
MALT prints the computed Main Ground resistance to the shared file, which will
then be read by SPLITS or FCDIST if the Central Site ground impedance is not
entered by the user. SPLITS and FCDIST store the current injected into the
Central Site ground in the shared file, which can then be read by MALT (if it is
run after SPLITS or FCDIST) if no Main Ground injection current is specified in
MALT.
SIRPS reads the SPLITS or FCDIST central site ground current and divides it by
the MALT input current (main ground) to obtain a scaling factor which can be
applied to all values in SIRPS.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

9 Description of SES’s Software Computation

Modules

9.1 Command Input Mode (SICL)

SICL (SES Interactive Command Language) is a flexible, command-driven input
processor to the SES’s software packages. The user controls operations of the
processor by embedding in the input files simple English-like commands that are
structured in a logical hierarchy. As a result of the command structure, SICL input
files are highly readable (they are backward compatible since the introduction of
the SICL command input files) and, therefore, very useful for documentation and
reference purposes, especially when the input files are interspersed with pertinent
comments.
On-line help provides the syntax and usage of SICL commands as well as
discussions on special topics. SICL commands are clustered into groups according
to function and thus form a hierarchy. These commands can be entered in ASCII
(text) files using the dedicated SESTextEditor tool and any text editor including
SES’s MultiPad editor.
The Software Computation Modules described hereafter read directly the SICL
input files in order to gather the required system data and perform the requested
computations.
9.2 Software Computation Modules
The calculations are performed by the Software Computation Modules. Each of
these modules reads data from a structured command input file and computes
various results useful to electrical engineers and scientists as explained hereafter.

RESAP Computation Module

The RESAP computation module interprets measured soil resistivity data and
determines equivalent earth structure models. The user enters apparent resistance
or resistivity values which have been measured using Wenner, Schlumberger,
Dipole-Dipole, Unipolar Wenner or arbitrary electrode arrays and RESAP
determines a multilayered or exponential soil structure which most closely
matches the measured results.
Soil models generated by RESAP can be used to analyze grounding systems,
conduct cathodic protection studies, examine electromagnetic induction (EMI)
problems and compute transmission line parameters.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

MALT Computation Module

MALT is the oldest and most widely known computation module of the SES’s
software package. It is a powerful grounding analysis tool, which is useful
whenever electrical conduction through earth must be studied; typically, MALT
is used to analyze and design ground networks for HVAC and HVDC power
stations, substations or transmission towers, or to design anode beds for cathodic
protection installations. Other electrical engineering problems can also be
accurately solved using MALT program. MALT can analyze complex ground
networks of bare or coated conductors buried in vertically, horizontally,
spherically, spheroidally, inclined or cylindrically layered soil, or in the air for
Perfect soil model (bare or coated plates are also available for horizontally and
Perfect soil models). It can also account for the presence of arbitrarily shaped
regions of varying resistivities embedded in a uniform or horizontally layered soil.
Generally, MALT is suited to analyze all practical problems where DC or AC
power frequency currents are injected into the earth by a ground network or
multiple electrodes, so long as the longitudinal impedances of the ground
conductors can be neglected. In this situation, the locations of the current injection
points within the ground network do not play a significant role. At higher
frequencies or increased ground network size or low soil resistivities, the
longitudinal impedances of buried conductors cannot be neglected; consequently,
MALT results may become inaccurate. For such analyses, it is preferable to use
the MALZ or HIFREQ computation modules. HIFREQ is a unique analytical
computation software code that can solve any electromagnetic problem involving
a network of arbitrarily oriented aboveground and buried conductors energized by
any number of current and voltage sources.

MALZ Computation Module

MALZ analyzes the frequency domain performance of networks of buried,

current-carrying conductors and computes the following quantities:
 Magnetic field in the air.
 Conductor and earth potentials.
 Current distribution in the conductors.
It is particularly suited to analyzing extensive ground networks which cannot be
considered to be equipotential surfaces or which interact with nearby coated
pipelines. MALZ is also an excellent tool for analyzing conductor networks
energized by currents at frequencies varying from 0 to about 0.5 to 1 MHz or for
studying the cathodic protection of coated structures.
MALZ is similar to MALT, with the following main differences:
 MALZ computes magnetic fields, while MALT does not.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

 MALZ accounts for attenuation along conductors and computes the

potential drop which typically occurs in large conductor systems (e.g.,
along pipelines or in large plants), while MALT assumes ideal
conductors (a valid assumption for power line structure and most small
or moderate grounding systems in relatively moderate or high resistivity
soils).
 MALZ allows you to specify the injection currents with arbitrary phase
angles at multiple locations throughout the grounding system or systems
modeled, while MALT allows multiple current or voltage injections of
real-valued quantities (positive, zero or negative) on an arbitrary number
of equipotential electrodes.
Note that MALZ can accommodate all of the soil structures, except Perfect soils,
that can be modeled by MALT.

TRALIN Computation Module

TRALIN analyzes electric line cross sections to determine conductor line
parameters, electrostatic and electromagnetic induction effects on ungrounded
conductors, and electric fields in the air. TRALIN can be applied to industrial,
distribution and transmission lines with any number and type of conductors or
phases configured in any arbitrary positions: combinations of cables, pipelines,
stranded and composite conductors, insulated and bare conductors, overhead and
buried conductors, and irregular phase configurations.
Computations take into account the non-uniform nature of soil structure
characteristics. TRALIN can be used to analyze complex Right-of-Way situations
containing transmission lines, cables and pipelines just as easily as it can be used
for simple power line corridors.
The most usual application of TRALIN is to compute series and shunt impedances
of electric line conductors and nearby non-energized conductors such as pipelines
and communications cables. These impedances are then used to create a circuit
model which can be analyzed by the SPLITS computation module to compute
currents flowing in all parts of the system (including metallic return paths) and
potentials throughout the system.

SPLITS Computation Module

SPLITS is one of the most versatile computation modules of SES software. It

determines the distribution of load and short circuit currents in every section or
span of a multi-conductor, multi-phase electric transmission, distribution, or
industrial network. It is also used to investigate electromagnetic interference
effects caused by such conductors on neighboring facilities such as pipelines,
communication lines, rails, fences, etc.

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

FCDIST Computation Module

FCDIST computes the distribution of fault currents between a grounding system
and the overhead ground wires or neutral wires which are connected to it.
FCDIST is a synthesis of the TRALIN and SPLITS programs, which has been
simplified in order to permit rapid modeling of a number of electric lines
connected to a substation or plant. Only the faulted phase or conductor of each
line is modeled and all spans associated with a given line are assumed to be
identical. SPLITS and TRALIN should be used instead for more detailed
modeling (e.g., modeling of all phases, modeling of networks with different
characteristics in each span).

HIFREQ Computation Module

HIFREQ analyzes the performance of networks of buried and above-ground
current-carrying conductors (thin metallic plates are also available for Infinite,
Uniform and horizontally 2-layer soil models) and cables and computes the
following quantities:
 Magnetic field in the air and in the earth.
 Electric field in the air and in the earth.
 Conductor and earth potentials.
 Current distribution in the conductors.
 Self and mutual impedances and capacitances of conductors and
arbitrary shaped circuits.
HIFREQ is particularly suited to analyzing extensive conductor networks
including grounding systems energized at frequencies ranging from 0 Hz to
hundreds of MHz. It can model transformers, GIS, GIL, power cables and pipe-
type cables as well. Using appropriate software such as FFTSES, the transient
response of any network of conductors is easily determined. Electromagnetic
compatibility studies, safety EMF studies involving determination of magnetic
and electric field levels, and interference studies are a few of the many possible
applications of this powerful computer program.

FFTSES Computation Module

FFTSES performs Forward and Inverse Fast Fourier Transforms on arbitrary

transient waveforms to be studied by frequency domain computation modules
such as MALZ, HIFREQ, and SPLITS.
Since MALZ, SPLITS, and HIFREQ all operate in the frequency domain,
FFTSES is an important complement to these programs for the study of transients

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

and surges. Of course, FFTSES can be used independently whenever Fast Fourier
Transforms on waveforms are to be studied.

9.3 How To… Engineering Manuals

The following table provides a quick reference that will help you locate the
appropriate software package “How To…” engineering manual.

CDEGS Software Package

AutoGroundDesign

MultiGroundZ +

Right-of-Way Pro
SES-EnviroPlus

MultiGround +

MultiFieldsPro
MultiGroundZ
SES-Shield 3D

AutoGrid Pro

MultiGround

MultiFields +
AutoGround

SESTLC Pro

Full CDEGS
MultiFields
MultiLines
Pertinent PDF

CorrCAD
“HOW …TO”
Manual

AutoGroundDesign

AutoGrid Pro

Ground

GISGRND

Suburban

Urban

RLC

Capind

Fence

Tower

Lightn

Interf

RowInterf
ACTotalInterference
Study
SESEnviroPlus

Quick Start Guide

SESShield-3D
SESTLC EMF and
AC Interference
QuickStartGuide
CorrCAD
QuickStartGuide
ROW
QuickStartGuide
RowCAD

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 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

SESShield-3D-Direct
Lightning Stroke
Shielding of a
Substation
Importing DXF
Drawing Into
SESShield-3D

54
 Getting Started with SES Software Packages

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